The effect of model compounds on load-carrying capacity of a-C:H:W coated elements Mihaela Vlad...
27
The effect of model compounds The effect of model compounds on load-carrying capacity on load-carrying capacity of a-C:H:W coated elements of a-C:H:W coated elements Mihaela Vlad Czesław Kajdas, Remigiusz Michalczewski TRIBOCHEMIA TRIBOCHEMIA Warsztaty Tribologiczne Warsztaty Tribologiczne Radom, 29-05-2008 Radom, 29-05-2008
-
Upload
sharlene-merritt -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of The effect of model compounds on load-carrying capacity of a-C:H:W coated elements Mihaela Vlad...
The effect of model compounds The effect of model compounds on load-carrying capacity on load-carrying capacity
of a-C:H:W coated elementsof a-C:H:W coated elements
Mihaela Vlad
Czesław Kajdas, Remigiusz Michalczewski
TRIBOCHEMIATRIBOCHEMIAWarsztaty TribologiczneWarsztaty Tribologiczne
Radom, 29-05-2008Radom, 29-05-2008
2
Coated machine Coated machine components – components – 2%2%
Heavy-loaded lubricated machine componentsHeavy-loaded lubricated machine components
Coated tools - Coated tools - 80%80% ! !
TRIBOCHEMIATRIBOCHEMIAWarsztaty TribologiczneWarsztaty Tribologiczne
Radom, 29-05-2008Radom, 29-05-2008
3
IntroductionIntroduction
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
uncoated TiN CrN a-C:H:W MoS2/Ti
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad P
t [N
]
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
uncoated TiN CrN a-C:H:W MoS2/Ti
Lif
e L
10 [
min
.]
PVD coatings exhibit a poor pitting resistance.PVD coatings exhibit a poor pitting resistance.
PVD coatings exhibit a excellent scuffing resistance.PVD coatings exhibit a excellent scuffing resistance.
Source:Michalczewski R. et. al.COST 532 Final Report 2007.
4
AIMAIM
Investigation of the effectiveness of various model Investigation of the effectiveness of various model compounds as potential anti-wear additives compounds as potential anti-wear additives
for heavy-loaded a-C:H:W coated steel machine partsfor heavy-loaded a-C:H:W coated steel machine parts
5
LubricantsLubricants
Synthetic base oil (PAO-8) Synthetic base oil (PAO-8)
PAO-8 with PAO-8 with CHOCHO compounds (0.1 and 1% wt) compounds (0.1 and 1% wt)
CHCH33 – (CH – (CH22))1616 –COOH (stearic acid) –COOH (stearic acid)
CHCH33 – (CH – (CH22))66 – CH – CH22 – CH = CH – (CH – CH = CH – (CH22))77 – COOH (oleic acid) – COOH (oleic acid)
CHCH33 – (CH – (CH22))55 – CH(OH) – (CH – CH(OH) – (CH22))1010 – COOH (12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid) – COOH (12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid)
CHCH33 – (CH – (CH22))1616 – CH – CH22 – OH (stearyl alcohol) – OH (stearyl alcohol)
CHCH33 – (CH – (CH22))1515 – CH – CH22 – CO-OCH – CO-OCH33 (methyl stearate) (methyl stearate)
PAO-8 with PAO-8 with CHNOCHNO compounds (0.1 and 1% wt) compounds (0.1 and 1% wt)
4-(t-butyl)caprolactam4-(t-butyl)caprolactam
ε-caprolactamε-caprolactam
N OH
CH3
CH3
CH3
N OH
6
OP
O
OH
PAO-8 with organic PAO-8 with organic sulphur sulphur compounds (0.1 and 1% wt)compounds (0.1 and 1% wt)
benzyl disulphide benzyl disulphide
dibenzyl sulphide dibenzyl sulphide
octyl sulphide octyl sulphide
1-adamantanethiol1-adamantanethiol
PAO-8 with organic PAO-8 with organic phosphorusphosphorus compounds (0.1 and 1% wt) compounds (0.1 and 1% wt)
dibenzyl phosphite dibenzyl phosphite
diethyl 1‑phenylethyl phosphonate diethyl 1‑phenylethyl phosphonate
SS
CH2 S CH2
CH3 CH2 S CH2 (CH2)6 CH3(CH2)6
H
H
SH
H
CH
CH3
P OCH2CH3
OCH2CH3
O
7
FOUR-BALL TESTER (T-02FOUR-BALL TESTER (T-02))scuffingscuffing resistance resistance
Tribotester used for testingTribotester used for testing SCUFFINGSCUFFING
Test conditionsTest conditionsspeed of load increase: 409 N sspeed of load increase: 409 N s-1-1
initial load:initial load: 0 N0 N maximum load:maximum load: c.a. 7200 Nc.a. 7200 N rotational speed:rotational speed: 500 rpm500 rpm
Automatic loadingAutomatic loading
8
Method for testing lubricants underMethod for testing lubricants under SCUFFINGSCUFFING conditionsconditions
Pt – scuffing load [N]
M t
M = 10 Nmt
P t
P ozP
1
2
0 Czas
Mo
me
nt t
arci
a M
t
Obc
iaze
nie
P
in icjacja zacierania
zatarcie
Ap
pli
ed l
oad
, P
Fri
ctio
n t
orq
ue
, M
t seizure
scuffing initiation
Time, s
9
CHOCHO compoundscompounds
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time [s]
Fri
cti
on
to
rqu
e [
Nm
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Lo
ad
[N
]
base oil (PAO-8)
base oil + 0.1% stearic acid
base oil + 0.1% oleic acid
base oil + 0.1% 12-OH stearic acid
base oil + 0.1% stearyl alcohol
base oil + 0.1% methyl stearate
load [N]
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated012345678910024681012141618Time [s]Friction torque [Nm] 010002000300040005000600070008000900010000Load [N] base oil (PAO-8) base oil + 0.1% stearic acid base oil + 0.1% oleic acid base oil + 0.1% 12-OH stearic acid base oil + 0.1% stearyl alcohol base oil + 0.1% methyl stearate load [N]
012345678910024681012141618Time [s]Friction torque [Nm] 010002000300040005000600070008000900010000Load [N] base oil (PAO-8) base oil + 0.1% stearic acid base oil + 0.1% oleic acid base oil + 0.1% 12-OH stearic acid base oil + 0.1% stearyl alcohol base oil + 0.1% methyl stearate load [N]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time [s]
Fri
cti
on
to
rqu
e [
Nm
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Lo
ad
[N
]
base oil (PAO-8)
base oil + 0.1% stearic acid
base oil + 0.1% oleic acid
base oil + 0.1% 12-OH stearic acid
base oil + 0.1% stearyl alcohol
base oil + 0.1% methyl stearate
load [N]coated
coated
coated
coated
10
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
ba
se
oil
(PA
O-8
)
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
ste
ari
c a
cid
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
ole
ica
cid
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
12
-OH
ste
ari
c a
cid
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
ste
ary
la
lco
ho
l
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
me
thy
ls
tea
rate
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
coated
coated
coated
coated
CHOCHO compoundscompounds
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
ba
se
oil
(PA
O-8
)
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
ste
ari
c a
cid
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
ole
ica
cid
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
12
-OH
ste
ari
c a
cid
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
ste
ary
la
lco
ho
l
ba
se
oil
+0
.1%
me
thy
ls
tea
rate
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
11
Effect of concentration ofEffect of concentration of CHOCHO compounds on coated compounds on coated elementselements
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time [s]
Fri
cti
on
to
rqu
e [
Nm
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Lo
ad
[N
]
base oil (PAO-8)
base oil + 0.1% oleic acid
base oil +1% oleic acid
load [N] coated
coated
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time [s]
Fri
cti
on
to
rqu
e [
Nm
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Lo
ad
[N
]
base oil (PAO-8)
base oil + 0.1% methyl stearate
base oil +1% methyl stearate
load [N]
12
Effect of concentration ofEffect of concentration of CHOCHO compounds on coated compounds on coated elementselements
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
base oil (PAO-8) base oil + 0.1% oleicacid
base oil + 1% oleicacid
Scu
ffin
g l
oad
, P
t [N
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
base oil (PAO-8) base oil + 0.1%methyl stearate
base oil + 1% methylstearate
Scu
ffin
g l
oad
, P
t [N
]
coated
coated
13
RMS= 64.5 nm
0.1% oleic acid
RMS= 55.9 nm
1% oleic acid
RMS= 121.0 nm
0.1% methyl stearate
RMS= 77.0 nm
1% methyl stearate
AFM results forAFM results for CHOCHO compounds for coated ballscompounds for coated balls
14
CHNOCHNO compoundscompounds
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
base oil base oil + 0.1% 4 (t-butyl)caprolactam
base oil + 0.1% ε-caprolactam
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
base oil base oil + 0.1% 4 (t-butyl)caprolactam
base oil + 0.1% ε-caprolactam
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
coated
coated
coated
coated
15
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
base oil base oil + 0.1%ε-caprolactam
base oil + 1%ε-caprolactam
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
base oil base oil + 0.1%ε-caprolactam
base oil + 1%ε-caprolactam
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
Effect of concentration ofEffect of concentration of CHNOCHNO compoundscompounds
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
coated
coated
coated
coated
16
AFM results ofAFM results of CHNOCHNO compounds for coated ballscompounds for coated balls
RMS= 314.2 nm RMS= 61.4 nm
1 % ε-caprolactam0.1 % ε-caprolactam
17
Effect of concentration of organicEffect of concentration of organic sulphursulphur compounds on compounds on uncoated elementsuncoated elements
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
bas
e o
il (
PA
O-8
)
bas
e o
il +
0.1
%b
enzy
l d
isu
lfid
e
bas
e o
il +
0.1
%d
iben
zyl
sulf
ide
bas
e o
il +
0.1
%o
ctyl
su
lfid
e
bas
e o
il +
0.1
% 1
-ad
aman
tan
eth
iol
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
bas
e o
il (
PA
O-8
)
bas
e o
il +
1%
wt.
ben
zyl
dis
ulf
ide
bas
e o
il +
1%
wt.
dib
enzy
l su
lfid
e
bas
e o
il +
1%
wt.
oct
yl s
ulf
ide
bas
e o
il +
1%
wt.
1-ad
aman
tan
eth
iol
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
18
Effect of concentration of organicEffect of concentration of organic sulphursulphur compounds on compounds on coated elementscoated elements
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
bas
e o
il (
PA
O-8
)
bas
e o
il +
0.1
%b
enzy
l d
isu
lfid
e
bas
e o
il +
0.1
%d
iben
zyl
sulf
ide
bas
e o
il +
0.1
%o
ctyl
su
lfid
e
bas
e o
il +
0.1
% 1
-ad
aman
tan
eth
iol
Sc
uff
ing
loa
d, P
t [N
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
ba
se
oil
(PA
O-8
)
ba
se
oil
+ 1
%w
t.b
en
zyl d
isu
lfid
e
ba
se
oil
+ 1
%w
t.d
ibe
nzy
l su
lfid
e
ba
se
oil
+ 1
%w
t.o
cty
l su
lfid
e
ba
se
oil
+ 1
%w
t.1
-a
da
ma
nta
ne
thio
l
Scu
ffin
g lo
ad, P
t [N
]
coated
coated
coated
coated
19
Energy [keV]
Cou
nts
Energy [keV]
Cou
nts
0.1% benzyl disulphide 0.1% 1‑adamantanethiol
SEM/EDS results of organicSEM/EDS results of organic sulphur sulphur compoundscompounds for coated ballsfor coated balls
20
Effect of concentration of organicEffect of concentration of organic phosphorusphosphorus compounds compounds on uncoated elementson uncoated elements
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
base oil (PAO-8) base oil + 1% wt.dibenzyl phosphite
base oil + 1% wt.diethyl 1-phenylethyl
phosphonate
Sc
uff
ing
loa
d, P
t [N
]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
base oil (PAO-8) base oil + 0.1% wt.dibenzyl phosphite
base oil + 1% wt.diethyl 1-phenylethyl
phosphonate
Sc
uff
ing
loa
d, P
t [N
]
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
uncoated
21
Effect of concentration of organicEffect of concentration of organic phosphorus phosphorus compounds compounds on coated elementson coated elements
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
base oil (PAO-8) base oil + 1% wt.dibenzyl phosphite
base oil + 1% wt.diethyl 1-phenylethyl
phosphonate
Sc
uff
ing
loa
d, P
t [N
]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
base oil (PAO-8) base oil + 0.1% wt.dibenzyl phosphite
base oil + 0.1% wt.diethyl 1-phenylethyl
phosphonate
Sc
uff
ing
loa
d, P
t [N
]
coated
coated
coated
coated
22
E n e rg y [ke V ]
Co
un
ts
SEM/EDS results of organicSEM/EDS results of organic phosphorus phosphorus compoundscompounds for coated ballsfor coated balls
0.1% dibenzyl phosphite 1% dibenzyl phosphite
23
ConclusionsConclusions
CHOCHO//CHNOCHNO compounds are not effective for preventing the compounds are not effective for preventing the scuffing initiation of a-C:H:W coated ballsscuffing initiation of a-C:H:W coated balls and thus coated and thus coated machine components, for example:machine components, for example:
ComparingComparing oleic acidoleic acid withwith methyl stearatemethyl stearate it is seen that the tested it is seen that the tested system lubricated with PAO-8 includingsystem lubricated with PAO-8 including oleic acidoleic acid generates more generates more smoother surface than that obtained applyingsmoother surface than that obtained applying methylmethyl stearatestearate. . TThe difference might be connected with the polarity of these he difference might be connected with the polarity of these compounds (compounds (oleic acidoleic acid is more polar thanis more polar than methyl stearatemethyl stearate). ).
24
Benzyl disulphideBenzyl disulphide AW/EP model additive with the treat rate up to 1% AW/EP model additive with the treat rate up to 1% wt. increased the scuffing load values for the uncoated steel wt. increased the scuffing load values for the uncoated steel tribosystem, but the increase in concentration of this compound is tribosystem, but the increase in concentration of this compound is harmful for coated balls. harmful for coated balls.
Benzyl disulphideBenzyl disulphide
Only one of organicOnly one of organic sulphursulphur compound (compound (1-adamantanethiol1-adamantanethiol) at ) at 0.1% wt. and 1% wt. concentration, in the base oil, showed an 0.1% wt. and 1% wt. concentration, in the base oil, showed an increase in scuffing load value for a-C:H:W- a-C:H:W increase in scuffing load value for a-C:H:W- a-C:H:W tribosystem.tribosystem.
1-Adamantanethiol1-Adamantanethiol
25
The organicThe organic phosphorusphosphorus compounds at the treat rate of 0.1% and compounds at the treat rate of 0.1% and 1% wt. in the base oil did not show any improvement in scuffing 1% wt. in the base oil did not show any improvement in scuffing load values for the coated balls.load values for the coated balls.
On the other hand, the increasing concentration of theseOn the other hand, the increasing concentration of these phosphorus phosphorus compounds compounds containing in the base oil, improved the containing in the base oil, improved the scuffing initiation for the steel‑steel tribosystem.scuffing initiation for the steel‑steel tribosystem.
26
Thank you!Thank you!
TRIBOCHEMIATRIBOCHEMIAWarsztaty TribologiczneWarsztaty Tribologiczne
Radom, 29-05-2008Radom, 29-05-2008
Dziękuję bardzo za uwagę!Dziękuję bardzo za uwagę!
The effect of model compounds The effect of model compounds on load-carrying capacity on load-carrying capacity
of a-C:H:W coated elementsof a-C:H:W coated elements
Mihaela Vlad
Czesław Kajdas, Remigiusz Michalczewski
TRIBOCHEMIATRIBOCHEMIAWarsztaty TribologiczneWarsztaty Tribologiczne
Radom, 29-05-2008Radom, 29-05-2008
