The Diesel Engine Powering Light-Duty Vehicles: Today and ...10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction...
Transcript of The Diesel Engine Powering Light-Duty Vehicles: Today and ...10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction...
10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference Coronado, CA (USA)August 29th – September 2, 2004
The Diesel Engine Powering Light Duty Vehicles –Today and Tomorrow
K.-P. SchindlerVolkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislationFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyConclusionConclusionConclusion
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Energy
Greenhouse effect CO2
Exhaust gas emissions CO, NOx, HC, PM
Importance
Environmental driving forces of vehicle development
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Why do we need Diesel engines?
The modern TDI engine is ....– powerful– economical– ecological– future-oriented
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
powerful
The modern TDI engine is …
because it is a mature high-tech product with– high traction power– high elasticity
and impressing with itsspeed– acceleration– handling– comfort
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
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Touareg V10 5.0L TDI
Touareg V8 4.2L
Touareg
The TDI is powerful …
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Diesel 2.0L TDI
Gasoline 2.0L
Passat
The TDI is powerful …
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
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Diesel 2.0L TDI
Gasoline 2.0L
42 mpg30 mpgMileage
11.5 s13.5 sElasticity 50-75 mph
130 hp (96 kW) @ 4000rpm
130 hp (96 kW) @ 5700 rpm
Max. Power
9.9 s9.9 sAcceleration 0-62 mph
130 mph(208 km/h)
131 mph(210 km/h)
Max. Speed
228 lb*ft (310 Nm)@ 1900rpm
144 lb*ft (195 Nm) @ 3300 rpm
Max. Torque
Diesel 2.0L TDIGasoline 2.0L
Passat
The TDI is powerful …
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
economical
The modern TDI engine is …
because of– low fuel consumption– extreme durability
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Jetta
… highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities
35.6
20.6
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37.3
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Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp
-42%
-32%
urban extraurban totalEuropean Cycle:
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Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Diesel 100 hp Gasoline 102 hp
Passat
… highest advantage of fuel consumption in cities
30.5
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Mileage [mpg]
-33%
-25%
urban extraurban totalEuropean Cycle:
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The TDI is economical …
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Ecological
The modern TDI engine is …
because– it saves the resources worldwide due to its outstanding
fuel economy
– it enables low environmental pollution
– it contributes very little to greenhouse relevant gases
– the particulate emissions have been reduced by over 90% since 1988
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
CO2 Emissions /Greenhouse Potential32%
Fuel consumption
N2OCH4
Fuel distributionFuel productionExploration & delivery
Gasoline Passat 96 kW
Diesel Passat 96 kW
8.5
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g CO2/km
The TDI is ecological …
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Why do customers in Europe purchase Diesel engine vehicles?
TDI technology closed the gap to the gasoline engine on– Performance– Noise– Emissions
TDI has increased fuel economy/reduced CO2 emissions dramaticallyTDI provides lower operating costs
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
We are convinced that the TDI is a solution for future powertrains for light duty vehicles
Conclusion
Modern TDI Diesel technology has come a long way since the old diesel engines of the pastThe modern TDI Diesel engine is not only powerful but also very economicalIn Europe a major progress in lowering the exhaust gas emissions has taken place
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: Examples
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Cylinder number: 4Displacement: 1.5LPower: 50 HP Rotational speed: 5000 rpmMaximum torque: 62 lb*ft (84 Nm)Maximum speed: 87 mph0-100 km/h: 18 secConsumption: 36.2 mpgCar weight: 780 kg
42.0L140 HP 4200 rpm236 lb*ft (320 Nm)126 mph9.3 sec42.8 mpg1400 kg
First Diesel Engine for the Golf I 1976 and latest Diesel Engine for the Golf V 2003
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
VW Lupo 3L TDIthe first 3 liter/100km = 78 mpg car in production
The first "3 l" vehicle in production (1999)
1.2 L TDI engine with unit injector
61 hp (45 kW)
78 mpg (2.99 L/100km)
Euro 4 (2005) emission standard
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
• 0.3 l SDI 1cyl. • 6,3 kW (8,6 hp)• 0,99 l/100 km(235 mpg)
• Euro 4 limits
The first " 1 l" Car Demonstration of Feasibility (2001)
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
230 kW
750 Nm
V10 TDI: Strongest Diesel in Production
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
• 5.0 l TDI 10 cyl.• 230 kW (313 hp)• 11,4 l / 100 km (20,6 mpg)
VW Phaeton V10 TDIStrongest Diesel in Production
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislation
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
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Particulates [g/mi]
0.120.14
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NOx [g/mi]
0.160.18
0.4 0.80.6 1.20.2 1.0 1.4
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PM orientedlegislation
NOx orientedlegislation
Legislation requirements in EU and US Passenger cars
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
TIER 2/LEV 2 emission standard for passenger cars
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislationFuture solutions
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Particulatefilter
NOx exhaust gas aftertreatment
Oxidationcatalytic
converter
Fuel
Improved internal combustion
Building blocks of diesel development
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Unit injector in two-valve cylinder head
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Four-valve cylinder headSimulation of intake flow, swirl axis
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Oxidating catalytic converter principle
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Diesel Particulate Filter - Function
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
VW exhaust aftertreatment systems
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
VW exhaust aftertreatment systems
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
VW exhaust aftertreatment systems
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislationFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture fuel strategy
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
... to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions:
Need for better fuel quality
optimized combustion processes efficient oxidation catalytic converterparticulate matter aftertreatmentnitrogen oxide aftertreatment
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
US 2006
Future US 2003
EU 2003
Sulphur content[ppm ]
< 10 10 350 < 15
Polyaromatics content (Tri+)[mass percent ]
< 0.5 1.0 3.0 3.0
Cetane number[ - ]
> 55 53 46 < 50
Improvement of fuel quality
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Volkswagen‘s fuel strategy
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Further development of ICE
Manifold injection
Direct injectionwall guided
Direct injectionspray guided
Direct injection
auto-ignition
Gasoline engine
Prechamber
Partly homogen spark ignition
High pressure
injectionDirect injection
Combined Combustion
System
Diesel engine
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
Outline
Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Introduction: Why do we need the diesel?Diesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesDiesel technology: ExamplesLegislationLegislationLegislationFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture solutionsFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyFuture fuel strategyConclusion
Modern diesel-powered light-duty vehicles
ConclusionFor the development of diesel engines we have touse leading edge technologyMain focus of the diesel engine development is an optimised internal combustion system to achieve the emission standardsFor the LEV 2/BIN 5 limits we need:– a new combustion process– an optimised aftertreatment system– a high standard of fuel quality