PUBLIC VERSION

The Director-Operations 3

Anti-Dumping Commission

GOO Box 1632

Melbourne VIC 3001

Australia

Comments on Preliminary Affirmative Determination related to Anti-Dumping

and Anti-Subsidy Investigations into grinding balls exported to Australia from

the People’s Republic of China

We are Anhui Sanfang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., a Chinese producer of

Casting Grinding Balls (“CGB”).

On 17th

November, 2015, Australia Antidumping Commission (the “Commission”)

initiated the antidumping and countervailing investigation into grinding balls

produced and exported from China, Goods Under Consideration (“GUC”) are:

Ferrous grinding balls, whether or not containing alloys, cast or forged, with

diameters in the range 22mm to 170mm (inclusive). The goods are currently classified

to tariff subheadings 7325.91.00 (statistical code 26) and 7326.11.00 (statistical code

29) in Schedule 3 to the Customs Tariff Act 1995.

On 21 April, 2016, the Commission published “Preliminary Affirmative

Determination and Imposition of securities (ANTI-DUMPING NOTICE NO.

2016/45), which affirms the existence of dumping and subsidies and imposition of

corresponding duties, and this Notice also invites interested parties to submit

comments on the determination.

We made no sales of grinding balls into Australia during the investigation period,

however, we did export grinding balls after the investigation period. The preliminary

determination has caused great adverse impacts on our exports of grinding balls,

especially the controversial and questionable determination that high-alloy Casting

Grinding Balls (“CGB”) and Forged Grinding Balls (“FGB”) being deemed as same

products covered by the investigation.

Therefore, we bring up our comments on the issues of identification of Goods Under

Consideration (“GUC”), and request the exclusion of high-alloy Casting Grinding

PUBLIC VERSION

Balls products from GUC or re-calculate antidumping and countervailing duties for

Casting Grinding Balls. The reasons are as follows:

1， The raw materials, production process, production equipment, inspection and cost

structure of CGB are totally different with those of FGB products;

2， The two Australian petitioners do not produce CGB products, nor have any

related production equipment and machinery, and all of four Chinese companies

participating in the investigation also do not produce CGB products nor have any

relevant equipment and technology;

3， The product price components of Latin American countries selected as surrogate

country for determining normal value of PUC does not include any cost or sales price

of cast grinding balls;

4， Due to differences on characteristics and uses, CGB didn’t and would not cause

any damages to Australia domestic industry. However, with antidumping and

countervailing duties being imposed now and in the future, Australia's downstream

industries will have to purchase CGB products from other countries which would

definitely increase their production costs. Due to the differences between the said two

types of grinding balls, FGB products couldn’t be used as substitutes of CGB products,

therefore, the downstream users wouldn’t consider the FGB products produced by

local Australian enterprises.

Below are the further analysis for above arguments:

1. Firstly, the Commission noted in “STATEMENT OF ESSENTIAL FACTS

NO. 316 and PRELIMINARY AFFIRMATIVE DETERMINATION NO. 316”

(“SEF”) the submission raised by CITIC Heavy Industries Company Australia

Pty Ltd (“CITIC”) that high chromium grinding balls should not be covered by

current investigation. However, SEF further wrote that

“In relation to these submission, the commission notes that verification

visits were undertaken to both applicants as well as two exporters of

grinding balls, and that the production process was observed at each site.

The locally produced goods are produce from both arc furnace (EAF) and

BOF steel. The commission was satisfied the goods and the locally

produced goods are manufactured in a similar manner.”

PUBLIC VERSION

We are advised from the SEF that the Commission performed on-site verifications on

both Changshu Longte Grinding Ball Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu xingcheng Special Steel

Co., Ltd., however, we would like to draw your attention to the key fact that two

companies are producers of FGB products while high chromium grinding balls are

produced with casting method, which means two companies being verified don’t

produce CGB and don’t retain relevant equipment for production of CGB, and

differences between high chromium grinding balls and common grind balls couldn’t

be fully attributed to the differences between EAF and BOF.

As a matter of fact, high chromium grinding balls, also known as Casting Grinding

Balls, is a completely different kind of product with common grinding balls from

materials used, production process, and production equipment etc., which make

manufacturing cost of the two products not comparable.

1.1 Differences in raw materials

Materials used in the production of FGB are high-quality steel bars (grinding bar),

while CGB are made of scrap steel. It is simply to arrive that CGB are fundamentally

different with FGB whether from sources and prices of raw materials, or physical

properties of raw materials.

Please refer to the Attachment 1 Trial Balance and Attachment 2 Pictures of Waste

Steel and Other Alloys, which clearly indicate that accounts of raw materials are

waste steels and other alloys.

As the raw materials are significantly different, the market prices and the cost

structures between the high chromium CGBs and FGBs are completely different.

On the other hand, the SEF mentioned another supporting fact of our arguments that

waste steels have also been used by Moly-Cop, one of petitioners, as primary

materials, however, waste steels have to be manufactured to grinding bar before being

used as direct materials of grinding ball, that is apparently different with the

production of CGBs for which the waste steels are direct materials.

1.2 Differences in the production process and production equipment

The production technologies are different for high chromium CGBs and forged ball,

as the cast balls use scrap steels as direct raw materials, and alloys needed to be added

in the production process. Therefore, the production process for the high chromium

PUBLIC VERSION

CGBs is to firstly melt the waste steels and alloys in high temperature, and then to be

directly formed into shape. Manufacturing of grinding bar is not necessary for the

whole process.

FGBs are basically made with formed steel bars as raw material, which are made into

grinding balls upon forging.

The raw materials and production processes between both are significantly different,

and their production technologies are completely different. Therefore, the production

equipment is also completely different, so that the casting production lines can’t

produce FGBs, and the forging production equipment can’t produce CGBs.

Please refer to Attachment 3 Production Flowchart.

As described above, both of two Chinese producers verified only be able to produce

common FGBs, not high chromium CGBs, how could the SEF conclude the

production of the two types of grinding balls are similar ?

1.3 Differences on inspection

Due to different alloy composition, testing index of high chromium CGBs produced

by our company is far different from common grinding balls under investigation, and

there are independent and separate industry standards not only in China but also in the

international area.

Please refer to:

Attachment 4 Inspection Sheet for the company

Attachment 5 China Black Metallurgy Industry Standards for Forging Grinding

Balls

Attachment 6 China Black Metallurgy Industry Standards for Casting Grinding

Balls

1.4 Difference in production use.

The investigating authority initially determined in the preliminary ruling that the uses

of the casting balls and the forged balls are basically the same.

But the fact is that the casting balls and the forged balls have different uses. The

forged balls can replace casting balls to some extent, but from the characteristics of

the product itself, the casting balls are more suitable for grinding ores of smaller lump

PUBLIC VERSION

size, therefore mainly used for grinders in diameter of 1.5-3.8m, while the forged

balls are mainly applied to large-sized grinder and used for grinding ores of larger

lump size.

It should be particularly noted that due to poor toughness, the casting balls can’t

replace the function of forged ball. For this reason, the casting balls exported to

Australia from China can’t be used as substitutes for forged balls domestically

produced by local producers, nor cause any material damages to the Australian

industry.

2. The two Australian petitioners don’t produce cast grinding balls nor

have any related production equipment and machinery, the four Chinese

companies involved in the defense do not produce any cast grinding ball nor have

any related equipment and technology;

Casting balls are not produced in Australia, and the application and preliminary ruling

reports have both pointed out that two manufacturers in Australia only produced

forged balls. Therefore, interests for downstream users of CGBs would be sacrificed

with no benefits to domestic industry, since Australian producers don’t maintain

production line for high chromium CGBs and don’t produce and supply high

chromium CGBs

Furthermore, to our knowledge, the four Chinese companies involved in the defense

only produced forged balls, and the investigating officers made on-site visits to two of

the four companies for verification. The Commission came to the conclusion that the

forged ball and the cast ball were the same product simply based on the data and

documents of the two forged ball manufacturers without fully verifying the raw

materials, production technology, and production equipment for the production of

casting balls, and that is against basic principles for anti-dumping investigations.

3. The product price components of Latin American countries selected as

surrogate country for determining normal value of PUC does not include any

cost or sales price of cast grinding balls;

According to 5.8 in SEF, the Commission converts FOB export price from Latin

American countries to price of steel bars, and noticed the fact that Chinese producers

also purchase steel bars as materials, not waste steel. While the Commission fails to

consider costs of waste steels which are different from those of steel bars when

PUBLIC VERSION

calculating Normal Value for CGBs. Therefore, it is our belief that the determination

of the normal value for casting balls based on costs and sales prices of forged ball

products did not meet the principles determined by WTO Antidumping Agreements

that comparison shall be made on same type and specification.

4. In summary, given that the CGBs and FGBs are essentially two distinct

products. In particular, CGBs could not be used as substitutes for FGBs locally

manufactured in Australia due to its product features. In term of uses, CGBs

neither caused any damages to interests of domestic industry for FGBs. While

due to the difference between the said two products, downstream users will not

use FGBs locally produced by Australia producers, rather seek other sources of

imports once the imports of CGBs from China is to be restricted, and that would

increase production costs of downstream users of CGBs

It should also be noted that due to the fact that no producers of high chromium CGBs

either in China or in Australia have yet participated with this investigation, the

Commission didn’t get access to the differences existed in the production process for

CGBs and FGBs. Therefore, we sincerely suggest that the Commission, hear our

comments, make deep investigations, hold public hearing or perform on-site

verifications if possible, to determine whether CGBs and FGBs are similar products,

whether they are substitutes, and exclude high chromium grinding balls out of the

scope for goods under consideration.

Anhui Sanfang New Material Technology Co., Ltd.

10th May 2016

PUBLIC VERSION

Attachment List

Attachment 2 Pictures of Waste Steel and Other Alloys

Attachment 5 China Black Metallurgy Industry Standards for Forging Grinding Balls

Attachment 6 China Black Metallurgy Industry Standards for Casting Grinding Balls

Note:

English translation of Attachment 5 and 6 has not provided since contents of Attachment

5 and 6 are not necessary for understanding of the comments.

Attachment 1, 3 and 4 contain business confidential information, disclosure of which

may harm business interests of the company, and they are not susceptible for public

summary.

Ics刀，140.99

H 54

yu中华人民共和国黑色冶金行业标准

YB/T 091-2005代替YB/T 091-1996

锻(轧)钢球

Forging (rolling) steel grinding balls

2005-07-26发布 200x12-01实施

中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会 发 布

China Black Metallurgy Industry Standards for Forging Grinding Balls

YB/T 091-2005

月A 舌

本标准参照各企业标准和国外的有关企业技术数据，在YB/T 091-1996((锻(轧)钢球》的基础上修订而成。

本标准代替YB/T 091-1996《锻(轧)钢球》。

本标准此次修订对下列主要技术内容进行了修改:

新增高碳低合金钢锻(轧)钢球的内容;

删除了原标准中有关贝氏体空冷钢球的内容;

— 调整了原牌号的某些化学成分;

— 调整了某些力学性能;

— 增加了附录A‘落球冲击疲劳寿命试验方法”。 本标准的附录A和附录B为规范性附录。

本标准由中国钢铁工业协会提出。

本标准由冶金工业信息标准研究院归口。

本标准起草单位:中国冶金矿业总公司北京金发工贸公司、四川省西昌龙形钢球厂、鞍钢矿山研究所、冶金工业信息标准研究院。

本标准主要起草人:周鲁生、刘机、程绍良、周平安、张瑞香、王桂娟、李纲。

本标准1996年首次发布。

YB/T 091-2005

锻(轧)钢球

1 范 围

本标准规定了锻(轧)钢球的术语、分类、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、包装、标志和质量证明书。

本标准适用于冶金工业湿式(或干式)磨矿用的锻(轧)钢球。

2 规范性引用文件

下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的

修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是

否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。 GB/T 223. 3 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 二安替毗琳甲烷磷钥酸重量法测定磷量 GB/T 223.5 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 还原型硅钥酸盐光度法测定酸溶硅含量

GB/T 223. 11钢铁及合金化学分析方法 过硫酸馁氧化容量法测定铬量 GB/T 223.13钢铁及合金化学分析方法 硫酸亚铁馁滴定法测定钒含量

GB/T 223.14钢铁及合金化学分析方法 担试剂萃取光度法测定钒含量 GB/T 223.15钢铁及合金化学分析方法 重量法测定钦

GB/T 223.16钢铁及合金化学分析方法 变色酸光度法测定钦量

GB/T 223.17钢铁及合金化学分析方法 二安替毗琳甲烷光度法测定钦量 GB/T 223. 58钢铁及合金化学分析方法 亚砷酸钠一亚硝酸钠滴定法测定锰量

GB/T 223. 59钢铁及合金化学分析方法 锑磷钥蓝光度法测定磷量 GB/T 223. 60 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 高氯酸脱水重量法测定硅含量

GB/T 223. 61钢铁及合金化学分析方法 磷铝酸按容量法测定磷量 GB/T 223. 62 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 乙酸丁醋萃取光度法测定磷量

GB/T 223. 63 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 高碘酸钠(钾)光度法测定锰量

GB/T 223. 64 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锰量 GB/T 223.67 钢铁及合金化学分析方法 还原蒸馏一次甲基蓝光度法测定硫量

GB/T 223. 68钢铁及合金化学分析方法 管式炉内燃烧后碘酸钾滴定法测定硫含量 GB/T 223.69钢铁及合金化学分析方法 管式炉内燃烧后气体容量法测定碳含量

GB/T 223. 71钢铁及合金化学分析方法 管式炉内燃烧后重量法测定碳含量 GB/T 223. 72钢铁及合金化学分析方法 氧化铝色层分离一硫酸钡重量法测定硫量

GB/T 223. 76钢铁及合金化学分析方法 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钒量

GB/T 229 金属夏比缺口冲击试验方法

GB/T 230. 1 金属洛氏硬度试验 第 1部分:试验方法(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K,N,T标尺)

仁GB/T 230. 1-2004, ISO 6508-1: 1999 Metallic materials-Rockwell hardness

test-Part 1; Test method(scales A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,K,N,T),MOD]

GB/T 2828. 1计数抽样检验程序第1部分:按接收质量限(AQL)检索的逐批检验抽样计划 GB/T 8170 数值修约规则

3 术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本标准。

YB/T 091-2005

3.1

中、高碳低合金钢锻(轧)钢球 middle and high carbon low alloyed forging(rolling) steel balls 在中、高碳碳素钢中含有少量合金元素(锰、硅、铬、镍、铜、钥、钒、钦、稀土等)的锻(轧)钢球。

3.2

直径允许偏差 diameter tolerance 在同一锻(轧)钢球上测得的最大直径或最小直径与公称直径之差。

3.3

圆度 roundness

所测锻(轧)钢球最大直径、最小直径之差与公称直径的比率。3.4

碎球率 breakage rate of balls 碎球是指破碎面积超过磨球面积三分之一以上。使用过程中发生碎裂的钢球重量占总用球重量的

百分比，称为碎球率。

4 分类、代号

4.1 锻(轧)钢球按碳含量分为中碳低合金钢锻(轧)钢球(代号为Z)、高碳低合金钢锻(轧)钢球(代号为G)两类。

4.2 钢球代号表示方法如下:

D (Z)Q

公称直径

分类代 号

锻(轧}球代号

举例:直径100mm的高碳低合金钢锻(轧)钢球代号表示为D(Z)QG100,

5 尺寸及允许偏差、外形

锻阵L)钢球的公称直径及允许偏差、圆度应符合表1规定。

表 1 单位为毫米

80一佣--2一铆

公称直径 } 30 } 40 } 50 } 60 { 70

+4月一匀

长

-粼

允许偏差

圆度，%

技术要求

钢球所用钢材化学成分应符合表2规定。

表2

代 号化学成分(质量分数)，%

C Si Mn P S Cr V Ti

D(Z)Q(一 0.70 -0.95 0.75 -1.25 0. 75-0.95 <O. 035 <0. 035 0.5-0.2 微量 微量

D(Z) QZ 0.40--0.65 0.35- 1.25 0.35 -0.95 <O. 035 簇0.035 0.5- 0.2 } 一

YB/T 091-2005

6.2 钢球的力学性能指标应符合表3规定。

表3

代 号公称直径

nllll

冲击试验

A七,1

落球冲击疲劳寿命

(落球次数)

硬度，HRC

表面 J公部

D(Z)q 奋毛90

>12 >10000>58 >50

>56 >48>90

D(Z)QZ镇90

妻12 >10000>52 >42

妻50 >40>90

注 1;落球冲击疲劳试验采用直径 l00mm的钢球;在标准高度 3. 5m试验机上试验的结果。其它直径钢球的冲击

疲劳次数参照附录 A公式(a 2)进行换算

注2:冲击韧度和冲击疲劳寿命指标一般不做交货依据，如用户需要，由供需双方自行商定。

6.3 关于钢球硬度均匀性也可采用磨球平均体积硬度的计算方法，计算公式如下:

AVH=0. 009 HRC,,,s+0. 063 HRC,,, +0. 203 HRC,,2 +0. 437 HRC,,� +0. 289 HRC*,O 式中:

AVH 钢球硬度均匀性;

HRC— 硬度;

一 钢球半径。

6.4 碎球率

碎球率应小于1%06.5 钢球表面质f

6.5.1 钢球表面不允许有裂纹与严重的析迭、缺肉、过烧。6.5.2 钢球表面局部存在的结疤、麻点、凹陷、擦伤，其允许的深度不应大于表1规定的直径公差。

7.1

试验方法

锻(轧)钢球直径允许偏差、圆度和钢球允许的表面缺陷，用刻度读数不超过。.1二 的量具测量。7.2 化学分析按(iB/T 223.3,GB/T 223.5,GB/T 223. 11,GB/T 223.13,GB/T 223.14,GB/T 223.15,

GB/T 223.16, GB/T 223.17, GB/T 223. 58, GB/T 223.59, GB/T 223.60, GB/T 223. 61, GB/T 223.62,

GB/T 223. 63, GB/T 223. 64, GB/T 223. 67, GB/T 223. 68, GB/T 223. 69, GB/T 223. 71, GB/T 223. 72,

GB/T 223.76规定的方法或通用方法进行，但仲裁分析时应按GB/T 223有关规定进行。7.3 冲击试验，采用在产品本体上切割的1OmmX lOmmX 55mm无缺口试样，按GB/T 229规定进行。

7.4 落球冲击疲劳寿命试验，按本标准附录A规定的方法进行。7.5 硬度(HRC)试验按GB/T 230. 1进行。试样制备时，采用线切割或电火花切割，应将球表面磨成

平台后检验，磨去厚度为2mm-5mm,7.6 碎球率的检测和计算按本标准附录B规定进行。

7.7 钢球不允许有的表面缺陷，用肉眼进行观察检验。7.8 数值修约方法按GB/T 8170进行。

8.1

8.2

8.3

检验规则

产品质量由生产厂技术监督部门负责检验。

钢球的直径允许偏差、圆度、表面缺陷均按GB/T 2828. 1规定进行抽样检查。 钢球化学成分测定，按钢球批次抽检，如抽检不合格，应加倍抽样复验，其中仍有不合格，则该批为

3

YB/T 091-2005

不合格。

8.4 钢球表面硬度检验，按每个工作班随机取样，个数不少于5个。经检验有1个锻阵L)球不合格，则

应任取双倍的钢球进行复验，若仍有1个钢球不合格，而全部硬度数值平均值仍符合表3规定，应判为合格，否则该批为不合格。

8.5 钢球心部硬度的检验，同类同规格锻(轧)钢球每连续生产toot，抽取表面硬度为表3规定下限的钢球进行检验。如检验不合格，则应在该批中加倍复验。如化学成分合格，可允许重新热处理。仍有不合格，则该批为不合格。

9 包装、标志、运输、贮存和质f证朋书

9.1 钢球可采用铁桶、编织袋包装或散装。9. 2 以整车散装长途运输时，应在车厢内以标牌标明球的类型和规格。包装运输时，在包装物表面上

应标明:

a)需方名称、地址及到站;

b)钢球类型、规格;

c)装箱号;

d)毛质量及净质量;

e)供方名称和地址

9.3 每批出厂产品应附质量证明书，注明: a)供方名称;

b)类型与规格;

c)批号与批量;

d)检验结果; e)本标准编号。

YB/T 091- 2005

附录A

(规范性附录)

落球冲击疲劳寿命试验方法

落球冲击疲劳寿命试验(以下简称落球试验)是使用落球冲击疲劳试验机(以下简称落球试验机)，在实验室条件下，模拟钢球在球磨机中的冲击过程。冲击次数由计数器实现。钢球冲击疲劳失效的冲击次

数反映了钢球在该种情况下的冲击疲劳寿命。

A. 1 落球机型号为MQ型，落程为3. 5m,

A. 2 落球试验的试样为直径 l00mm钢球。

A. 3 落球试验的试样应从检查批中任取16个钢球作为试验球，另取3个以上的钢球作为替换球，在替

换球表面上记号。A. 4 落球试验在常温下进行。A. 5 钢球失效判断及试验程序规定如下:

A. 5. 1 钢球失效判断

A.5.1.1 钢球表面上剥落层平均直径(最大直径和最小直径的平均值)为20mm-50mm，中部厚度为

5mm -10mmo

A.5. 1.2 钢球沿中部断裂。

A. 5.2 试验程序

A. 5.2. 1 将试验球和替换球的棱边打磨光滑或在清理滚筒中作表面清理。检查试验机工作状态。

A. 5.2.2 先将12个试验球放人弯管内，启动试验机，将余下的4个试验球由下滑道逐个放人循环输送系统。

A. 5.2.3 打开计数器，将计数器清零、清警，数字拨盘拨至预定数。

A. 5.2.4 试验人员在现场应认真观察，当发现有一个试验球失效情况符合A.5.1.1条和A.5.1.2条规定时，取出失效球，并放人一个替换球，直到出现第三个失效球为止。分别记录三个试验球失效数指标

时，加人的替换球已发生破坏，应不计人失效球数。A. 6 落球冲击疲劳寿命的确定

A. 6. 1 落球冲击疲劳试验寿命按下式确定:

2B,、Nl干N，+凡!v,= 一于万一入 —

I5, 乙(A. 1)

式中:

Nr— 该批钢球冲击疲劳试验寿命(次数);

N,— 第一个试球失效时，计数器记录的次数;

NZ— 第二个试球失效时，计数器记录的次数;

N,— 第三个试球失效时，计数器记录的次数; B,一一弯管中的钢球数;

B,— 试验系统内的总钢球数。

A. 6.2 数据处理时，小数部位按四舍五人取整填人试验报告。在试验报告中应注明失效情况，并记录

试验温度。

A. 6.3 不同磨球直径落球冲击疲劳试验次数的确定 在直径非l00mm情况下，其它直径的磨球冲击疲劳寿命(次数)可按以下经验公式换算:

，____、100 N=10000义兰洋 ····························。··········⋯⋯ (A.2

---一 ” D 、诬L‘j

YB/T 091-2005

式中:

D-.被测磨球直径;N— 该直径磨球的冲击疲劳试验寿命(落球次数)。

YB/T 091-2005

附录日

(规范性附录)

碎球率 的测定 与计算

在磨矿正常生产作业条件下，球磨机运转2000h以上，累计球磨机运转期间排出的碎球量，称重。然后停机将留在球磨机内的碎球拣出，称重，计量在此期间的用球总量。 碎球率按下式计算:

*一Q} +}} X 100%o 式 中:

P一一碎球率(%);Q 一初装球磨机内球量((t) ;

Q,— 正常运转中添加的球量(t) ;Q，— 正常运转中球磨机排出的碎球量((t);Qz— 停机检测时，在球磨机内的碎球量(t).

China Black Metallurgy Industry Standards for Casting Grinding Balls