The Cost of Storage about 1K$/TB 12/1/1999 9/1/2000 9/1/2001 4/1/2002.
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Transcript of The Cost of Storage about 1K$/TB 12/1/1999 9/1/2000 9/1/2001 4/1/2002.
The Cost of Storage about 1K$/TB
y = 6.7x
y = 17.9x
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
0 20 40 60GB
$ IDE
SCSI
Price vs disk capacity
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60GB
$
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SCSI
k$/TB
12/1/1999
y = 3.8x
y = 13x
0100200300400500600700800900
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0 20 40 60 80Raw Disk unit Size GB
$
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IDE
Price vs disk capacity
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raw k$/TB
9/1/2000
y = 2.0x
y = 7.2x
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0 50 100 150 200Raw Disk unit Size GB
$ SCSI
IDE
Price vs disk capacity
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0 50 100 150 200Disk unit size GB
$ SCSI
IDE
raw k$/TB
9/1/2001
y = 6x
y = x
0
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0 50 100 150 200Raw Disk unit Size GB
$
SCSI IDE
Price vs disk capacity
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$ SCSI
IDE
raw k$/TB
4/1/2002
Disk Evolution• Capacity:100x in 10 years
1 TB 3.5” drive in 2005 20 TB? in 2012?!
• System on a chip • High-speed SAN
• Disk replacing tape• Disk is super computer!
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
Peta
Exa
Zetta
Yotta
Disks are becoming computers• Smart drives
• Camera with micro-drive
• Replay / Tivo / Ultimate TV
• Phone with micro-drive
• MP3 players
• Tablet
• Xbox
• Many more…
Disk Ctlr + 1Ghz cpu+1GB RAM
Comm:Infiniband, Ethernet, radio…
ApplicationsWeb, DBMS, Files
OS
Intermediate Step: Shared Logic• Brick with 8-12 disk drives• 200 mips/arm (or more)
• 2xGbpsEthernet• General purpose OS • 10k$/TB to 100k$/TB• Shared
– Sheet metal– Power– Support/Config– Security– Network ports
• These bricks could run applications (e.g. SQL or Mail or..)
Snap ~1TB 12x80GB NAS
NetApp ~.5TB 8x70GB NAS
Maxstor ~2TB 12x160GB NAS
IBM TotalStorage~360GB 10x36GB NAS
Hardware• Homogenous machines
leads to quick response through reallocation
• HP desktop machines, 320MB RAM, 3u high, 4 100GB IDE Drives
• $4k/TB (street), 2.5processors/TB, 1GB RAM/TB
• 3 weeks from ordering to operational
Slide courtesy of Brewster Kahle, @ Archive.org
Disk as Tape• Tape is unreliable, specialized,
slow, low density, not improving fast, and expensive
• Using removable hard drives to replace tape’s function has been successful
• When a “tape” is needed, the drive is put in a machine and it is online. No need to copy from tape before it is used.
• Portable, durable, fast, media cost = raw tapes, dense. Unknown longevity: suspected good.
Slide courtesy of Brewster Kahle, @ Archive.org