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THE CURRENT STATE AND POTENTIAL OF ORNAMENTAL FISH PRODUCTION
IN PERI-URBAN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
Dr. Le Thanh Hung, Dr. Vu Cam LuongNg Thanh Tam, Ph Ngoc Tam, B.T.P. Thao, Thanh Truc
ORNAMENTAL FISH IN HO CHI MINH CITY
• HCMC is the leading producer and largest market in VN• > 200 grow-out households, 19 million fish in 2004• >100 ornamental fish stores• Export > 3 million fish, value 4 million USD per year• Expected 10-15 million USD exporting in 2010• Import 48,963 fish in 2004
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT
• The first ornamental fish stores started in 1945 in LXT market • Growing faster since 1967, and fastest during 1972-1974, with
import-export activities• During 1975-1980s: no market and less demand• Since 1989: to rehabilitate rapidly• Since 2003: growing steadly
Ornamental fish culture in Ho Chi Minh City in 2005
Production:34.4
millions fish
Income: 12.8
billions VND
(0.8 million USD)
CenterDist. 53 HHs
0.09 mil.fish/yrDist. 830 HHs
7.2 mil.fish/yr
Go Vap10 HHs
0.9 mil.fish/yr
Dist.1224 HHs
1.6 mil.fish/yr
Cu Chi8 HHs
16 mil. fish/yr
Hoc Mon6 HHs
2.8 mil.fish/yr
Binh Chanh6 HHs
0.8 mil.fish/yr
Ornamental fish culture in Ho Chi Minh City
Years of experience of farmers
12.510
45
32.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
> 30 11-30 5-10 <5years
%
Income (ornamental fish culture / total income) = 84.5%
PCA in Ward 15, District 8
PCA meeting was carried out on 19 Aug 2005PCA meeting was carried out on 19 Aug 2005Participants: 18 ornamental fish growParticipants: 18 ornamental fish grow--out farmers, age: 32out farmers, age: 32--6060This is the original place where ornamental fish started in SaigThis is the original place where ornamental fish started in SaigononThere was around 30 ornamental fish farms in the area, producingThere was around 30 ornamental fish farms in the area, producing 7.2 7.2 millions fingerlings per year, value 3.6 billion VND per yearmillions fingerlings per year, value 3.6 billion VND per year
RESOURCES MAPPING
Dist. 8
Periurban of HCMCPeriurban of HCMCRiver and canal River and canal systems, less systems, less polluttionpolluttionTap and well watersTap and well watersInfrastructure in Infrastructure in average conditionaverage conditionBusiness activitiesBusiness activitiesAgricultural activity: Agricultural activity: water spinachwater spinachOrnamental fish Ornamental fish production: main production: main activity, good activity, good distribution channel to distribution channel to the citythe city
Problems ranking in District 8
20.427.4
90
20.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
%
Capital Technique Seed Water source
PCA in Ward 17, Go Vap District
The second PCA meeting was carried out on 24 Aug 2005The second PCA meeting was carried out on 24 Aug 2005Participants: 20 ornamental fish growParticipants: 20 ornamental fish grow--out farmers, age: 21out farmers, age: 21--5555This is the new culture area, started since 1996 in smallThis is the new culture area, started since 1996 in small--scalescaleDuring 2000During 2000--2005, production in larger scale, around 102005, production in larger scale, around 10--15 ornamental 15 ornamental fish farms in the area, producing 1 million fingerlings per yearfish farms in the area, producing 1 million fingerlings per year, value , value 0.34 billion VND per year0.34 billion VND per year
RESOURCES MAPPINGGo Vap Dist.
Residental area Residental area nearby the city centernearby the city centerRiver and canals, but River and canals, but polluttedpolluttedTap and well watersTap and well watersGood infrastructureGood infrastructureBusiness activitiesBusiness activitiesAgricultural activities: Agricultural activities: vegetables, vegetables, floriculture, livestockfloriculture, livestockOrnamental fish Ornamental fish production, and production, and distribution channel to distribution channel to the citythe city
Problems ranking in Go Vap District
32
2422 21
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
%
Output Capital Culturetechnique
Breeding
ORNAMENTAL FISH MARKETS
Mobile ornamental fish venderMobile ornamental fish venderOrnamental fish stores (with and without whole sale)Ornamental fish stores (with and without whole sale)Ornamental fish markets: 1 whole sale and 1 retail marketOrnamental fish markets: 1 whole sale and 1 retail marketExport marketExport marketImport marketImport marketImporting for reImporting for re--export marketexport market
VERY VIETNAM, MOBILE ORNAMENTAL FISH VENDER
InIn--bags popular species: koi carp, golden fish, oscar bags popular species: koi carp, golden fish, oscar ……Sources of fish: growout farmers, stores or middle man Sources of fish: growout farmers, stores or middle man
THE SURVEY OF ORNAMENTAL FISH STORES
Survey: 36 ornamental fish stores (1 Sep Survey: 36 ornamental fish stores (1 Sep –– 15 Oct 2005)15 Oct 2005)Retailer (Group A): 41.7%Retailer (Group A): 41.7%Whole sale and Retailer (Group B): 58.3%Whole sale and Retailer (Group B): 58.3%Previous experience working with fish: 0%Previous experience working with fish: 0%Years of experience: >10yr (22.2%) Years of experience: >10yr (22.2%) -- <5yr (47.2%)<5yr (47.2%)
OPERATING OF ORNAMENTAL FISH STORES
Average operating time: 12 hours per day, 7 days per weekAverage operating time: 12 hours per day, 7 days per weekAverage number of labors: 3 person per storeAverage number of labors: 3 person per storeBusiness types: Business types:
Freshwater ornamental fish (100%)Freshwater ornamental fish (100%)Natural feed (72.2%) and pellet feed (94.4%)Natural feed (72.2%) and pellet feed (94.4%)Submerged plants (80.6%)Submerged plants (80.6%)Glass tanks and equipments (61.1%)Glass tanks and equipments (61.1%)Design service (61.1%)Design service (61.1%)
MAJOR SPECIES OF ORNAMENTAL FISH
Among the most popular species produced by HCMC are: - Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)- Golden fish (Carassius auratus)- Discus (Symphysodon sp.)- Angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare)
MAJOR SPECIES OF ORNAMENTAL FISH
Among the most popular species produced by HCMC are: - Guppy (Poecilia reticulate)- Fighting fish (Betta splenden)- Swordtail (Xyphophorus helleri)- Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)
100 97.2 94.4
83.3 80.6 77.8 77.8
69.4 69.4
52.8
40
60
80
100
Golden fis
hKoi c
arpGuppy
Fighting
Swordtai
lMollie
sOsc
arDisc
usAngel fi
shSumatr
a barb
%
TOP TEN SPECIES TO BE SOLDSpecies successfully bred in Vietnam
Among the most popular wild native species are: - Tetraodon fluviatilis (Nóc da beo)- Toxotes chatareus (Mang rổ)- Chilata ornata (Nàng hai)- Pangasius sutchi (Mập nước ngọt)- Monodactylus rebae (Chim bốn sọc)
MAJOR WILD NATIVE SPECIES
MAJOR WILD NATIVE SPECIES
Among the most popular wild native species are: - Datnioides quadrifasciata (Thái hổ)- Kryptopterus sp. (Trèn)- Scatophagus agus (Nâu)- Bostia sp. (Heo)- Apistogramma sp. (Phượng hoàng)
44.4
30.6 27.8 2516.7 16.7
8.3 5.6 5.6 5.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Tetrao
don flu
viatili
s
Toxotes
chata
reus
Chilata
orna
ta
Panga
sius s
utchi
Datnioide
s quad
rifas
ciata
Monod
actyl
us reb
ae
Kryptop
terus
sp.
Scatop
hagus
agus
Bostia s
p.
Apistogr
amma s
p.%
TOP TEN SPECIES TO BE SOLDWild native ornamental fish
97.2
52.8 47.2 41.7 38.9
13.9 13.8 11.1 8.3 2.80
2040
6080
100
Cichlid
ae sp
.
Osteogloss
um ferre
rai
Osteogloss
um bicirrh
...
Sclero
page f
ormosu
s
Sciaen
ochro
mis ah
li
Paracheir
odon innes
i
Paracheir
odon innes
i
Phractoce
phalus h
emil...
Cichlas
oma citr
inellum
Corydoras a
eneus
%
TOP TEN SPECIES TO BE SOLDImported ornamental fish
Center
Dist. 577.8%
Dist. 875%
Go Vap33.3%
Dist.1258.2%
Cu Chi25%
Hoc Mon38.9%
Dong Nai30.6%
SOURCE OF FISH
Mekong Delta58.3%
(wild fish)
Center
Dist. 5All species
Dist. 86 species
Go Vap6 species
Dist.126 species
Cu Chi4 species
Hoc Mon4 species
Dong Nai5 species
SOURCE OF FISH in SPECIES
Mekong Delta(wild fish)
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL TO THE STORES
PRODUCERS
COLLECTOR
SELF-PRODUCTIONMIDDLE MAN
IMPORTER
83.3%
8.3%
72.2% 19.4%
8.3%
8.3%
50
69.4
47.2
19.411.1
16.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Compared to the past Predicted for future Returns compared tothe past
%
TRENDS OF SELLING
Increase Decrease
EXPORT MARKET in Quantity
826
443
322223
15399 67
0
300
600
900
Tetraodo
n sp.
Guppy
Fighting
Koi carp
Kryptopte
rus sp.
Golden fis
h
Discus
Thou
sand
fish
Year: 2004Quantity: >5 millions fish
IMPORT MARKET in QuantityFrom Jan to Feb 2005
Source: Taiwan, Hongkong, Singapore, ThailandTotal: 43,929 fish
12600
6720 6218
27161680 1509
0
2500
5000
7500
10000
12500
Guppy
Parach
eirod
on in
nesi
Cichlas
oma b
ifasc
iatum
Corydo
ras a
eneu
sOste
oglos
sum sp
p.
Koi ca
rp
Fish