The different organs of digestion
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Transcript of The different organs of digestion
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Answer the following questions based on the video.1. What is the gateway to the
digestive system?2. What is the tube that runs
from your mouth to the stomach?
3. What is the first part of the small intestine where liquified food goes?
4. What is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder?
5. What part of the digestive system absorbs water and salt?
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The Different Organs of Digestion
4th Quarter
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Digestion• the process by which food is
broken down into smaller components that the body can absorb to nourish its cells.
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Functions of the Digestive System• ingestion or taking in food
into the mouth• digestion and absorption –
processing of food into a form that will be assimilated into the living cells• excretion 0r elimination of
indigested substances and certain wastes
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Phases of Digestion• Mechanical
phase – chewing or mastication• Chemical phase –
enzymes are secreted together with the digestive juices
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Two Main Parts of the Digestive System• digestive or alimentary tract
– (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus)• accessory organs – (salivary
glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas)
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Two Main Parts of the Digestive System
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The Mouth• digestion begins; entrance of
food• teeth, tongue and salivary
glands• Teeth – break down food into
small pieces• Tongue – muscular organ;
mixes food with the saliva, aids in swallowing
• Salivary glands – secrete saliva that lubricates food
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The Mouth• Saliva – contains enzymes
that help in the chemical digestion of carbohydrates
• mechanical and chemical digestion of food
• Bolus – a lubricated, chewed, ball-shaped mass of food
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The Pharynx• throat• located posterior to the
mouth• common passage way for
digestion and respiration• breathing and swallowing do
not happen at the same time
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The Pharynx• cardiac sphincter – a circular muscle valve at the upper end of the stomach, relaxes to allow the food into the stomach• epiglottis – prevents the bolus from entering the trachea
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The Esophagus• muscular tube through which food passes from pharynx to the stomach• Peristalsis – a series of rhythmic wavelike contractions of the muscles of the esophagus to push down food into the stomach
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The Esophagus
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The Stomach• expanded organ located
between the esophagus and small intestine
• muscular, elastic , pear-shaped organ
• storing of the swallowed food• mixing food with the
digestive juice it produces• conveying its contents slowly
into the small intestine
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The Stomach• Pyloric sphincter – circular valve muscle at the lower end of the stomach that remains closed when food enters the stomach• Chyme – semifluid partially digested food
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The Small Intestine• Three parts: duodenum,
jejunum and ileum• organ of complete digestion• secretes enzymes that change
food materials into their simplest components
• longest organ of the digestive system
• Intestinal Villi – very tiny projection that increase the absorbing capacity of the small intestine
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The Large Intestine• colon• the next organ after the small
intestine• the larger organ because of its
diameter• temporary stores fecal
materials• absorbs vitamins produced by
certain symbiotic bacteria in the colon
• reabsorbs water from the undigested residue
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The Large Intestine• has three distinct part:
ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon
• cecum – the proximal part of the ascending colon; a blind sac that bears the vermiform appendix
• Sigmoid colon – named because it is somewhat S-shaped
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The Large Intestine• rectum – the last part of the
large intestine• anus – lower opening that
functions as exit point for fecal material
• defecation or bowel movement – the process of propelling the feces out of the body through the anus controlled by a sphincter in the brain
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The Accessory OrgansSalivary Glands• located in the mouth • Three types: parotid,
sublingual and submandibular
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The Accessory OrgansSalivary Glands• saliva – secreted by the
salivary gland; a chemical substance that is a combination of watery fluid and mucus
• mucus part lubricates the mouth that aids in swallowing
• serous part contains salivary amylase ptyalin that digests carbohydrates in the mouth
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The Accessory OrgansLiver and Gallbladder• liver – largest organ in the
body• produces bile from bilirubin, a
waste product formed when red blood cells are being destroyed
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The Accessory OrgansLiver and Gallbladder• Two important functions:
emulsification of fats and neutralization of the partly digested food from the stomach
• gallbladder – stores the bile• 500 – 1,000 ml 0f bile is stored
and concentrated in the liver daily
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The Accessory OrgansPancreas• large, elongated
gland that lies posterior to the stomach
• a yellowish organ that functions as exocrine and endocrine gland
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The Accessory OrgansPancreas• Islets of Langerhans – the
endocrine part; secrete hormones important in the metabolism of sugar
• Pancreatic acini – the exocrine part; secrete the digestive enzymes directly into the duodenum
• amylopsin, trypsin, steapsin and nuclease – secreted by the acinar cells
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Synthesis:• Trace what will happen to the food you ate at breakfast as it enters your mouth up to the time it reaches your small intestine.
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Identify the parts of the digestive system.
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Assignment:• Study for a quiz on Thursday, February 4
Topic: Digestive System