The Crusades
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Transcript of The Crusades
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Chapter 14
section1
The Crusades
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CrusadesHoly LandPope Urban IISaladinRichard the Lion Hearted
Key Terms
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Launching the Crusades Crusades- series of
religious warsHoly Land- Jerusalem
and the land around itJews their temple was
thereChristians- it was the
birth place of JesusChrist would only
return if Christians controlled Jerusalem
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Muslims Control the Holy Land1000’s Muslims control
the Holy Land (Fatimids)
Turkish Muslims conquests in Europe
Stories of persecuting Christians
Turks attacked Byzantine Empire
1071 Turks destroy most of Byzantine army
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The Council of ClermontEmperor of
Constantinople requests help with Turks
Pope Urban calls church leaders together at Claremont France
Called for Christian knights and nobles to come together to fight the Turks
Slogan “God wills it”
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First Crusade1096 two groupsFirst group made up
of peasantsUnskilled warriors
did not do wellSome crusaders
attacked non Christians
Slaughtered entire Jewish communities
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First CrusadePeasant quickly
beaten at Jerusalem by the Turks
Second group was knightsUnprepared for
hardshipLack of food and
waterSome knights
looted towns
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First CrusadeTook 3 years to reach
JerusalemLaid siege to many
citiesSiege of Jerusalem
victory for CrusadersDisaster for city’s
inhabitantsCrusaders created
four statesChristian strongholds
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Second CrusadeEdessa, Antioch,
Tripoli, Jerusalem1144 Turks capture
EdessaEuropean leaders call
for second crusadeKing Louis VII and
Eleanor Aquitaine were crusaders
Took no lands forced to return
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Third Crusade30 years after the
secondSaladin-overthrew the
Fatimids and controlled the Muslims took the title of Sultan
Saladin wanted to take back crusader states
Drove Christians out of Jerusalem
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Third CrusadeRichard the Lion
Hearted of England fought in the Holy War
Salidin and Richard respected each other
Saladin offered a doctor when Richard was sick
Proposals of peaceRichard sister to marry
Salidin’s brother
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Third CrusadeRichard won several
battles against the Muslims
Could not take the Holy Land
Battle was a draw
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Fourth and Later Crusades1202 Fourth
CrusadeCould not afford for
Venetians to take them to Holy Land
Attacked Zara instead
Pope excommunicated all the Crusaders
Attacked Constantinople
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Fourth and Later CrusadesSacked the city and
named one of its leaders emperor
Fourth crusade failsFive more Crusades
followAll unsuccessful1291 Muslims drive
the Christians out of the Holy Land