The Crop Trust works to ensure the conservation diversity ... · 3 Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food...
Transcript of The Crop Trust works to ensure the conservation diversity ... · 3 Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food...
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The Crop Trust works to
ensure the conservation
and availability of crop
diversity for food security
worldwide.
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CROP
IS A PREREQUISITE FOR FOOD SECURITY
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Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition,
and promote sustainable agriculture
2.5: By 2020 maintain genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants, farmed and
domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and
diversified seed and plant banks at national, regional and international levels, and ensure
access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic
resources and associated traditional knowledge as internationally agreed
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
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A cost-effective, rational,
and global system for the
conservation of crop diversity.
The Objective
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• Global Interdependency
• Global public goods nature of genetic resources
• Global nature of users
• Increased security of conservation
• Enhanced utilization of collections
Why a Global System?
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International Collections Under the Plant Treaty
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Svalbard Global Seed Vault
Deep inside a mountain
on a remote island halfway
between mainland Norway
and the North Pole…
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The income produced from the
Crop Trust’s Endowment Fund
goes to conserve crop diversity at
international collections.
The Crop Diversity Endowment Fund
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24 Crop conservation strategies have been completed
1. Access the vulnerability of a crop and its genetic resources
2. Review the status of the conservation and use of the world’s collections of genetic resources
3. Significant gaps and needs identified
4. Description of global system to ensure future conservation and use
5. Prioritize global actions needed to conserve, make available, and utilize crop collections for the long
term through a global system
Crop Conservation Strategies
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A Global Ex Situ Conservation Strategy for Coffee Genetic Resources
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1. Desk study for background
and vulnerability assessment
2. Survey of Major Coffee
Collections
3. User’s survey
4. Site Visits
5. Costing Study for CATIE
How has the strategy been developed?
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Coffee Genetic Resources
1. 52 institutions hold at least 10 accessions of coffee
2. Survey sent to 32 genebanks, so far 14 have responded (though more are expected)
3. Site visits to Madagascar, Kenya, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, CATIE, Columbia, Brazil, and
Panama
4. Costing study for CATIE
5. Limited User Survey
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Survey: Materials conserved
Species Percentage
C. arabica 57,16%
C. canephora 3,13%
C. liberica 0,47%
C. eugenioides 0,41%
Other Coffea sp. 38,84%
TOTAL 100%
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Survey: Methods of conservation
Species Conservation MethodProportion of materials
<6% 6-25%26 -50%
51 -75%
>75%
Coffea arabica
Field Genebank 1 13
Cryopreserved 2 1
Kept as seed 3 1
Tissue culture 1
Store as DNA 1
Coffea canephora
Field Genebank 12
Cryopreserved 1
Kept as seed 1
Coffea eugenoides Field Genebank 4
Coffea liberica Field Genebank 7
Other coffeaField Genebank 1 8
Cryopreserved 1
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Survey: Age of trees
Age Proportions of accessions
(years) 1-25% 26-50% 51-75% >75%
1 - 10 years 6 2 0 3
11 - 30 years 1 1 6 2
31 - 60 years 4 2 0 1
> 61 years 2 0 0 0
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Survey: Operations
Operations Routinely Rarely Never
Weeding 14 0 0
Pruning and training 14 0 0
Fertilizing / Composting 13 0 1
Pest and Disease
control9 3 2
Harvesting berries 12 0 2
Propagating plants 10 4 0
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Survey: Characterization
Traits Africa (5) Americas (6) Asia / Pacific (2)
Morphological characterization 4 6 2
Evaluation
Yield 3 6 2
Bean size 3 5 2
Cup quality 3 5 2
Drought tolerance 2 3 0
Coffee leaf rust resistance 4 6 2
Coffee berry disease resistance 3 1 1
Resistance to root node nematode 2 4 0
Resistance to coffee berry borer 1 3 0
Resistance to other diseases 2 4 0
Resistance to other insect pests 1 3 0
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Survey: Information Management
Information No. Genebanks
The accession level information includes data about:
Characterization 9
Passport 7
Taxonomy 8
Genotypes 5
Images 4
Evaluation 7
Is data in a searchable database?
Passport 5
Characterization 4
The information / database is:
Public 1 (not searchable online)
Internal 9
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The total annual distribution inside the country represents only 8%
of the total number of accessions held in the genebanks surveyed.
Outside the country this figure is even lower accounting only to 1%
of the accessions held in the genebanks.
10 out of 14 genebanks distribute accessions inside and outside the country subject
to the terms and conditions of international regulations like the Nagoya protocol, the
International Treaty and institutional Material Transfer Agreements.
Survey: Distributions
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All in all the proportion of accession safety duplicated across
collections varies from 1 to 60%, though all within the same
country.
Survey: Safety duplication
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Countries visited were Madagascar, Kenya, Ethiopia, Cote d’Ivoire,
Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Brazil. The objectives were:
Site Visits
• To better understand the history of the collection and it’s current composition
• To become more familiar with the management of the field collections and the various operations in its maintenance, rejuvenation, and distribution
• To become familiar with the past use of the accessions and their future focus in terms of use within their own institute and by external users
• To identify key gaps in their collections, including composition, exchange, and operations
• To identify future opportunities for their collections and their genebank
• To identify the various threats they were facing for the conservation and use of the accessions
• To identify the highest priority needs for coffee genetic resource conservation globally and/or within their collection
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• Acquisition
• Propagation/Regeneration
• Propagation - In Vitro
• Field Maintenance
• Characterization – Morphological
• Health testing
• Distribution
• Safety duplication
• Information and data
management
• General Management
USD 235,000 / year
Estimates of routine conservation costs - CATIE
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What did we find?
Most of the world’s coffee collections are not securely conserved or
widely used.
1. Nationally focused
2. Tools for national breeding programs
3. Lacking information systems
4. Very limited access and exchange of material
5. Little to no safety duplication or back up of collections
6. Insecure annual funding and land tenure
7. Fluctuating management in relation to weeding, pruning, rejuvenations, fertilization, and replanting
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• Key ‘origin’ collections of unique
material
• User collections of a set of
international accessions
• Links between collectionsAgreed framework for exchange
Global accession level information systems
Safety duplication
Mechanism for responding to urgent needs
• Complimentary strategies (in situ)
Diagram of a more efficient global system for
coffee conservationWhat would a better system look like?
Key origin collections
of global significanceLinks between
connections
Other genebank
collections
Breeder
collections
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Status of few key collections still being surveyed
Help would be appreciated for surveys from Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Cameroon
Key needs for strategy development
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Ensure long-term support for routine conservation of the key
‘origin’ collection and the Global Conservation and Use
Platform
Utilize an international fund, such as the Crop Trust’s
Endowment Fund
High Priority Action #1: Securing Long-term Conservation
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Increase exchange and use of all collections
High Priority Action #2: ABS
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Establish global conservation and use platform
Global information sharing through Gensys
High Priority Action #3: Linking Collections
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Engage genebanks more actively into in situ or protected area
conservation.
High Priority Action #4: Complimentary Conservation
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Explore the local and global role for cryopreservation or other
complimentary conservation approaches
High Priority Action #5: Safety Duplication
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• Could you endorse this strategy?• As representatives of the coffee research community, do you
agree with future global system goals?Would you designate a focal point for next steps to be part of task force with WCR and Crop Trust to address issues such as:
• Which collections should be supported for the long term?
• How should the platform operate?
• Are there priority actions missing?
• Roadmap and budget required for implementaiton
For Discussions
Thank You