The Earth and Its Peoples 3 rd edition Chapter 25 Africa, India, and the New British Empire,...

The Earth and Its Peoples

3rd edition

Chapter 25

Africa, India, and the New British

Empire,1750-1870

Cover Slide

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Asian laborers in British GuineaThe manager of this sugar estate in British Guiana reposes on the near end of the gallery of his house with the proprietor's attorney. At the other end of the gallery European overseers review the plantation's record books. In the yard, cups of lifeblood are being drained from bound Chinese and Indian laborers. This allegorical drawing by a Chinese laborer in the nineteenth century represents the exploitation of Asian laborers by Europeans. (Boston Athenaeum)

Asian laborers in British Guinea


British and Sikh leaders meetingThe Sikh kingdom in the Punjab fell to the British in a brief war in 1845-1846. This painting depicts the British and Sikh representatives negotiating the resulting treaty, which gave Britain control of the region. (Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum)

British and Sikh leaders meeting


British Mem-SahibLady Mary was the wife of Sir Elijah Impey, Chief Justice of Bengal from 1774 to 1782. An enthusiast of painting, she commissioned a series of natural history paintings that rival the paintings of the Mughal school. In this portrait--probably by Shaykh Zayn-al-Din--Lady Mary is preoccupied with her milliner, who offers an elegant hat. In her comfortably formal salon that mixes Indian and European decor, she is surrounded by various Indian servants including an Anglo-Indian butler in English livery, a colorfully dressed page, and the gardener with his daily offering of flowers and vegetables. (The Art Archive)

British Mem-Sahib


British proclamation to AboriginesAffixed to trees in rural areas of Australia, this poster (ca. 1830) was intended to convey to the Australian Aborigines the message that the European settlers wanted to be their friends and the settler government would punish murders of either race with equal severity. The poster failed to produce mutual trust. (Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery)

British proclamation to Aborigines


Convicts depart for Botany BayIn 1786, the British Cabinet approved the establishment of a penal colony at Botany Bay, so named by Captain Cook, the English explorer who had discovered this bay in Australia. The English printmaker and caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827) used ink and watercolor wash to sketch this scene of convicts embarking for Botany Bay. In the background the gibbet with hanging felons shows the legal alternative to transportation to Australia. (National Library of Australia, Canberra)

Convicts depart for Botany Bay


Indian railroad stationIn this charming painting of an Indian railroad station in 1866, travelers of every social class mill around on the platform. British India built the largest network of railroads in Asia. (Eyre & Hobhouse Art Gallery)

Indian railroad station


Jaja founds Opobo, 1869This talented man rose from slavery in the Niger Delta port of Bonny to head one of the town's major palm-oil trading firms, the Anna Pepple House, in 1863. Six years later, Jaja founded and ruled his own trading port of Opobo. (Reproduced from Michael Crowder, West Africa: An Introduction to Its History, by courtesy of the publishers, Addison Wesley Longman)

Jaja founds Opobo, 1869


Tewodros's mighty cannon

Tewodros's mighty cannonLike other modernizers in the nineteenth century, Emperor Tewodros of Ethiopia sought to reform his military forces. In 1861 he forced resident European missionaries and craftsmen to build guns and cannon, including this 7-ton behemoth nicknamed "Sebastapol" after the Black Sea port that had been the center of the Crimean War. It took 500 men to haul the cannon across Ethiopia's hilly terrain. (From Hormuzd Rassam, Narrative of the British Mission to Theodore, King of Abyssinia, II, London 1869)


Zulu regimental camp under ShakaUnder the leadership of the founder of the Zulu kingdom, an upstart military genius named Shaka (r. 1818-1828), young men from across the kingdom were gathered together in Zulu regimental camps, where they learned the arts of war and military discipline. In the center of the camp youths are performing a dance. Note the neat rows of "beehive" sleeping huts, the cattle enclosure in the upper right of the center, and the horses at the lower left--probably owned by European visitors. The Zulu became the most powerful and most feared fighters in southern Africa. (National Archives, Zimbabwe)

Zulu regimental camp under Shaka


Map: European Possessions in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, 1870

European Possessions in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, 1870After 1750, French and British competition for new territories generally expanded the European presence established earlier by the Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch. By 1870 the British controlled much of India, were settling Australia and New Zealand, and possessed important trading enclaves throughout the region. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


Map: India, 1707-1805

India, 1707-1805As Mughal power weakened during the eighteenth century, other Indian states and the British East India Company expanded their territories. (Copyright (c) Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.)


The Earth and Its Peoples 3 rd edition Chapter 25 Africa, India, and the New British Empire,...

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