U6CAU Proceedings Volume 1, Number 1, 122 - 134, September, 2019 Maiden Edition

on Harnessing African Potentials for Sustainable Development, Calabar, Nigeria ISSN 1596-1273

THE DESIGN OF AUTOMATED SMART ENERGY WASTE MANAGEMENT

THERAPY (ASEWMT): AN INNOVATION

Fina O. Faithpraise

*1, Otosi B. Faithpraise

2, Udie A. Celestine

3 and Aloamaka A. Chukwudi

4

*1Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Calabar, Nigeria

2Department of Business Management, University Of Calabar, Nigeria.

3Department of Petroleum Engineering, University Of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

4Department of Computer Engineering, University Of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: ffaithpraise@unical.edu.ng

ABSTRACT Efficient management of the distributed energy in homes is the greatest challenge of the power

sector, it is also essential and of utmost importance in most developing nations like Nigeria.

The design of an automated smart Energy waste management therapy is based on Light

Emitting Diode (LED), Light dependent resistor (LDR) and Infrared Pyroelectric sensor to

automatically monitor the transmitted energy and avoid unnecessary waste. The ASEWMT is a

simple circuit fitted with light sensitive sensors and instruction code to monitor energy waste in

various homes. The system is designed to run in automatic mode to control and efficiently

monitor all bulbs including security and streetlight as well as bedrooms bulbs and those find

mostly in public places such as streets, stations, mining, schools, offices and industries where

human control is somewhat limited. It will enhance accurate and automatic turning ON and

OFF of lighting bulbs both day and at dusk where necessary, and will improve energy

efficiency and avoid energy waste thus achieving greater energy management. The system

control is capable of making reasonable adjustment according to seasonal variation based on

the position of the equator at sunset. The ASEWMT has the capability of monitoring, detecting

errors on signal lines and sending emergency respond request to improve efficient

management of electricity consumed. Increased efficiencies can as well result to cut costs

marginally.

Keywords: automatic bulbs, effective management, energy waste, smart control, position of

equator.

INTRODUCTION

Power transmission and its efficient use is of

utmost important in developing countries

(Nigeria) in particular. Up to this moment,

almost all the 36 states in Nigeria including

FCT Abuja are still struggling to have

sufficient power supply (megawatt) to cater

for the needs of its citizenry, yet a greater

drawback is experienced on the failure of

efficient utilization of the transmitted power.

Regrettably, there are still areas identified as

flash points on energy waste which are listed

as: street lights, security lights, bathroom

lights, and lighting in institutions (lecture

theatres and Laboratories). These lighting

systems as enumerated are built to provide

illumination for public places like the airports,

lanes, highways, classrooms, lecture theatre,

laboratories and homes. This sectors or places

have over the years witness manual control of

its switching circuitry. The manual operations

on the control of this lighting systems had

introduced possible infractions and

inaccuracies in the switching responsibilities

of the administrators. The infringements

noticed include delay in operating the control

system; laziness on the part of employees,

disappointment due to unforeseen

circumstances and natural occurrences. A few

of these inconsistencies include Street light

and security bulbs being permanently left to

be on the “ON” position during the day

between the hours of 6am till 6pm or Street

lights and security bulbs are left on the “OFF”

position during the night between the hours of

6pm to 6am. Regrettably, Room bulbs may

remain on the “ON” position 24 hours and

may only change position when there is power

outrage. Offices, Laboratories and lecture

theatre bulbs are left permanently on the

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“ON” position both day and night. The results

of these discrepancies have triggered most

areas to be left on total darkness while other

areas light sources (bulbs) remain

permanently ON and only go OFF where there

is power failure or where the system

malfunction as illustrated on Fig 1. The

Manual operation of our present lighting

system both at home and work places has

profited us nothing rather continuous energy

waste. How can this wastage be curb in order

to improve energy efficiency and power

management? Energy management can simply

be described as the process of tracking and

observing energy usage in order to conserve,

control and reduce energy

Fig. 1: Lighting trend in some flash point areas.

consumption in buildings. In order to achieve

this, Cost reduction (which represents 25% of

all operating costs in an office building),

Carbon emissions reduction (to meet internal

sustainability goals and regulatory

requirements on environmental health hazard)

and Risk reduction (on energy consumption to

curb energy price increase or supply

deficiencies) which could extremely affect

work productivity and improve development

over time must be ensured. Jim Wallace

(2008). The concern to reduce energy waste

has been a recurrent decimal as many

researchers have considered this option with

minimal successes. Saad et al. (2010),

worked on an Automatic Street light control

system using a microcontroller, where two

kinds of sensors, light and photoelectric

sensors were proposed to turn on and off

streetlights only. Sharath et al. (2015)

designed and implemented Automatic Street

light control with the use of sensors and solar

panel, with a pulse width modulation (PWM)

to control the light intensity of the led. Md.

Sazol, et al., (2018), implemented Automatic

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Street light control system with light

dependent resistor and motion sensor, where

the street lights were switched on just before

the sun set and switched off the next day

morning when there is sufficient light on the

road.

This design consumed huge power

when most of the vehicles were not in motion

during the night. Archana and Mahalahshmi

(2014), deployed led powered intelligent

street lighting system with automatic

brightness adjustment based on climatic

conditions and vehicle movements but with a

group of measuring stations in the street and a

base station located nearby. Shah et al.

(2017), proposed the control of street light

with different light intensity using pic

microcontroller with an infrared (ir)

which sensed the light and automatically

turned ON lights when a car was passing by

and switched OFF lights whenever the car

passed away. Gowdhaman and Surendran

(2017), interfaced an Automatic Street light

control and fault detection system with cloud

storage to switch ON/OFF street lights

through an Internet of Things (IoT) device.

The street light system used a LDR to sense

for ON/OFF switch positions. The changes in

the atmospheric light intensity conditions

were detected by the LDR sensor. If some led

lights went bad and not respond to the signal

from the LDR, the system would generate a

message and send SMS toward member or a

ward serviceman mobile number through

GSM. At the same time, the sensor values

were stored in cloud server. Sharath Patil et

al. (2015), anticipated Sensor-Based

Automatic Street lighting system to detect an

approaching vehicle and switched ON a block

of street lights ahead of the vehicle only, and

when the vehicle moved past a block of street

light it switched OFF the trailing lights to

save energy. During the night all the lights on

the highway remained ON for the vehicles,

but lots of energy was wasted when there was

no vehicular movement. Ambresh et al.

(2015), demonstrated Smart Automatic Street

light system which used a LDR and an IC 555

timer. During the day when sun rays fell on

the LDR, its resistance decreased which

resulted in a low output signifying the street

lights remaining in an OFF state. But at night,

when darkness roseto a certain level then the

resistance of LDR increased which resulted in

a decrease of the voltage at pin 2 of the IC

555 timer thereby activating an output of light

to overshadow the darkness. Rajput et al.

(2013), proposed intelligent street lighting

system using GSM to display real-time data

and nodes controlled by a micro-processor

with embedded sensors, measuring different

parameters like CO2 sensor, fog sensor, light

intensity sensor, noise sensor and GSM

modules for wireless data transmission and

reception between concentrator and PC. Each

node in the network was linked to the main

server via a protocol. The sensor convert

analogue data sensed to digital form,

processed it and then sent to the server. The

nodes transmit data to the master, while the

master collects the data and further send it to

a concentrator and server where the data was

monitored and if necessary transmit the

controlling action to the chip to switch

On/Off the nodes devices. This scenario

increased the life span of the street lights,

reduced power consumption, ease of

monitoring and controlling energy usage.

Faithpraise et al. (2018), proposed electricity

fraud detection system capable of detecting

the presence and absence of light, to improve

energy utilization and curb waste. Xiaohua et

al. (2012) analysed energy management

activities for commercial buildings of a

financial service company in South Africa by

energy efficiency in terms of performance

using POET, Soib and Anwar (2012)

discussed extensively on modality of energy

efficiency and management and Francisco et

al. (2016) proposed ICT solution for

managing energy sources by means of

integration of the energy systems and

monitoring networks. The reports indicated

that most of the design works were based on

street lights, while most of the areas

designated energy waste flash point ( Fig. 1)

were ignored or over looked. This studies is

aimed at proposing a solution to energy waste

and proper power management on the areas

identified as energy waste flash point, by

suggesting an Automated Smart Energy

Waste Management therapy. This is a unique

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model which attempts to address the issues of

energy waste not only on street lights but in

our public institutions, homes security ways,

offices, laboratory, lecture theatre as well as

bedroom lighting system by using a sensing

and designed smart circuit.

Theoretical Modelling of the Control of

Energy waste

Let street lamps and security lamps left

permanently on the “ON” position during the

day between the hours of 6am to 6pm be

represented with ∩. while street and security

ways lamps left on the “OFF” position during

the night between the hours of 6pm to 6am be

represented with Ω. Let offices and room

lamps left on the “ON” position 24 hours and

may only change state when there is power

outrage be represented with ր. Let

laboratories and lecture theatre bulbs left

permanently on the “ON” position both day

and night be represented with ≠. From these

variables, energy waste can be modeled from

the propose equations as thus:

Eq. 1

Where

=Energy waste, = energy waste by

street and security lamps, = energy waste

by room bulbs, = energy waste by

laboratories, lecture theatres and class rooms.

= lamps, = mortality rate of lamps

While equation 2 is a proposed model for

energy waste management

Eq. 2

Where

= Energy saving, =efficiency of

curving energy waste.

From the equation 1 and 2, it is possible to

model and simulate a real time energy waste

management systems as illustrated in the

methodology.

METHODOLOGY

The Automated Smart Energy Waste

Management Therapy (ASEWMT) system

presented here is a designed module which

consist of four subsystems (A sensor node, a

power supply, a control switching circuits and

the output section) which are the devices

under control to determine the ambient

presence of the light and motion signals,

which activate the output to turn on or off as

shown in Fig.2.

As illustrated in Fig. 2, the system consist of a

power supply which is derived from a 12v

transformer via Rectifier Bridge and a three

decoupling capacitors. The supply provides

the needed DC to power the entire circuitry.

This is then followed by the Sensor node

section which consist of light dependent

resistor (LDR) or the Photo resistance that is

used in the monitoring the ambient light level

and an Infrared Pyroelectric sensor (IPS). The

IPS installed is to detect the presence of any

object, which may activate its control to either

the OFF or the ON position (Fig. 3).

Fig. 2: ASEWMT module structure diagram.

SENSOR NODE (Infrared Pyroelectric Light Sensor (LDR))

Control

switching

Power supply

Device under

control

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Fig. 3: Detailed proposed Energy waste management smart building setup

Fig. 4: The circuit diagram of the Automated Smart Energy Waste Management Therapy

SUBLIMINAL APPROACH, was adopted

where lumped matter discipline and (which is

analogous to point mass discipline) basic

discrete electronic components were used to

model real life situations. The discrete

components used in this simulation includes

the following:

The light dependent resistor (LDR): This is

a photo-resistor whose resistance varies

inversely with luminous intensity. This

implies that the higher the luminous intensity

the lower the resistance and in a chain

reaction effects affects the voltage drop across

the LDR at a constant current flow. The

different voltage level for different light

intensity has been used to calibrate the system

such that nominal control of the system is

achieved. This particular components are used

to model the .level of brightness of the

environment (including the walkways, the

classrooms, laboratories and offices) and the

state of the lamp ( the LDR is used as a sensor

to discern if the lamps at the various locations

are been turned on or off as at required). This

is used for fault alert and fault

troubleshooting such that when light falls

upon the LDR, it triggers off the Lighting

controller so that the device to be controlled

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goes off. During the night, it triggers on the

lighting controller to turn on the device that is

under control. The light sensor is further

connected to the control section which is the

main heart of the design. The controlling

circuit consists of a transistor, diodes, and the

output stage which powered the light. Control

circuit monitors the signal from the sensor,

then triggers on the bulbs depending on the

signal it receives from the sensor either to an

OFF state or to an ON position (Fig. 4).

Light emitting diode: These components

serves as the various lamps to be switched

ON and OFF respectively at the required

time. It is used to model the lighting system

of the classroom, offices and security lights.

For these simulation the Red LED is used.

Infrared Pyroelectric Sensor PIR sensor: the PIR sensor is used to detect

the motion and proximity of persons or

moving objects and animals around the

vicinity. . For the street light and security

lamps it is used to supply minimum and

maximum power to the lighting system as at

when required. For the offices, laboratories

and classroom it is used to turn the lighting

system ON or OFF as at when required for

instance when a person enter into the

perception range of the sensor, the sensor will

detect current light value and turn on the

lamps. If the light is insufficient, bulb

controlled by the sensor node will be turned

on at a varied voltage level sufficient enough

to illuminate the area occupied by the

persons. In case of any eventuality (after the

on state command of turning on the light is

given, the light value will be detected again,

and if the light is still insufficient, order of

turning on the light will be given again. If the

light is still insufficient after 3 times, then the

node is judged to be damaged). When people

leave the perception range, there is a delay

time for the light to be turned off. In terms of

information that state of the sensor node

storage bulb changes, when control checks

this sensor node, the current state will be sent

to the control (if control does not receive the

reply, the sensor node will be judged to be

damaged). The control then activate the

emergency response by sending an error

message of fault detection. This message will

prompt decisive action to be taken. That is

manually turning on or off via original switch

of the circuit until repairs are carried out.

PUSH BUTTON: The PUSH Buttons are

used to model the power supply line to the

lighting systems. It is used for fault detection

troubleshooting and analysis.

The Control System The control system adopted consist of a

closed loop type control in which feedback

are sent and received in real time. The model

is designed using the Atmega 328 based

Arduino board. This particular board is

chosen because it's a quick to use project

modelling board both in simulation and in

real time modelling, its high speed, high

memory and low power consumption

features, low cost as it’s easily affordable and

easy to maintain. The controller comprises of

an Arduino board which is a low power

consumption controller board based on 8 bit

Atmega microcontroller operating on

16MHZ. The controller is 5v powered it has

digital and analog I/O pins for taking in and

giving out digital and analog signals

respectively. It also has pins for PWM and

Universal synchronous and asynchronous

Receiver and Transmitter (USART). The

basic function of the controller is to take

signals from the input transducer analyse the

signal and use the result from the analysis to

perform control actions such as switch on the

lamps, troubleshoot and localize faults and

send system real time state or condition to the

remote monitoring system through the

USART pins (Fig. 4).

The Sensor Node or Transducer model

The different transducer used for this design

serves for both input and output signals. The

input transducers includes photo resistors

(light dependent resistor LDR), Push buttons,

Light emitting diode LED., Virtual terminal

and PUT sensor. This transducers are

combined and sectioned to model the street

walk way and the office respectively.

The street-walk way (street light or

security light) model

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The components consist of:

2 LDRs (LDR1 STREET LUMEN SENSOR

and LDR4 STREET LAMP SENSOR): The

street LUMEN sensor is used to sense the

luminous intensity of the walkway via the

light from the Sun radiation. This LDR

determines when it's daylight and when it is

dark hours or dusk. And sends the signal to

the controller which uses the signal to

determine if the street light should be turned

OFF or ON respectively. The Lamp lumen

sensor is used to give feedback to the

controller if the lamps has been turned ON or

OFF when as required and the controller uses

such signals to determine if there is a fault or

not.

2 LEDs (light emitting diode): The 2 LEDs

are used to model how much of the Lamps

light will be turned ON. During evening time

when there is no user around one of the LEDs

is turned ON to indicate minimum power

consumption. And the other is turned ON

when there is a user to indicate maximum

power consumption.

1 PIR2 sensor: The PIR sensor is used to

sense when a user is available. This is

indicated by the 1(RED) and 0 (BLUE),

indications at the test terminals.

1 push button: The PUSH BUTTON is used

to model the power lines parameters such as

breakers, cables, fuses and switches. The

states of the PUSH BUTTON indicates if

there's a fault or no fault at any of the power

line parameters. The open state indicates a

fault, an open circuit fault. While the close

state indicates no fault. This signals are fed to

the controller respectively.

The Office model

This consists of the following:

2 LDRs (LDR2 OFFICE LUMEN SENSOR

and LDR3 OFFICE LAMP SENSOR): The

office LUMEN sensor is used to sense the

luminous intensity of the office via the light

from the Sun radiation.

This LDR determines when it's bright hours

and when it is dark hours. And sends the

signal to the controller which uses the signal

to determine if the street light should be

turned OFF or ON respectively. The Lamp

lumen sensor is used to give feedback to the

controller if the lamps has been turned ON or

OFF when as required and the controller uses

such signals to determine if there is a fault or

not.

LEDs,(light emitting diode): The LED is

used to model the office lamps. It's turned ON

when there is a user and OFF when there is no

user.

1 PIR1 sensor: The PIR1 sensor is used to

sense when a user is available. This is

indicated by the 1(RED) and 0 (BLUE),1

indicates at the test terminals.

1 push button:. The PUSH BUTTON is used

to model the power lines parameters such as

breakers, cables, fuses and switches. The

states of the PUSH BUTTON indicates if

there's a fault or no fault at any of the power

line parameters. The open state indicates a

fault, an open circuit fault. While the close

state indicates no fault. This signals are fed to

the controller respectively. .

REMOTE MONITORING: A universal

asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART)

system was deployed for remote monitoring

ALGORITHM: The algorithm used to

develop this system is a traditional type of

algorithm, where a set of functions that will

respond to the input signal in order to give the

required output has been defined and hard

coded into the ROM of the controller chip.

And the program software is developed using

C++ programming language on the Arduino

IDE this is owed to the various advantages of

the C++ language which includes but are not

limited to; it’s a higher programming

language and is quick to debug and

understand and its portability.

Working Principles of the System Assuming a situation where the original

lighting circuits of the four systems under

consideration (Lecture Theatre, Laboratories,

Security ways and Offices) are not changed,

the two sensor signals entering the control

should be connected on every lamp for

1 PIR2 sensor: The PIR sensor is used to

sense when a user is available. This is

indicated by the 1(RED) and 0 (BLUE),

indications at the test terminals.

1 push button: The PUSH BUTTON is used

to model the power lines parameters such as

breakers, cables, fuses and switches. The

states of the PUSH BUTTON indicate if

there's a fault or no fault at any of the power

line parameters. The open state indicates a

fault, an open circuit fault. While the close

states indicates no fault. These signals are

fed to the controller respectively.

The Office model

2 LDRs (LDR2 OFFICE LUMEN SENSOR

and LDR3 OFFICE LAMP SENSOR): the

office LUMEN sensor is used to sense the

luminous intensity of the office via the light

from the Sun radiation.

This LDR determines when it's bright hours

and when it is dark hours. And sends the

signal to the controller which uses the signal

to determine if the street light should be

turned OFF or ON respectively. The Lamp

lumen sensor is used to give feedback to the

controller if the lamps has been turned ON or

OFF when as required and the controller uses

such signals to determine if there is a fault or

not.

LEDs,(light emitting diode): The LED is

used to model the office lamps. It's turned ON

when there is a user and OFF when there is no

user.

1 PIR1 sensor: The PIR1 sensor is used to

sense when a user is available. This is

indicated by the 1(RED) and 0 (BLUE),1

indicates at the test terminals.

1 push button: The PUSH BUTTON is used

to model the power lines parameters such as

breakers, cables, fuses and switches. The states

of the PUSH BUTTON indicate if there's a

fault or no fault at any of the power line

parameters. The open state indicates a fault, an

open circuit fault. While the close states

indicates no fault. These signals are fed to the

controller respectively. .

REMOTE MONITORING: A universal

asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART)

system was deployed for remote monitoring

and control of this system. In real time USART

based communication devices is a computer

hardware device for asynchronous serial

communication in which the data format and

transmission speeds are configurable. The

electric signalling levels and methods are

handled by a driver circuit external to the

UART, Fig. 4.

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optimal performance. The perception range of

the sensor should be adjusted into the largest

lamp distance of 2 (distances between lamps

are usually not equal, so the largest distance

be selected) according to the actual

requirements. The sensors perceives human

position and current illumination intensity,

which directly controls the light. There is

communication between sensors and the

control circuit, so that the sensor and the

lamps state in all the four systems under

consideration can be reflected to the control.

Every system should have a control with an

administrative linkage for emergency

response in case of any fault detection as

shown in the system control flow chart of Fig.

5.

System Components Calculation

Design Calculations for the current limiting

resistor. From Ohm’s Law:

Eq. 3

The calculation can be reduced to a single

formula:

⁄ Eq. 4

Where

R = resistor value

= supply voltage

= LED voltage drop

= current through LED

Eq. 5

.

Fig. 5: Working Principles of the ASEWMT

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System Testing and Energy Waste Analysis

NLST 2 lecture theatre, Physics laboratory

Rm 1, offices and security lamps were used as

the test module. The lamps in the lecture

theatre, offices, laboratory, classrooms were

connected to the ASEWMT to test, all the

lamps turn ON and OFF appropriately and

accurately.

Test 1: Table 1 shows the output result from

the LDR sensor when it was tested at varying

voltages and luminous intensity levels. The

result shows the state of the environment

changes only when the luminous intensity

level increase from 09 to 10 with the

corresponding voltage level across the LDR

from 1.18volt to 1.57 volts.

Test 2: Output Response to light intensity of

ASEWMT.

Table 2, shows the output result from the PIR

sensor with environmental response to light

intensity.

Test 3. Fault analysis of ASEWMT

Fault examination was performed by querying

the system, when the required output is not

achieved the system carries a self-test to

localize the fault. This self-test is made

possible by the different feedback

mechanisms available in the system.

Test 4. Initial Signal Reading Test for

ASEWMT. Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 show the Initial signal

reading test, system response when the

luminous intensity drops with no one around

both by the walkway and in the offices,

system response when the luminous intensity

drops with someone around both by the

walkway and in the offices and system

response when there is a fault.

Table 1: LDR sensor result for ASEWMT

Luminous intensity

level

Voltage level across

LDR(v)

Environment

state

01 0.01 Extremely dark

02 0.02 Extremely dark

04 0.04 Very dark

05 0.11 Very dark

06 0.21 Dark

07 0.39 Dark

08 0.78 Faintly dark

09 1.18 Very bright

10 1.57 Extremely bright

Table 2: Output Response to light intensity

Environment state (office) PIR state Output (lamp state)

Dark Yes 1 (ON)

Dark No 0 (OFF)

Bright Yes 0 (OFF)

Street/security walkway

Dark Yes 1 (ON Max)

Dark NO 1 (ON Min)

Bright Yes 0 (OFF)

Bright NO 0 (OFF)

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Fig. 7: Initial signal reading system test for ASEWMT

Fig 8: ASEWMT System Response when there are no users.

Fig. 9: ASEWMT System Response when there are users.

Fig. 10: System response when there is or are fault(s).

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Fig.11: Illuminous intensity vs voltage level across the LDR

From the Initial signal reading, the image in

Fig.7, shows the voltage level when the

environment is bright during the day by

illumination from the sunlight. It is observed

that the luminous intensity varies directly

with the voltage drop across the sensing

device. And the result also depicts linear

correlation between luminous intensity to the

sensing device which is why at very bright

day the voltage drop is maximum. Fig. 8,

illustrates the systems response when the

luminous intensity drops. From the result it is

seen that the system automatically responded,

thereby turning on the street light with

minimum power available for consumption

by the lamp and no power available to the

office due to the absence of a user. Fig. 9,

illustrates the systems response when the

luminous intensity drops with the presence of

users. From the result it is seen that the

system automatically responded, thereby

turning on the lamps with maximum power

available for consumption by the street light

and the office lamps due to the presence of

users respectively. Figure 10, illustrates the

actions the system takes when there is or are

fault(s). These actions involves

troubleshooting the fault and localizing the

faults as well as give feedback to a remote

systems or persons responsible for

maintenance.

DISCUSSION

To solve energy waste and power

management difficulty, the researchers

proposed an Automated Smart Energy Waste

Management therapy, an automated system

fitted with the functionality of daily powering

ON and OFF requirements. The operation is

based on the ambient levels of the

environment at any given time of the day. At

dusk when the solar light intensity

progressively reduces, the control switch

progressively increases the light intensity of

the security lamps. Meanwhile at dawn, the

reverse is the case, as the solar light intensity

progressively increases, the control switch

progressively reduces the light intensity of the

security lights it controls. This way the light

remains ON only when at dusk because it is

designed to respond to the ambience level of

the environment. Whereas other systems

which are manually operated shows constant

ON bulbs as long as power remains and only

showed OFF position when there is power

failure and when the bulbs go bad or damage.

The system was able to achieve a 3-phase

electricity network connections on

Laboratories, lecture theatres, security lights

and offices etc. A serious justification of

adopting this design will be shown on the ~

amount of energy waste experience daily,

monthly and all year round and the possibility

of saving some kWh if ASEWMT system is

adopted for use in our institutions and Nigeria

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12

14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Inte

nsi

ty V

s V

olt

age

Leve

l

Comparism between luminous intensity and Voltage

Voltage level acrossLDR(v)

Luminous intensitylevel

132

DESIGN OF AUTOMATED SMART ENERGY SYSTEM Part A: Science, Engineering and Technology Faithpraise et al., 2019

at large.

CONCLUSION

The simulation result has shown that smart

power management therapy system can

salvage the excess power wastage and also

troubleshoot to detect and localize faults.

These system can be viewed as an

autonomous system with respect to its self-

dependency to control, manage available

power supply, troubleshoot and localize faults

within the controlled system.

Automatic lighting control system may be

expensive in comparison to normal manual

switching system but return of the investment

is expected in a very short duration as the

equipment longevity is achieve with reduction

in power wastage and corresponding effect on

increase efficiency in power delivery.

This system find its application useful

especially in homes with independent power

sources and those generating their own power

source from solar with backup storage

batteries. Every suppose waste will eventually

be stored up for future use. Future research

will consider powering all the various

systems from a solar battery source or solar

generators.

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Cite as: Fina O. Faithpraise, Otosi B. Faithpraise, Udie A. Celestine and

Aloamaka A. Chukwudi (2019). The design of automated smart energy

waste management therapy (ASEWMT): An innovation. In: Asuquo,

Francis E. (Editor) on Harnessing African Potentials for Sustainable

Development, Calabar, Nigeria, September 2019; UNICAL Press & GIS

Publishers. U6CAU Proceedings (Maiden Edition ) Volume 1, Number 1,

122 – 134.

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