THE DAWN OF HISTORY

1.1-1.2

Who studies history? Geography: Study of people and

environment Anthropology: study origin and

development of people/societies Archaeology: Study of past through

remains Artifacts Technology (Tools)

Geologists, botanists, zoologists, climatologists, biologists

Historians

Great vs Small 1st historians wrote about

powerful/wealthy Today -study lives of all people

Prehistory Time before writing was invented No cities, governments, inventions 4000 BC- Writing and language

begins

Old Stone Age

Paleolithic age 2 million BC to 10,000 BC Africa

“Lucy”- Hominid Skeleton in Ethiopia

Descendants migrated north and East into Europe and Asia

Hunters and Gatherers

Small bands 20-30 people Men hunted/fished Women gathered

berries, fruit, nuts, wild grain, roots

Nomads: people who move from place to place

Simple tools/weapons Developed spoken

language

Challenges

Ice ages Glaciers spread Animal skin clothing

Refuge in caves Fires for warmth/cooking

Religion Animism: belief of

spirits in animals/objects/dreams Cave Paintings

France, Spain, N Africa Stone Statues Worshipped earth mother

goddess Carful burial of dead-

belief in life after death Buried with tools, weapons

Agricultural Revolution

11,000 years ago: nomadic bands learned to farm

Could remain in one place

Settled into villages

New Stone Age Neolithic Age Began with agricultural

revolution Nobody knows how

people began to plant Most believe it began in

Middle East Others argue it began

independently in different regions

Domestication: taming some animals into herds

Effects

Growing pop. More interaction Status of women declined Government- Council of

Elders Warfare up Wealth up Technology: calendars,

plows using animals Skills: weaving cloth, making

better tools Spread over thousands of years