The Dynamic Earth Section 2DO NOW: COPY THIS IN COMP DO NOW: COPY THIS IN COMP

BOOKBOOKObjectives:Objectives:

DescribeDescribe the Earth’s atmosphere. the Earth’s atmosphere. IdentifyIdentify three methods of heat transfer.three methods of heat transfer.ExplainExplain the greenhouse effect. the greenhouse effect.

Key Terms:Key Terms:OzoneOzoneRadiationRadiationConductionConductionConvectionConvectionGreenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Key TermsKey Terms

OzoneOzone

RadiationRadiation

ConductionConduction

ConvectionConvection

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

The AtmosphereThe Atmosphere

Mixture of gases that Mixture of gases that surround Earth.surround Earth.

Gases can be added to Gases can be added to and removed through:and removed through:

living organismsliving organisms

volcanic eruptionsvolcanic eruptions

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

The AtmosphereThe Atmosphere

Insulates Earth’s surface.Insulates Earth’s surface.

Regulates Earth’s temperature allowing living Regulates Earth’s temperature allowing living organisms to survive.organisms to survive.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Composition of the AtmosphereComposition of the Atmosphere

NN22 – Most abundant – Most abundant

gasgas from volcanoes and from volcanoes and

decay.decay.

OO22 – Second most – Second most

abundant gasabundant gas mostly by plants.mostly by plants.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Composition of the AtmosphereComposition of the Atmosphere

Other gases Other gases argonargon carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide methanemethane water vaporwater vapor

Also contains particulates.Also contains particulates.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Air Pressure in AtmosphereAir Pressure in Atmosphere

Atmosphere is denser near the Earth’s surface Atmosphere is denser near the Earth’s surface due to gravity.due to gravity.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Layers of the AtmosphereLayers of the Atmosphere

TroposphereTroposphere

StratosphereStratosphere

MesosphereMesosphere

ThermosphereThermosphere

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Layers of the AtmosphereLayers of the Atmosphere

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

TroposphereTroposphere

Temperature drops as Temperature drops as altitude increases.altitude increases.

Weather conditions Weather conditions exist hereexist here

Most dense layerMost dense layer

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

StratosphereStratosphere

Above troposphere Above troposphere

Temperature drops as Temperature drops as altitude increases altitude increases

Ozone layer is Ozone layer is contained in contained in stratosphere.stratosphere.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Stratosphere - OzoneStratosphere - Ozone

OzoneOzone = O = O33..

Absorbs UV radiationAbsorbs UV radiation

Reduces radiation Reduces radiation that reaches Earth. that reaches Earth.

UV radiation UV radiation damages cells.damages cells.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

MesosphereMesosphere

Above the Above the stratosphere.stratosphere.

Coldest layer of Coldest layer of atmosphereatmosphere Temperatures can Temperatures can

reach –93ºC.reach –93ºC.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

ThermosphereThermosphereNN22 and O and O22 absorb solar absorb solar

radiationradiation

2,000+ ºC.2,000+ ºC.

Atoms become charged Atoms become charged (ions)(ions)Lower layer - ionosphereLower layer - ionosphere

Ions radiate energy as Ions radiate energy as light (Northern Lights)light (Northern Lights)

Least dense layerLeast dense layer

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Northern LightsNorthern Lights

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Graphic OrganizerGraphic Organizer

Layer of the Layer of the AtmosphereAtmosphere CharacteristicsCharacteristics

The Dynamic Earth Section 2Energy Transfer in the Energy Transfer in the

AtmosphereAtmosphereRadiationRadiation - energy - energy transferred directly transferred directly through space.through space.

Example: SunlightExample: Sunlight

The Dynamic Earth Section 2Energy Transfer in the Energy Transfer in the

AtmosphereAtmosphereConductionConduction - energy - energy transferred as heat transferred as heat through a material.through a material.

Example: spoon in a Example: spoon in a cup of soupcup of soup

The Dynamic Earth Section 2Energy Transfer in the Energy Transfer in the

AtmosphereAtmosphereConvectionConvection - - movement of matter movement of matter due to differences in due to differences in temperaturetemperature results in transfer of results in transfer of

energy as heat.energy as heat.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2The Movement of Energy in the The Movement of Energy in the

AtmosphereAtmosphereAir currents - caused Air currents - caused by differences in by differences in temperature (density) temperature (density) in atmosphere.in atmosphere.

The continual cycling The continual cycling of warm/cool air (or of warm/cool air (or water) = convection water) = convection current.current.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2Energy Transfer in the Energy Transfer in the

AtmosphereAtmosphere

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Heating of the AtmosphereHeating of the Atmosphere

Solar energy reaches Earth as Solar energy reaches Earth as electromagnetic radiationelectromagnetic radiation

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Heating of the AtmosphereHeating of the Atmosphere

Oceans and land Oceans and land radiate absorbed radiate absorbed energy back into the energy back into the atmosphere. atmosphere.

Dark objects absorb Dark objects absorb more solar radiation more solar radiation than light objects.than light objects.

The Dynamic Earth Section 2

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

Sunlight penetrates Sunlight penetrates atmosphere (warms atmosphere (warms surface of Earth).surface of Earth).

Greenhouse gases (COGreenhouse gases (CO22, , methane, and nitrous methane, and nitrous oxide) and water vapor oxide) and water vapor absorb some radiation absorb some radiation (rest is lost to space).(rest is lost to space).Causes warming of the Causes warming of the surface and lower surface and lower atmosphere of Earthatmosphere of EarthNecessary for life to exist.Necessary for life to exist.