CO: Earth Systems Science LO: Identify and describe Earth’s four spheres. Earth’s Spheres….. 1.
The Earth as a System Earth’s Spheres. Earth System Science (ESS) The study of the interactions...
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Transcript of The Earth as a System Earth’s Spheres. Earth System Science (ESS) The study of the interactions...
The Earth as a System
The Earth as a System
Earth’s SpheresEarth’s Spheres
Earth System Science (ESS)Earth System Science (ESS)
• The study of the interactions between and among events and Earth’s spheres
• A relatively new science (1988)
• The study of the interactions between and among events and Earth’s spheres
• A relatively new science (1988)
Earth’s SpheresEarth’s Spheres
• Atmosphere• Hydrosphere• Geosphere• Biosphere• Cryosphere
• Atmosphere• Hydrosphere• Geosphere• Biosphere• Cryosphere
AtmosphereAtmosphere• All the gases that
surround the Earth.
• 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gases
The Greenhouse Effect in the Atmosphere
keeps us warm.
• All the gases that surround the Earth.
• 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gases
The Greenhouse Effect in the Atmosphere
keeps us warm.
HydrosphereHydrosphere• All of the liquid
water on Earth
• 71% of the earth is covered by water.
• 3% is fresh• 1% is drinkable
• All of the liquid water on Earth
• 71% of the earth is covered by water.
• 3% is fresh• 1% is drinkable
Geosphere (Lithosphere)Geosphere (Lithosphere)
• The Earth's solid surface, called the crust.
• includes continental & oceanic crust.
• Also includes Earth's interior.
• The Earth's solid surface, called the crust.
• includes continental & oceanic crust.
• Also includes Earth's interior.
BiosphereBiosphere• All life on earth,
including man, and all organisms.
• This life zone on our planet distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system.
• The majority of all life dwells in the ocean .
• All life on earth, including man, and all organisms.
• This life zone on our planet distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system.
• The majority of all life dwells in the ocean .
CryosphereCryosphere
• The portion of the Earth's surface where water is in a solid form
• Snow or ice: includes glaciers, ice shelves, snow, icebergs.
• 2% of all the water on Earth is frozen.
• Is an indicator of the level of Global Warming
• The portion of the Earth's surface where water is in a solid form
• Snow or ice: includes glaciers, ice shelves, snow, icebergs.
• 2% of all the water on Earth is frozen.
• Is an indicator of the level of Global Warming
Interconnected SpheresInterconnected Spheres
• Spheres are closely connected• Changes are often chain reactions
• A change in one sphere results in changes in others - called an event– Forest fire destroys plants in an area
• Interactions between spheres– No plants => erosion – Soil in water => increased turbidity– Turbidity => impacts water plants/animals
• Spheres are closely connected• Changes are often chain reactions
• A change in one sphere results in changes in others - called an event– Forest fire destroys plants in an area
• Interactions between spheres– No plants => erosion – Soil in water => increased turbidity– Turbidity => impacts water plants/animals
Event <=> SphereEvent <=> Sphere
• Causes & Effects
• Interactions
• Event <=>Sphere• Sphere<=>Sphere
• Causes & Effects
• Interactions
• Event <=>Sphere• Sphere<=>Sphere
ESS AnalysisESS Analysis
• Events– Cause-effect events– Interactions– Natural events
• Earthquake, hurricane, forest fires
– Human caused events• Oil spill, air pollution, construction
• Events– Cause-effect events– Interactions– Natural events
• Earthquake, hurricane, forest fires
– Human caused events• Oil spill, air pollution, construction
ESS Analysis ESS Analysis
• What spheres caused the event? Sphere Event
• What are effects of the event on the spheres?
Event Spheres
• How do changes in one sphere impact on other spheres?
Sphere Sphere
• What spheres caused the event? Sphere Event
• What are effects of the event on the spheres?
Event Spheres
• How do changes in one sphere impact on other spheres?
Sphere Sphere
Understanding Interactions
Understanding Interactions
• Global implications• Helps people predict outcomes
• Preparation for natural disasters• Environmental impacts of human
activities
• Global implications• Helps people predict outcomes
• Preparation for natural disasters• Environmental impacts of human
activities
ESS AnalysisESS Analysis
• An Example - handout– Yellowstone Forest Fire
• Group activity– Mt St Helen’s eruption, 1980– Hurricane Andrew, 1992
• An Example - handout– Yellowstone Forest Fire
• Group activity– Mt St Helen’s eruption, 1980– Hurricane Andrew, 1992