The Earth’s Natural Regions. EARTH'S NATURAL REGIONS The Earth supports a wide diversity of...
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Transcript of The Earth’s Natural Regions. EARTH'S NATURAL REGIONS The Earth supports a wide diversity of...
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The The Earth’s Earth’s Natural Natural RegionsRegions
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EARTH'S NATURAL REGIONS
The Earth supports a wide diversity of biomes: tundra, taiga, temperate forest, grasslands, savanna, desert, montane,
tropical dry forest, tropical rain forest, and islands.
Tundra
TaigaTaiga
Temperate Forest
Grasslands
SavannaSavannaDesert
MontaneMontane
Tropical Dry ForestTropical
Dry Forest
Tropical Rain
Forest
Islands
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Definitions - Biome• An ecosystem dominated by a large vegetation
formation, whose boundaries are largely determined by the climate. (Krough)
• A major type of ecosystem that covers a large geographic region. (Campbell)
• A complex of ecological communities characterized by a distinctive type of vegetation, as determined by the climate. (Wallace)
• One of several types of terrestrial ecosystems. (Lewis)
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Our Definition of Biome
A biome is an ecosystem complex defined by its vegetation and
comprising a geographic region.
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Definition - Ecosystem
A community of living things and the physical environment with which they interact. (Krough)
• All the organisms in a given area, along with the non-living (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment. (Campbell)
• The biotic and abiotic factors of an ecological community considered together. Wallace)
• All organisms and their non-living environment in an area. (Lewis)
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Abiotic Characteristics
Those non-living features or characteristics that influence or otherwise impact the
living organisms in an area.
WaterWater
BedrockBedrock ClimateClimate
WindWind FireFire
Total area and shape
Protective formations
Proximity to
urbanization
Total area and shape
Protective formations
Proximity to
urbanization
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Keogh Campbell Wallace Lewis
Aquatic
Chaparral X X X
Coniferous forest X
Desert x X X X
Freshwater X (Ecosystem)
Marine X (Ecosystem)
Mountains X X
Polar Ice X
Savanna X X
Taiga(Northern, Boreal Forests)
X X X
Temperate Deciduous Forest
X
Temperate forest X X X
Temperate GrasslandPrairie, steppes, pampas, veldt)
X X X
Tropical Forest X
Tropical rainforest X X X
Tropical Savanna X
Tundra X X X X
Grassland / Savanna Woodland
X
Tropical Dry Forest X
Other X
Montane
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Aquatic – Freshwater and Marine
Desert
Grasslands – Savanna, prairie, steppe, and pampas
Forests – Coniferous, northern boreal, Forests – Coniferous, northern boreal, deciduous, and tropicaldeciduous, and tropical
Mountain / MontaneMountain / Montane
Tundra
Islands? - Mountain? Aquatic?
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TundraTundra
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THE FROZEN PRAIRIE
This biome circles the globe at the This biome circles the globe at the highest northern latitudes and often highest northern latitudes and often has temperatures of -50F.has temperatures of -50F.
This frigid biome circles the globe at the This frigid biome circles the globe at the highest northern latitudes, between highest northern latitudes, between the taiga (to its south) and the permanent the taiga (to its south) and the permanent ice circling the North Pole. Tundra covers ice circling the North Pole. Tundra covers about one-fifth of the Earth's land surface; about one-fifth of the Earth's land surface; and winter temperatures are so cold, often and winter temperatures are so cold, often dipping to -50F, that trees find it impossible dipping to -50F, that trees find it impossible to grow. For this reason, some people to grow. For this reason, some people comment that the tundra looks like a comment that the tundra looks like a frozen prairie. frozen prairie.
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In many regions of the tundra the deeper In many regions of the tundra the deeper layers of soil remain frozen throughout the layers of soil remain frozen throughout the year – a condition called year – a condition called permafrostpermafrost -- and -- and only the surface thaws during the brief only the surface thaws during the brief summer. This tough combination of harsh summer. This tough combination of harsh climate, lack climate, lack of nutrients, and of nutrients, and sparse soil team up sparse soil team up to make it very hard to make it very hard for plants to grow.for plants to grow.
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Bare rock and Bare rock and scoured soils are scoured soils are everywhere in areas everywhere in areas exposed by the exposed by the withdrawal of withdrawal of massive glaciers massive glaciers after the last Ice Age. after the last Ice Age.
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Montane
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Montane
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Desert
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Grasslands and Savanna
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Temperate Forest
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The temperate forest biome
Northern hemisphere
Mid-latitudes in eastern North America, western Europe, and eastern Asia.
Southern hemisphere
South America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.
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Temperate forests are highly seasonal, trees are mostly deciduous -- dropping their leaves in the fall
Lower latitudes, where more broad-leaved evergreen species thrive, look somewhat like the tropical dry forest.
To the north, temperate forests blend into the pines and firs of the taiga.
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Tropical Forest (Rainforests and Dry
Tropical)
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STRUCTURE AND FERTILITY
Tropical rain forests are layered
Adapted to survive on poor soils.
Tree growth is luxuriant in this biome
Canopy trees reaching 100 – 200 feet
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Definitions - Biosphere• The interactive collection of all the world’s
ecosystems. Also, that portion of the Earth that supports life. (Keogh)
• The global ecosystem; that portion of the Earth that is alive; all of life and where it lives. (Campbell)
• The entire part of the Earth’s land, soil, waters, and the atmosphere in which living organisms are found. (Wallace)
• The ecosystem of the entire planet. (Lewis)
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Biosphere
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Definition - Habitat
• The surroundings in which individuals of a species are normally found. (Keogh)
• A place where an organism lives; an environmental situation in which an organism lives (Campbell)
• The physical place where an organism lives (Lewis)
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References and Resources
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/tundra.html#alp
http://www.pbs.org/kteh/cadillacdesert/home.htmlCadillac Deserts – PBS
http://www.miragemall.com/desertjpegs/imagesf.htmImages