The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Mission: Overview and Status
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Transcript of The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Mission: Overview and Status
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The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Mission: Overview and Status
Y.-H. Kuo, R. Rocken, R. A. AnthesUCAR
Nick Yen, J. J. MiauNSPO
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COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) 6 microsatellites launched in April 2006
Three instruments:GPS receiver, TIP, Tri-band beacon
All six spacecraft are operating
Produced GPS RO soundings:-1.5M neutral atmospheric profiles-1.7M ionospheric profiles-1,500 ~ 2,000 soundings per day
952 registered users from 49 countries
90% of the soundings delivered within 3hA Joint Taiwan-U.S. Mission FORMOSAT-3 in Taiwan
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Operational NWP applications
• Global NWP centers began operational assimilation of COSMIC within a year, and have all shown positive impacts.
• Results from ECMWF showed that COSMIC can be assimilated without bias correction:– Serve as anchor for variational bias correction
system– Improve the use of other satellite microwave and
IR sounder data
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Climate applications
• “GPS-RO observations and derived products have some unique properties and potentials that are very appealing from a climate perspective” – consensus of NOAA ad hoc GPS-RO Workshop group
• Error characterization – comprehensive and well-documented (e.g., Kursinski, 1997)
• Low structural error – different processing centers produced essentially the same results.
• High vertical resolution, global uniform sampling • High precision and accuracy in the upper troposphere-
lower stratosphere
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Support atmospheric research from boundary to stratosphere
• COSMIC data have been shown to be useful for the detection of atmospheric boundary layer, and its spatial and temporal variations.
• COSMIC has been shown to be valuable for detecting systematic biases in different types of radiosonde systems. This is useful for both operational analysis and climate reanalysis.
• COSMIC is showing extremely sharp tropopause inversion over the polar regions, providing opportunities to study the tropopause dynamics.
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Weather and space weather• COSMIC data are being used to evaluate thermosphere
(near 300 km) simulations by TIEGCM and other ionospheric models. This is important for space weather forecasting.
• COSMIC has been shown to have a significant impact on the analysis and prediction of significant weather systems:- Hurricane genesis - Intensity and track of tropical cyclones- Mesoscale convective systems during Mei-yu season- Moisture transport associated with East Asia monsoon- Atmospheric river events
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Distribution of heights of strong inversion layers(BAL > 1E-2 rad) over North America
Winter:- fewer strong inversion layers over continent, more over the ocean southwards- shallower ABL over continent- deeper ABL over the ocean than in Summer
Summer:most sharp inversion layers(pronounced ABL top)over the ocean and plains;less over mountains
From Sergey Sokolovskiy
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5127
day night
day night
Russia
USA
COSMIC-Radiosonde COSMIC-Radiosonde
Russia
USA
Slide 15
From Ben Ho
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Neutral Winds derived from COSMIC Data
Luan, X., and S. C. Solomon, Meridional winds derived from COSMIC radio occultation measurements in winter, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2008.
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Arctic summer tropopause inversion layer(from Bill Randel)
• Persistent feature, observed in almost all profiles during summer in both hemispheres (why?)
• Important for understanding dynamical (and chemical) coupling between troposphere and stratosphere
Radiosonde at Eureka (80o N)
inversion~ 8 K
Static stability
high stabilitylayer
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Radiosondes and nearby COSMIC soundings
COSMICsonde
sonde-COSMICseparation
COSMIC allows ~100 times more observations than radiosondes, to study space-time variability of inversion layer
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Strength of polartropopauseinversion
T(ztrop+ 2km) - T(ztrop)
Daily data from COSMIC,average over polar cap
COSMIC 60o – 90o N
COSMIC 60o – 90o S
Arctic
Antarctic
Summer maximum
7 K
7 K
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Bias correction applied toAMSU-A radiances forAugust 2007
Green = ControlPink = COSMIC
Bias correction appliedto channels 8,9,10,11generally smaller with COSMIC assimilated.
Larger for channels12,13.
From Sean Healy, Dick Dee, ECMWF
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Fit to radiosonde and COSMIC measurements (SH)
Radiosonde temperature
Bending angleCOSMIC-4
(normalised O-Bdepartures)
CONTROL: redCOSMIC: black
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Introduction of COSMIC measurements into ERA-Interim (Dec 12, 2006)