EPOS 2009Sustainable Development in Policy Assessment -Methods, Challenges and Policy Impacts

The Cultural Landscape Concept as an Approach for Designing Sustainability Evaluations

Dr. Jenny AtmanagaraInstitute of Geography, University of BernJune 16th, 2009

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Outline

1. Introduction2. The Cultural Landscape Concept and SD in Switzerland3. The Core Elements of SD4. Conclusions5. Requirements and Recommendations

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Landscape Change

BFS 2009

> urbanisation (Middle Land);> abandonment of land use

succession (less accessibleand steep terrain);

> polarisation betweenintensively used areas and fallow land;

> lack of implementation withregard to SD;

> loss of the high diversity of cultural landscapes;

> new challenges for spatialplanning.

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Political Approaches

spatial planning: to reduce land consumption and settlement development, maintenance of fertile soils;

preservation, maintenance, development, and re-valorisation of cultural landscapes and integration into spatial planning.

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Swiss Landscape Concept

BUWAL 1998

> “Landscape comprises theentire space within and outside settlements. It isthe sum of the past and of the future emerged throughthe natural factors likeunderground, soil, water, air, light, climate, fauna and flora in interaction withcultural, social and economical factors(BUWAL & BRP 1998).“

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Holistic Approach

economical

social ecological

following Abaham et al. 2007metaphor

reality construct

landscape

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Integration of short- and longterm-perspectives

1870

1950

2000

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Accessibility

Tourist Development

Regional Development

Political Objectives

Infrastructure Promotion

Impacts

Bund

Canton Valais

RegionVisp-Saastal

Atmanagara 2007

Spatial dimension

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Landschaftstypen der Schweiz

Essig et al. 2008

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Pfefferkorn et al. 2005

Sustainability ScenarioTrend Scenario

Dynamics and Uncertainty of Future Development

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Precautionary Principle

BRP 2000

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Participation of the Public

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Diversity of Values

Stephenson 2008

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Processual Character

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Conclusions

> acceleration and spatial extension of development;> CL concept is suitable for SD evaluations due to its comprehensive

approach and regional appearance;> inter- and transdisciplinary research on CL provide a number of

different methods and experts (quantitative and qualitative);> SD evaluations include key judgements at every step results;> CL concept deals with the daily environment and thereby facilitates

the participation of diverse social groups;> CL development is influenced by a number of sectoral and cross-

sectoral public policies sustainable design.

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Requirements and Recommendations

> focus on the interrelations between the three pillars/dimensions;> need for a framework of reference (Weiss et al. 2003);> triangulation of different methods;> development of comparable definitions and indicators;> improvement of data availability and comparability;> consideration of spatial divergences;> demarcation of the study area and comparability with other regions;> time lag between political impulse and impacts;> integration of the results to derive findings and recommendations;> consideration of the expertise, skills, and capacities of the

evaluation team.

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Thank you for your attention!Further information www.geography.unibe.ch

„The cultural landscape is a priori the space forsustainability. Nowhere else can sustainability beconceptualised as good as in the spatial sphere,

in its impacts on space.“(R. Rodewald; Swiss Foundation for Landscape Protection)

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References

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> ARE – BUNDESAMT FÜR RAUMENTIWCKLUNG (ed.) 2008: Raumkonzept Schweiz. Eine dynamische und solidarische Schweiz. Entwurf vom 24. Juni 2008. Ittigen.

> ATMANAGARA, J. 2008: „Evaluation der Schweizer Infrastrukturförderung. Politische Strategien für einen nachhaltigen Verkehr in einer Tourismusregion.“ Geographica Bernensia G78. Bern.

> BFS – BUNDESAMT FÜR STATISTIK 2009: Bodennutzungswandel laut Arealstatistik (http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/04/blank/ind21.indicator.130706.2115.html)

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