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![Page 1: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the
Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement
of Elementary School Students in Grades 3
through 5 Goucher College
Graduate Programs in Education
Kristina Gillmeister
![Page 2: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background
• National crisis in mathematics achievement
• A call for greater devotion to fundamentals
• National cuts in music and art programs
![Page 3: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Statement of Hypothesis
• The research hypothesis was that students who received instrumental music instruction were predicted to have a higher level of mathematics achievement as measured by their performance on the Maryland School Assessments (MSA) than those who did not receive instrumental music instruction.
![Page 4: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Statement of Hypothesis
• Within Grade Comparisons
• Total Music Instruction Comparisons
• Null hypotheses were created to test the statistical significance of each comparison where it was stated that there would be no difference in scores between the groups being compared.
![Page 5: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Literature Review
• Relationships between mathematics and music– Biological– Skill Sets– Academic
![Page 6: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Methods
• Design– Causal-Comparative– Within grade comparisons– Total music instruction comparison
• Variables– Independent: participation in and years of
instrumental music instruction – Dependent: mathematics achievement on the
Maryland School Assessments (MSA) in mathematics
– Control: students with no music– Experimental: students with 1+ years music
![Page 7: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Methods
• Participants– 240 5th grade students– 3 schools in Northern Anne Arundel
County– Variety of school characteristics
• Instrument – MSA in mathematics
![Page 8: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Methods
• Procedure– Identify students– Gather test and demographic data– Statistical analysis of data for two
comparisons– Determine significance of comparisons
![Page 9: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Results• Within Grade Comparisons
Scale Score by Grade
3rd 4th 5th400
420
440
460
No MusicMusic
*** * ***
A.
Test Year
MS
A S
core
![Page 10: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Results• Within Grade Comparisons
Algebra/Patterns Subscore by Grade
3rd 4th 5th400
420
440
460
480
500
No MusicMusic
*** ns **
B.
Test Grade
MS
A S
core
Geometry/Measurement Subscore by Grade
3rd 4th 5th400
420
440
460
480
500
No MusicMusic
* * ***
C.
Test Year
MSA
Sco
re
Statistics/Probability Subscore by Grade
3rd 4th 5th400
420
440
460
480
500
** ns ***
MusicNo Music
D.
Test Grade
MSA
Sco
re
Number Concepts/Computation Subscore by Grade
3rd 4th 5th400
420
440
460
480
500
n.d.
ns **
No MusicMusic
E.
Test Grade
MSA
Sco
re
Process of Mathematics Subscore by Grade
3rd 4th 5th400
420
440
460
480
500
** * ***
No MusicMusic
F.
Test Grade
MSA
Sco
re
![Page 11: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Results
• Total Music Instruction Comparisons5th Grade Scale Score
400
410
420
430
440
450
ns
*
***
A.
Instrumental Music Instruction
MS
A S
co
re
![Page 12: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Results
• Total Music Instruction Comparisons5th Grade Algebra/Patterns Subscore
400
410
420
430
440
450
ns
ns*
B.
Instrumental Music Instruction
MS
A S
co
re5th Grade Geometry/Measurement Subscore
400
410
420
430
440
450
ns
ns
***
C.
Instrumental Music Instruction
MS
A S
core
5th Grade Statistics/Probability Subscore
400
410
420
430
440
450
ns
*
***
D.
Instrumental Music Instruction
MS
A S
core
5th Grade Number Concepts/Computation Subscore
400
410
420
430
440
450
nsns
***
E.
Instrumental Music Instruction
MS
A S
core
5th Grade Process of Mathematics Subscore
400
410
420
430
440
450
ns
*
***
F.
Instrumental Music Instruction
MS
A S
core
![Page 13: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Discussion
• Research hypothesis was supported• Within Grade Comparisons
- Null hypothesis rejected in many cases- Mean score higher in all cases- Greatest significance in grades 3 and 5
• Total Music Instruction Comparison- Null hypothesis rejected in many cases- Mean score increased as number of years of
music instruction increased in all cases- Greatest significance with 3 years
![Page 14: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Discussion
- Threats to Validity- Self-selection- Accessible population
- Future Work- Larger sample (number of students and
sets of classes) with random assignment
- Disaggregated data by No Child Left Behind subgroups
![Page 15: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Discussion
• Implications– Weakens arguments against
instrumental music programs– Fewer cuts in programs where skill sets
apply across disciplines– Maintain America’s status as leader
and innovator in mathematics
![Page 16: The Effect of Instrumental Music Instruction on the Standardized Mathematics Assessment Achievement of Elementary School Students in Grades 3 through 5.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5514fe4c550346a80c8b529f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Questions and Acknowledgements
• Dr. Adam Milam, Ms. Bess Rose• Amy Cohn, Deborah Derrickson, Christopher
Lerch, Mary Ferguson and the Division of Accountability, Assessment and Research from Anne Arundel County Public Schools
• Professors and fellow students in the Goucher Graduate Programs in Education
• My husband, Michael, my family and friends