The danube waterway economic geography (Via Donau)
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Transcript of The danube waterway economic geography (Via Donau)
THE DANUBE WATERWAY– Economic Geography
from the presentation series„Basics of Inland Navigation“
Waterways in Europe
• > 30,000 km of navigable waterways
• 2012 EU-wide 6.5 % of modal split- percentage strongly differs among the European countries
• Netherlands: highest share of inland navigation in the EU (around 33 %)
• about 500 million tons of goods/year were transported on the inland waterways of the European Union
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source: eurostat
European Waterways
• France: longest waterways in Europe (8.800 km)
• Netherlands: most dense waterways (6,000 km, serving all parts of the country)
• Rhine:- 2/3 of European waterway transports include the Rhine- about 500 million tons of goods are transported on the Rhine annually
• Rhine-Main-Danube-Corridor is the most important inland waterway in Europe
• further information: www.worldcanals.com
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The Inland Waterway Axis Rhine-Main-Danube
source: viadonau, Inland Navigation Europe
Click here to open
Port of Rotterdam
• located in the Rhine-Meuse Delta (mouth of the Rhine, North Sea)
• about 440 Mio. tons of freight transhipment (2013)
• biggest sea port of Europe*
• fourth-largest sea port worldwide*
• about 100 km² port area (40 km length)
• 60,000 employees
• fairway 26 m deep (=without limitation of a ships draught)
* on the basis of total cargo throughput
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further information
Rhine-Main-Danube Axis
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The Inland Waterway Axis Rhine-Main-Danube
Rhine
Main-Danube-CanallMain
Danube
Rhine-Main-Danube-Corridor
• most important inland waterway axis on the European mainland
• international waterway between the North Sea in the West an the Black Sea in the East
• total length: 3,504 km
• connects 15 countries
• Main-Danube-Canal opened to navigation since 1992
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Danube Region
• 90 Mio. inhabitants
• transport mode for industrial sites along the Danube
• steel, paper, petroleum and chemical industries along with the mechanical engineering and automotive industry are to be found within the catchment area of the Danube
• fertile soil -> agricultural raw materials
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Danube – data and facts
• second largest river in Europe
• 2,845 km long
• from the Black Forest to the Black Sea
• flows from West to East (the only big European river which flows into this direction)
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source: viadonau
Overview of the waterways in the Danube region
Danube – data and Facts
• Danube passes through 10 bordering states
• Austrian segment: 351 km
• Romanian segment of 1.075 km is largest share
• river basin covers 801,463 km² ->
- important transport mode
- important source of energy and drinking water
- valuable recreational and living environment
05.08.2014 9source: viadonau
Danube Bordering States
Comparison:Rhine and Danube
Rhine Danube
26 billion tkm carryings (2010)
43 Mio. t freight volume (2010)
2,414 km length
90 billion tkm carryings (2010)
300 Mio. t freight volume (2010)
885 km length
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The Danube is 2-7 times longer
On the Rhine 6.9 times more goods are transported
carrying is 3.5 times higher
Danube traffic is characterised
by longer distances
the Rhine-Main-Danube inland waterways as the most important transport route for environmentally friendly transports
Subdivision of the Danube
subdivision of the navigable part of the Danube into 3 main sections:
• Upper Danube Kelheim–Gönyű, 623 km length, due to the high gradient, this part has the characteristics of a mountain river
• Central DanubeGönyű–Turnu-Severin,
860 km length
• Lower DanubeTurnu-Severin–Sulina,
931 km length
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source: viadonau
Gradient curve of the Danube
• to overcome differences in height along a waterway (river power plants)• 9 locks at the Austrian Danube • 18 locks along the Danube• lock operation: about 40 minutes
(50 % of it required to navigate
the vessel in and out of the lock chamber)
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Lock in Freudenau
Lock Facilities
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source: viadonau
lock operations were carried out free of charge 24 hours/7 days a week
Austrian Locks
13
source: viadonau
9 locks/river power plants on the Austrian Danube
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Aschach, Ottensheim, Abwinden
Austrian Locks
14
source: viadonau
Aschach, Ottensheim, Abwinden
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Wallsee, Persenbeug, Melk
Austrian Locks
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source: viadonau
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Bridges – navigability
• bridge clearance: important for container transports and cabin vessels (possibility -> ballast water)
• from the Austrian Danube to the east ≥ 7m at times of highest navigable water level -> 3 layered container transport possible
source: viadonau
1605.08.2014
highest fixed point of the vessel is an important parameter to calculate the bridge clearance
Bridges – along the Danube
• 130 bridges along the whole Danube
• 42 bridges on the Austrian Danube->
• maximum 2-3 layered container transport possible on the Danube ->
• actually nearly no container transport on the Upper Danube (not profitable)
• container transport mainly on the Rhine
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source: viadonau
Availability of the Danube
• navigability of 97.9 %* or 357 days per year
• weather-related closures caused by high water or ice formation possible
• low water periods (water level < 2.5 )-> vessels can not be fully loaded -> less rentability
* observation period: 1997–2012
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maintaining the waterway (e.g. riverbed surveying) and information on fairway depth (RIS) improve the usability of the Danube
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source: viadonau
Fairway Maintenance
• fairway maintenance circle:
- regular bathymetric surveys of the riverbed
- Maintenance
- dredging shallow areas
- continuous information on the current state of the fairway
• in Austria viadonau – Österreichische Wasserstraßen-Gesellschaft mbH
in charge of maintenance
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source: viadonau
Fairway maintenance cycle
Sources
• viadonau (2005): Manual on Danube Navigation, Wien.
• viadonau (2013): Manual on Danube Navigation, Vienna.Order: http://www.via-donau.org/en/economy/online_services/manual_on_danube_navigation/
• viadonau (2013): Danube Navigation in Austria– Annual Report 2012, Vienna.
Download : http://www.via-donau.org/en/newsroom/brochures/
• INeS Danube information platform on intermodal inland navigation
Homepage: http://www.ines-danube.info/?lang=en
• Brandenburg, Oelfke, Oelfke, Waschkau (2012): Güterverkehr –Spedition - Logistik
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Contact
Lisa-Maria Putz, BSc MAProject Leader REWWay
Logistikum – University of Applied Sciences Upper AustriaFH OÖ Forschungs & Entwicklungs GmbHWehrgrabengasse 1-3, 4400 Steyr/AustriaTel.: +43 50804-33253Fax: +43 50804-33299e-mail: [email protected]: www.logistikum.atweb2: www.fh-ooe.at
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