The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood...

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The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled trial STAN studie groep Verloskundig consortium Verloskundig consortium STAN

Transcript of The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood...

Page 1: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling

for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled trial

STAN studie groep

Verloskundig consortiumVerloskundig consortium

STAN

Page 2: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

STAN studie groep

Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis AmsterdamVrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum AmsterdamJeroen Bosch Medisch Centrum Den BoschAcademisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht MaastrichtSt. Antonius Ziekenhuis NieuwegeinTwee Steden Ziekenhuis TilburgDiakonessenhuis UtrechtMaxima Medisch Centrum VeldhovenUniversitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht Utrecht

(penvoerend centrum)

Page 3: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Opbouw

►Klinisch probleem►STAN methodologie►Onderzoeksprotocol

Page 4: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Doel foetale bewaking

►Opsporen foetus met dreigend zuurstofgebrek

►Zonder dat dit gepaard gaat met een toename van het aantal onnodige kunstverlossingen

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Achtergrond

►60-er jaren: invoering CTG leidt tot enorme toename van interventies (sectio’s en vaginale kunstverlossingen), zonder dat dit neonatale uitkomst duidelijk verbetert

►Sensitiviteit intrapartum CTG is goed, specificiteit zeer laag

►Intra- en interobserver variatie laag

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Microbloedonderzoek (in aanvulling op het CTG)

►Verbetert specificiteit, waardoor onnodige interventies worden vermeden

►Is echter: Invasief Vereist technische expertise Geeft slechts momentopname, moet dus worden

herhaald Patient-onvriendelijk

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CTG versus auscultatie

N trials

Apgar sterfte convulsies Sectio’s (Odds)

CTG Alleen

3 - - - 2.7

CTG + MBO

6 - - 1.3

(uit: Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth, 1989)

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Nederlandse situatie

►Bewaking mbv CTG tijdens partus met medische indicatie

►MBO bij niet-normaal CTG gouden standaard, echter wordt toegepast in (geschat) 70 % van alle klinieken en niet consequent

►Ongeveer 10 % van alle partus in 2e lijn interventie vanwege vermeende foetale nood

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Ontwikkeling nieuwe techniekAlternatief voor MBO

►Foetaal ECG (STAN®- monitor) Continu signaal via schedelelectrode Gebaseerd op veranderingen in het ST-

segment, die geassocieerd zijn met hypoxie Automatische beoordeling van het ST-segment Klinische richtlijnen wanneer te intervenieren

Page 10: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Het ECG-complex

Page 11: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

ST-veranderingen

ST-events

► Episodische T/QRS-stijging

► Basislijn T/QRS-stijging

► Bifasische

ST-segmenten

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STAN klinische richtlijnen

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Voorbeeld STAN-registratieAbnormaal CTG met ST-event

ST-informatie

Reden tot interventie

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Voorbeeld STAN registratieAbnormaal CTG zonder ST-veranderingen

Spontane partus, 4035 gr

AS 9/10, pH art 7,18

Inleiding AD 42+3, oligohydramnion

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Literatuur humane studies ► 2 RCT’s

Plymouth RCT (AJOG 1993) Zweedse RCT (Lancet 2001)

► 1 follow-up studie Neonatale follow-up zweedse RCT (AJOG 2003)

► 4 observationele studies Nordic observational study (JMFNM 2003) Utrechtse observationele studie (JMFNM 2004) Observationele studie MBO’s –ST-analyse EU data (J. Perinat

Med 2004) Amerikaanse observationele studie (AJOG 2004)

Cochrane Review (Februari 2003)

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Zweedse RCT

► N=4966► 3 klinieken► Randomisatie CTG versus CTG + ST► MBO in beide armen mogelijk► Primaire uitkomstmaat:

Metabole acidose navelstrengarterie (pH < 7.05 en BD > 12 mmol/l)

► Secundaire uitkomstmaat: Kunstverlossingen foetale nood

Amer-Wahlin Lancet 2001, 358:534-8

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

CTGCTG+ST

%

Metabole acidose Kunstverlossingen

navelstrengarterie foetale nood

p=0.02

p=0.047

- 54 % - 19 %

CTG vs. CTG+ST –Zweedse RCTResults ANALYSE intention-to-treat

n= 4966n= 4238

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Zweedse trialAnalyse na exlusie 574 casus

- CTG / CTG+ST registratie < 20 min

- interval > 20 min tussen einde registratie en partus

- Verkeerde instelling (stuit-hoofd)

- Ernstige congenitale afwijkingen

Amer – Wahlin et al, Lancet 2001

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

CTGCTG+ST%

Metabole acidoseKunstverlossing

navelstrengarterie foetale nood

p=0.01

p=0.009

- 61 % - 28 %

AnalyseAnalyse na exclusie na exclusie

n= 4392n= 3797

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

CTGCTG+ST

%

Voor Na hertraining hertraining

p=0.31

p=0.008

- 10 % - 44 %

Analyse voor en na interimanalyse (voor en na training)

Kunstverlossingen foetale nood

n= 2289 n= 2103

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0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

CTGCTG+ST%

Voor Na

hertraining hertraining

p=0.28

p=0.03

- 49 % - 72 %

n= 1812n= 1985

Analyse voor en na interimanalyse (voor en na training)

Metabole acidose

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Conclusie Zweedse trial

28 % reductie in interventies foetale nood61 % reductie in metabole acidose

Na hertraining

44 % reductie interventies FN72 % reductie metabole acidose

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Plymouth RCT

N=2434

Zweedse RCT

N=4392

Combi

Data

N=6826

OR

95 % CI

Int. FNCTG

9.1 % 8.0 % 8.4 %

Int. FNCTG + ST

5.0 % 5.9 % 5.6 % 0.650.53-0.78

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Plymouth RCT

N=2434

Zweedse RCT

N=4392

Combi

Data

N=6826

OR

95 % CI

Int FNCTG

9.1 % 8.0 % 8.4 %

OD FDCTG + ST

5.0 % 5.9 % 5.6 % 0.650.53-0.78

Met. ACCTG

1.40 % 1.44 % 1.43 %

Met ACCTG + ST

0.55 % 0.57 % 0.57 % 0.390.21-0.72

Neurologische Follow-up Zweedse RCT:

Encepalopathy 0.33 % (CTG, n=8) versus 0.04 % (CTG + ST,n=1)

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TRAINING is IMPORTANT!!!!

Page 26: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Observationele studie Utrecht

►637 registraties►449 volledig analyseerbaar (uitval door ontbreken

navelstrenggassen, > 20 min einde registratie-partus, slechte signaalkwaliteit etc)

►MBO in 142 registraties

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Metabole Acidose met pH < 7.00

-VE18+7.05Abnorm7.056.975

NICUVE31+7.23Abnorm7.016.974

MCSpont.19+7.30Abnorm6.996.963

MCVE25+7.14Abnorm7.166.902

NICUSpont.30+6.94Abnorm6.996.891

opnamepartusminST-event

MBOCTGpH vpH a

In alle 5 casus ST-event ruim voor geboorte

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Interventie volgens STAN-richtlijnin relatie tot navelstrengarterie pH

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

pH

% ST-events

N=28, 5.4 %

N.B. van 13 casus met pH 7.00-7.04 6 keer geen ST-event

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Micro Bloed Onderzoek (1)ontsluiting

pH totaal ST-events %

7.25 100 7 7

7.20-7.24 12 4 33

7.15-7.19 5 3 60

< 7.15 4 3 75

121 17 14

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Micro Bloed Onderzoek (2)uitdrijving

pH total ST-events %

7.25 41 8 19

7.20-7.24 18 5 28

7.15-7.19 6 3 50

< 7.156 5 83

71 21 30

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Conclusie Utrecht data

► Geen casus gemist met pH art < 7.00► Zes van 13 casus met pH 7.00 en 7.04 gemist,

echter geen kinderen met neonatale problemen► CTG + ST veel specifieker dan CTG alleen► Duidelijke relatie optreden ST-events met pH MBO

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Nederlandse RCT

The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled trial

Page 33: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Vraagstelling - PICO

P: aterme baring met indicatie voor CTG-bewaking

I: CTG met ST-analyse

C: CTG met MBO

O: neonaten met metabole acidose

(+ kunstverlossingen vanwege foetale nood)

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Randomisatie

►CTG + MBO

►CTG + ST-analyse (geen MBO)

Bij weigering: bewaken met CTG + MBO

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Inclusie criteria

►≥ 36 weken►Eenling►Hoofdligging►Reden voor CTG-bewaking (inwendig)►Informed consent

Dus geen stuiten of meerlingen

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Randomisatie

►Webbased (als DIGITAT)►Stratificatie voor

voorgaande vaginale baring (ja/nee) centrum

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CTG

►Beoordeling CTG volgens FIGO-criteria:

Normaal GEEN ACTIE Suboptimaal Abnormaal (Pre-) terminaal INTERVENTIE

Page 38: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Suboptimaal/Abnormaal CTGMBO-arm

►MBO pH ≥ 7.25 herhalen als arts/vv het nodig vindt

pH < 7.25 en ≥ 7.20 na 30 minuten herhalen

pH < 7.20 interventie

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Suboptimaal/Abnormaal CTGSTAN-arm

► Handelen volgens STAN-richtlijnen

Page 40: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Suboptimaal/Abnormaal CTGSTAN-arm

MBO’s alleen indien:

► Slechte signaalkwaliteit, nadat alles is gedaan om signaal te verbeteren.

► Als CTG na aansluiten abnormaal is – uitgangs MBO► Als CTG na aansluiten suboptimaal is en er een extra risico op

asfyxie is (bijv. meconium, IUGR) – uitgangs MBO► Bij abnormaal CTG zonder events gedurende 60-90 minuten

(voorkeur is echter interventie)

Cave: langzame verandering van abnormaal CTG naar preterminaal CTG

Page 41: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Suboptimaal/Abnormaal CTGSTAN-arm en MBO-arm

► Arts/verloskundige blijft verantwoordelijk en in alle situaties is violation of protocol mogelijk

Page 42: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Uitkomstmaten

► Primair-metabole acidose (pH < 7.05 en BD > 12 mmol/l)

► Secundair-kunstverlossingen-kosteneffectiviteit-Apgarscore (< 4 na 1min en < 7 na 5 min)-opname MC – NICU + 6-mnd follow-up bij

asphyxie

Page 43: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

DATA

► Navelstrenggassen (zsm klemmen)► Kunstverlossing + REDEN

-Niet vorderende baring

-Foetale nood obv: -CTG

-MBO

-ST-event

-Combinatie► Apgarscore► Opname neonatologie + reden

Page 44: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

POWER► Berekend op primaire uitkomstmaat

► Afname metabole acidose 3.5 naar 1.5 %

► N=2400

► Echter kleiner verschil of geen verschil meer waarschijnlijk

STREVEN: 4400 inclusies

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Deelnemende centraSTAN

Monitors (N)

Incl 1e jaar

“ZonMW”

Totaal

“obv 4400”

UMCU 3 240 800

VUMC 5 240 800

OLVG 1 120 400

Maxima MC 1 evt 2 120 400

Diak 1 120 400

Antonius ZH 1 120 400

TweeSt 1 120 400

Jeroen Bosch 1 120 400

AZM 1 120 400

Page 46: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Inclusieschema

Inclusieschema STAN versus CTG + MBO

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000ju

l-0

6

sep

-06

no

v-0

6

jan

-07

mrt

-07

me

i-0

7

jul-

07

sep

-07

no

v-0

7

jan

-08

mrt

-08

me

i-0

8

jul-

08

aa

nta

l

675

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Inclusie

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

jul-

06

ok

t-0

6

jan

-07

ap

r-0

7

jul-

07

ok

t-0

7

jan

-08

ap

r-0

8

jul-

08

Reeks1

Reeks2

100-190 inclusies per maand (= 10-20 inclusies per STAN-apparaat)

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Praktisch

► Info bij 36 weken of opname VK ► Web-based randomisatie► Includeren alleen mogelijk als er een STAN-apparaat

vrij is► Duidelijk noteren waarom interventie (CTG, MBO of ST-

events of NVB)► Navelstrenggassen (direct klemmen)

► CRF door research nurse of arts-onderzoeker

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Training

►Iedereen moet getraind zijn, liefst gecertificeerd

►Registraties bespreken: Metabole acidose Kunstverlossing foetale nood Violation of protocol

►Ochtendrapport►Trainingsbijeenkomsten door UMCU

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Namens het team UMCU

HARTELIJK DANK

Page 51: The cost-effectiveness of ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram as compared to fetal blood sampling for intrapartum monitoring: a randomised controlled.

Bij problemen of vragen:

► Drs. M.E.H.M. Westerhuis (arts-onderzoeker) 030-2503938 030-2509111, pieper 1860 [email protected] [email protected]

► Dr. A. Kwee (gynaecoloog) 030-2509111, pieper 1895 [email protected]

► Prof. Dr. G.H.A. Visser (gynaecoloog) 030-2506426 [email protected]

► Prof. Dr. K.G.M. Moons (epidemioloog) [email protected]