The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system.
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Transcript of The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program – a field based, early warning system.
The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program
– a field based, early warning system.
Preben Olsen
- Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Jeanne Kjær & Marlene Ullum
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
Ruth Grant
- The National Environmental Research Institute
The Danish Pesticide Leaching Assessment Program
– a field based, early warning system.
PLAP
Institutions involved
DIAS - Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
NERI - The National Environmental Research Institute
EPA - Environmental Protection AgencyEPA
GEUS - Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland
• 98% of drinking water supplies in DK derives from ground water
• Pesticides and their degradation products have been detected in about 30% of all screens monitored and 10% are > 0.1 µg/l
Increasing concern about pesticide contamination of the Danish groundwater:
Is the existing approval procedure for pesticides sufficient?
Limitations comprises:
• Scale problems
• Spatial variability of the soil parameters
• Hydraulic boundary condition (e.g. tile drains)
Improving the current risk assessment of pesticide leaching
• Include field studies in the actual risk assessment
Background of the project
The bottom line
…is it point or difffuse sources that cause problems to our groundwater?
PLAP
• .. shall funtion as an early warning system
• ..is a monitoring programme for the evaluation of pesticide leaching risk under field conditions
• .. has the objective to analyse, whether approved pesticides – when applied in accordance with current regulations – leach to the groundwater in unacceptable concentrations
PLAP sites - precipitation
Average precipitation 1961-90 Source: DMI 1997
PLAP sites - soilsCoarse sandy soilFine sandy soilClayey sandy soilSandy clay soilClay soilHeavy clay soilOrganic soil Calcareous soil
Jyndevad
SilstrupTylstrup
Slæggerup
Fårdrup
Estrup
PLAP - sites
2 sandy soils
4 loamy soils
1-3 ha
26 pesticides
3. S ilstrup
4. Estrup
2. Jyndevad
1. Tylstrup
5. Fårdup
6. S læ ggerup
May 1999
Sep 1999
Sep 1999
Apr 2000
Apr 2000
Apr 2000
Leaching of pesticides from PLAP-fieldsTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Fine sandy soil
Tylstrup
Tylstrup
• 70 x 166 m• 1,1 ha• Loamy sand• 6 % clay• 2% TOC• 666 mm/y• Groundwater: 3-4
m.b.g.s.
N
0 50 m
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6M7
Moniteringwells
P3
P6P4
P7
P8
P5
Piezometer
Rain GaugePt-100S1
S2Suction cups, TDR og
Monitoring design -crossection2 mMin. 3 m
1 m
2 m
2 m
1 m
Gwt
Bufferzone Treated area
Suction cups
Bufferzone
50 m
Agricultural management
Date Product Dosage Potatoes planted 4. May Var. Dianella 2200 kg/haHerbicide application 25. May Sencor WG Metribuzin 0,2 kg/ha
25. May Afalon Linuron 1 l/ha 7. Jun Sencor WG Metribuzin 0,15 kg/ha
Tracer application 27. May Potasium bromide 30 kg/ha
Fungicide application 22. Jun - 14 Sep Dithane DG Mancozeb (ETU) 10*2,0 kg/haIrrigation 12. Sep 33 mm
Harvest 28. Oct
Active ingedients
Agricultural management
Date Product Dosage Potatoes planted 4. May Var. Dianella 2200 kg/haHerbicide application 25. May Sencor WG Metribuzin 0,2 kg/ha
25. May Afalon Linuron 1 l/ha 7. Jun Sencor WG Metribuzin 0,15 kg/ha
Tracer application 27. May Potasium bromide 30 kg/ha
Fungicide application 22. Jun - 14 Sep Dithane DG Mancozeb (ETU) 10*2,0 kg/haIrrigation 12. Sep 33 mm
Harvest 28. Oct
Active ingedients
Metribuzin - Desamino-metribuzin - Diketo-metribuzin - Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
Bromide concentration - unsaturated zone
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
1 m b.g.s.2 m b.g.s
Suction cups S1
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-9
9
jun
-99
jul-
99
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-0
0
jun
-00
Bro
mid
e (m
g/l)
1 m b.g.s2 m b.g.s.
Suction cups S2
Bromide concentration - unsaturated zone
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
1 m b.g.s.2 m b.g.s
Suction cups S1
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-9
9
jun
-99
jul-
99
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-0
0
jun
-00
Bro
mid
e (m
g/l)
1 m b.g.s2 m b.g.s.
Suction cups S2
Bromide concentration - saturated zone
3-4 m4-5 m5-6 m
M3
maj
-99
jun-
99
jul-9
9
aug-
99
sep-
99
okt-
99
nov-
99
dec-
99
jan-
00
feb-
00
mar
-00
apr-
00
maj
-00
jun-
00
M4
0
1
2
3
4
Bro
mid
e (m
g/l) 3-4 m
4-5 m5-6 m
M5
0
1
2
3
4
maj
-99
jun-
99
jul-9
9
aug-
99
sep-
99
okt-
99
nov-
99
dec-
99
jan-
00
feb-
00
mar
-00
apr-
00
maj
-00
jun-
00
Bro
mid
e (m
g/l) M6
Pesticide concentration - suction cup S1
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)
Bromide
ETU
Metribuzin
Diketo-metribuzin
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
1 m b.g.s.
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-99
jun
-99
jul-9
9
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-00
jun
-00
jul-0
0
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)2 m b.g.s.
Pesticide concentration - suction cup S1
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)
Bromide
ETU
Metribuzin
Diketo-metribuzin
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
1 m b.g.s.
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-99
jun
-99
jul-9
9
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-00
jun
-00
jul-0
0
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)2 m b.g.s.
Pesticide concentration - suction cup S1
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)
Bromide
ETU
Metribuzin
Diketo-metribuzin
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
1 m b.g.s.
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-99
jun
-99
jul-9
9
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-00
jun
-00
jul-0
0
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)2 m b.g.s.
Pesticide concentration - suction cup S1
0
3
6
9
12
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)
Bromide
ETU
Metribuzin
Diketo-metribuzin
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin
1 m b.g.s.
0
3
6
9
12
ma
j-99
jun
-99
jul-9
9
au
g-9
9
sep
-99
okt
-99
no
v-9
9
de
c-9
9
jan
-00
feb
-00
ma
r-0
0
ap
r-0
0
ma
j-00
jun
-00
jul-0
0
Bro
mid
e (
mg
/l)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Pe
stic
ide
(µ
g/l)2 m b.g.s.
Average concentration - 1 m depth
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin Diketo-metribuzinS1 S2 S1 S2
1.7.99-1.7.00 0.87-0.98 0.14-0.27 0.25-0.32 0.05-0.111.7.00-1.7.01 0.30 0.26 0.12 0.10
Average concentration - 1 m depth
Desamino-diketo-metribuzin Diketo-metribuzin S1 S2 S1 S2
1.7.99-1.7.00 0.87-0.98 0.14-0.27 0.25-0.32 0.05-0.11 1.7.00-1.7.01 0.30 0.26 0.12 0.10
Pesticide concentration in groundwater - Tylstrup -
0
1
2
3
4(m
g/l)
3-4 m 4-5 m 5-6 mM4 Bromid
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
ma
j-9
9
jul-
99
ok
t-9
9
jan
-00
ap
r-0
0
jul-
00
ok
t-0
0
jan
-01
ap
r-0
1
jul-
01
(µg
/l)
M4 Metribuzin-desamino-diketo
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(µg
/l)
M4 Metribuzin-diketo
Pesticide concentration in groundwater - Tylstrup -
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
ma
j-9
9
jul-
99
ok
t-9
9
jan
-00
ap
r-0
0
jul-
00
ok
t-0
0
jan
-01
ap
r-0
1
jul-
01
(µg
/l)
M6 Metribuzin-desamino-diketo
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
(µg
/l)
M6 Metribuzin-diketo
0
1
2
3
4(m
g/l)
3-4 m 4-5 m 5-6 mM6 Bromid
Concentrations are due to applications at least 4-6 years ago
Pesticide concentration in groundwater
M1 M3 M4 M5 M6Screendepths
(m b.g.s.) 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6Apr-99 * * * * * * * *
09-sep-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * *04-nov-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.208-dec-99 < 0.06 0.23 0.33 0.32 0.3304-jan-00 < < < 0.13 0.0603-feb-00 0.10 0.07 0.19 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.2002-mar-00 < 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.1606-apr-00 < 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.17 0.2010-maj-00 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.08 < < 0.11 0.08 0.12 < < 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.0907-jun-00 < < < 0.09 0.0605-jul-00 < 0.07 0.17 0.31
<) below the dectedtion limit of 0.02 µg/l. *) Degradation product was detected in the range of 0.05 – 0.5 µg/l;
Diketo-metribuzin (µg/l)
M1 M3 M4 M5 M6Screendepths
(m b.g.s.) 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6Apr-99 * * * * * * * *
09-sep-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * *04-nov-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.208-dec-99 < 0.06 0.23 0.33 0.32 0.3304-jan-00 < < < 0.13 0.0603-feb-00 0.10 0.07 0.19 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.2002-mar-00 < 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.1606-apr-00 < 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.17 0.2010-maj-00 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.08 < < 0.11 0.08 0.12 < < 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.0907-jun-00 < < < 0.09 0.0605-jul-00 < 0.07 0.17 0.31
<) below the dectedtion limit of 0.02 µg/l. *) Degradation product was detected in the range of 0.05 – 0.5 µg/l;
Diketo-metribuzin (µg/l)
The maximum allowed concentration of 0.1 µg/l was exeeded in 36% of the samples analysed
Pesticide concentration in groundwater
M1 M3 M4 M5 M6Screendepths(m.u.t.) 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6 3-4 4-5 5-6Apr-99 * * * * * * * *
09-sep-99 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.204-nov-99 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.2 * <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 * <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.208-dec-99 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.0504-jan-00 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.0603-feb-00 0.04 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.03 < 0.03 0.04 0.02 < < 0.02 0.02 0.0202-mar-00 < 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.0306-apr-00 < < < 0.03 0.02 0.0210-maj-00 0.05 0.02 0.08 < < < 0.04 0.04 0.03 < < < < 0.02 0.0307-jun-00 < < < < 0.05 <05-jul-00 < < < <
Pesticide concentration in groundwaterDesamino-diketo-metribuzin (µg/l)
<) below the dectedtion limit of 0.02 µg/l. *) Degradation product was detected in the range of 0.05 – 0.5 µg/l;
Previous use of metribuzine at Tylstrup
Year Product Dose (kg /ha/y) PLAP field 1990 Sencor WG 0.70 1992 Sencor WG 0.50 1994 Sencor WG 0.30 1999 Sencor WG 0.35 Field south of PLAP
1989
Sencor WG
0.70
1992 1994
Sencor WG Sencor WG
0.50 0.30
Conclusion - Tylstrup
• ETU (degradation product of mancozeb) linuron or metribuzin did not leach from the root zone
• Diketo-metribuzin, desamino-diketo-metribuzin (degradation products of metribuzin) leached from the root zone in concentrations exceeding 0.1 µg/l.
• Previous application of metribuzin has caused a marked groundwater contamination with 2 degradation products
• The degradation products of metribuzin are quite stable.
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Uacceptabel UdvaskningUnacceptable leaching
Leaching of glyphosate - Estrup
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
0
no
v-0
0
de
c-0
0
jan
-01
feb
-01
ma
r-0
1
ap
r-0
1
ma
j-0
1
jun
-01
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0123 0102030
Drænafstrømning (mm/d) Drainage flow, mm/d
Dr a
i na
ge
flo
w,
mm
/ d
Pre
cip
. ,m
m/d
Leaching of glyphosate - Estrup
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
0
no
v-0
0
de
c-0
0
jan
-01
feb
-01
ma
r-0
1
ap
r-0
1
ma
j-0
1
jun
-01
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0
1
2
3
Gly
ph
os
at
(µg
/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0
1
2
3
0
10
20
30
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)Drainage flow, mm/dPesticide, µg/l
Dra
ina
ge
flo
w,
mm
/ d
Pre
cip
. ,m
m/d
Gly
ph
osa
te,
µg
/l
Leaching of glyphosate - Estrup
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
0
no
v-0
0
de
c-0
0
jan
-01
feb
-01
ma
r-0
1
ap
r-0
1
ma
j-0
1
jun
-01
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0
1
2
3
Gly
ph
os
at
(µg
/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0
1
2
3
AM
PA
(µ
g/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs. (
mm
/d)
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)
0,54 µg/l
0,17 µg/l
Pre
cip
. ,m
m/d
Gly
ph
osa
te,
µg
/l
Dr a
i na
ge
flo
w,
mm
/ dD
r ai n
ag
e f
low
, m
m/ d
Drainage flow, mm/dPesticide, µg/l
AM
PA
, µ
g/l
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Ingen Udvaskning Uacceptabel Udvaskning UdvaskningNo leaching Unacceptable leaching Leaching
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Ingen Udvaskning Uacceptabel Udvaskning UdvaskningUnacceptable leaching LeachingNo leaching
Leaching of pesticides in PLAPTylstrup Jyndevad Silstrup Estrup Faardrup Slaeggerup
Metribuzin * * * (*) Glyphosate * * * * * * * * * Ethofumesate * * * Metamitron * * * Flamprop-M-isopropyl * * * * * Fluazifop-P * * * Bromoxynil * * * * * Fluroxypyr * * Ioxynil * * * * * Bentazone * * * Pendimethalin * * * * Tebuthylazin * * Pirimicarb * * * * * * * Propiconazole * * * * * * * * * * Fenpropimorph * * * * * * * * * * Dimethoat * * * * Metsulfuron-methyl * * * * Triazinamin-methyl (tribenuron methyl) * * * * * * * Triasulfuron * * Desmedipham * * * Phenmedipham * * * ETU (Mancozeb) * * Linuron * * Clomazon * Clopyralid * Pyridat *
Ingen Udvaskning Uacceptabel Udvaskning UdvaskningUnacceptable leaching LeachingNo leaching
11
13
2
Status after 3 years of monitoring
• Leaching from fields can significantly pollute groundwater with pesticides
• Some approved pesticides can cause significant groundwater pollution
• When the damage is done, pesticides can be around for several years within the groundwater
Conclusion
• It provides a realistic description of the leaching behaviour of pesticides under field conditions
• It provides essential data for the calibration/validation of the models used in the current risk assessment of pesticides leaching
The PLAP monitoring programme gives an important contribution towards an improved risk assessment of pesticides leaching:
Further information is available on
www.pesticidvarsling.dk
Estrup- loamy soil
#
%
%
%
%
$Z$Z
0 5 0 m
P 2S 2
S 1
P 3
P 4
P 1
##
#
#
#
#
#
M 2
M 3
M 4
M 5
M 6
M 7
M 1
H 1
NO u tle t
S u c tio n cu p s , T D R an dP t-1 0 0
% P iezo m e te r
# M o n ito rin g w e ll
S h ed
$Z R ain G au g e
T ile -d ra in , in s id e fie ld
T ile -d ra in , o u ts id e fie ld
C o llec to r p ip e
S am p le p o in t fo r h o rizo n ta lsc reenB u ffe r Z o n e
H o rizo n ta l sc reen
Sampling of drainage water
Campbell logger
ISCO samplers
30o V notch InletOutletPresure transducer
Geological profile -Tylstrup
P6 P7 M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5P5 P8 M 7 M 6
P lø je lag
2
4
6
8
10
12
N ord
M arint sand
M arint s ilt og ler
F iltre
Kote (m )
Syd
Precipication
• 1047 mm • 35% more than the yearly normal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160M
aj
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
Maj
Jun
(mm
/mån
ed)
Moniteringsperiode
Normal (1960-1991)
N
N
N
N
SO
M etribuzin
N
N
N
N
OO
D iketo-m etribuzin
N
N
N
SO
Desam ino-m etribuzin
N
N
N
OO
Diketo-desam ino-m etribuzin
Leaching of glyphosate - Silstrup
3716537437
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
1
no
v-0
1
de
c-0
1
jan
-02
feb
-02
ma
r-0
2
ap
r-0
2
ma
j-0
2
jun
-02
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0,0
0,2
0,3
0,5
0
10
20
30
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)
Leaching of glyphosate - Silstrup
3716537437
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
1
no
v-0
1
de
c-0
1
jan
-02
feb
-02
ma
r-0
2
ap
r-0
2
ma
j-0
2
jun
-02
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0,0
1,5
3,0
4,5
Gly
ph
os
at
(µg
/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0,0
0,2
0,3
0,5
0
10
20
30
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)
Leaching of glyphosate - Silstrup
3716537437
0
10
20
30
ok
t-0
1
no
v-0
1
de
c-0
1
jan
-02
feb
-02
ma
r-0
2
ap
r-0
2
ma
j-0
2
jun
-02
Ne
db
ør
(mm
/d)
0,0
1,5
3,0
4,5
Gly
ph
os
at
(µg
/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs.
(mm
/d)
0,0
0,2
0,3
0,5
AM
PA
(µ
g/l)
0
10
20
30
Dræ
na
fs. (
mm
/d)
Pesticider (µg/l) Drænafstrømning (mm/d)
0,12 µg/l
0,06 µg/l
Required by locations included in the PLAP (examples)
• Be fields in crop rotations with a size of 1-3 ha
• Past cultivation known for at least 10 years
• Undisturbed soil - no previous excavations
• Irrigation system (sandy soils)
• Room for a bufferzone
• Tracers could be applied (bromide)
• Inside an infiltration area -downward gradient
• A thin, unsaturated zone (shallow groundwater)
• A well defined groundwater table
• Old drainage system (loamy soils)
• Homogenius soil
• And several more……