The Corrupt ChurchThe Corrupt Church

1. The 1. The CatholicCatholic Church had lost its Church had lost its focus on faith and was obsessed with focus on faith and was obsessed with powerpower and and moneymoney..

2. Church clergy (2. Church clergy (popespopes, , priestspriests, monks) , monks) routinely routinely violatedviolated their sacred their sacred vowsvows of of poverty, chastity, and obedience.poverty, chastity, and obedience.

3. Church would 3. Church would sellsell its its positionspositions (cardinal, (cardinal, bishop) to people for money (like buying a bishop) to people for money (like buying a good job).good job).– Church was dominated by Church was dominated by ItalianItalian nobility who nobility who

were disliked by the were disliked by the GermanGerman and and EnglishEnglish nobles nobles

4. 4. IndulgencesIndulgences—documents you bought —documents you bought from the Church to cancel your sins.from the Church to cancel your sins.– Caused Caused conflictconflict in in NorthernNorthern EuropeEurope

Why did the Reformation Why did the Reformation happen in the 1500s?happen in the 1500s?

1. Church conflicts 1. Church conflicts decreaseddecreased the power the power of the Church and decreased of the Church and decreased moneymoney in the in the Church.Church.

2. The popular philosophy of 2. The popular philosophy of humanismhumanism emphasized rational emphasized rational questioningquestioning and and individual worth.individual worth.

3. The 3. The printing pressprinting press made the made the BibleBible available to literate available to literate people. New versions people. New versions in German, French, and in German, French, and English made it English made it available to the available to the common people. common people. ((vernacularvernacular))– Encouraged Encouraged growthgrowth of of

literacyliteracy– SpreadSpread ideasideas of of

Renaissance & Renaissance & Reformation Reformation fasterfaster

4. King 4. King HenryHenry VIII VIII and English priests and English priests were were jealousjealous of of Italian domination Italian domination of the Church and of the Church and hatedhated that so much that so much moneymoney went to went to ItalyItaly..

5. The Church forbid 5. The Church forbid usuryusury (interest on (interest on loans) and Christian loans) and Christian merchants wanted merchants wanted to be able to to be able to loanloan money (so they money (so they could make more could make more money). Only money). Only JewsJews (or Muslims) could (or Muslims) could loanloan money. money.– new new wealthwealth among among

merchantsmerchants challenged the challenged the church church banban on usury on usury

The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation occurred when occurred when Catholics Catholics disagreeddisagreed with the Catholic with the Catholic Church and tried to Church and tried to reform it and then reform it and then brokebroke from the from the Catholics to form a Catholics to form a new new ChristianChristian religion.religion.

Leaders of the Leaders of the Protestant Protestant

ReformationReformation

The Split from the Catholic The Split from the Catholic ChurchChurch

Before LutherBefore Luther Jan Jan HussHuss: priest : priest

and reformer. He and reformer. He was burned at the was burned at the stake for stake for heresyheresy. . This occurred 100 This occurred 100 years before Luther.years before Luther.

John John WycliffeWycliffe: : teacher. He wanted teacher. He wanted reformsreforms of the of the church based on church based on the the BibleBible and was and was critical of bad critical of bad priests.priests.

Martin Luther – Lutheran Martin Luther – Lutheran TraditionTradition

German monkGerman monk nailed the nailed the 95 Theses95 Theses

to the Church door to the Church door 15171517 salvation by salvation by faithfaith

alonealone

BibleBible is ultimate is ultimate authorityauthority

AllAll humans are humans are equalequal before Godbefore God

Birth of the Birth of the ProtestantProtestant ChurchChurch

John Calvin – Calvinist John Calvin – Calvinist TraditionTradition He started the “He started the “CityCity of of

GodGod” in Switzerland ” in Switzerland ((GenevaGeneva))

predestinationpredestination – Faith Faith revealedrevealed by living a by living a

righteous liferighteous life strict strict rulesrules & work ethic & work ethic

DancingDancing

Drinking Drinking

GamblingGambling

King Henry VIII - King Henry VIII - AnglicanismAnglicanism

This This BritishBritish king king started the Church started the Church of of EnglandEngland so he so he could could divorcedivorce his his wife.wife.

TookTook over the over the landland and and wealthwealth of the of the Catholic Church in Catholic Church in EnglandEngland

DismissedDismissed Pope’s Pope’s authorityauthority– Made himself Made himself headhead of of

ChurchChurch of England of England

Henry’s WivesHenry’s Wives

1. Catherine of Aragon1. Catherine of Aragon

Spanish princessSpanish princess — —his brother’s widowhis brother’s widow

Divorced Divorced

Daughter Daughter MaryMary

2. Anne Boleyn2. Anne Boleyn

Long “courtship”Long “courtship”

Accused of infidelityAccused of infidelity

BeheadedBeheaded

Daughter Daughter ElizabethElizabeth

3. Jane Seymour3. Jane Seymour

Anne’s handmaidAnne’s handmaid

DiedDied in childbirth in childbirth

Son Son EdwardEdward

4. Anne of Cleves4. Anne of Cleves

Political marriagePolitical marriage with with

German princessGerman princess

DivorcedDivorced

5. Catherine Howard5. Catherine Howard

Young flirtYoung flirt

Accused of infidelityAccused of infidelity

BeheadedBeheaded

6. Catherine Parr6. Catherine Parr

WidowedWidowed nurse nurse

SurvivedSurvived

The HeirsThe Heirs

King Edward VIKing Edward VI

ProtestantProtestant

King at 10King at 10

Died at 15Died at 15

(Lady Jane Grey)(Lady Jane Grey)

Nine day queenNine day queen

ProtestantProtestant puppet puppet

Removed by MaryRemoved by Mary

Queen Mary IQueen Mary I

CatholicCatholic

Killed 300 ProtestantsKilled 300 Protestants

““BloodyBloody Mary” Mary”

Queen Elizabeth I & Her Queen Elizabeth I & Her AchievementsAchievements

ProtestantProtestant Established Church of Established Church of

England (England (AnglicanAnglican) as ) as officialofficial church church

UnifiedUnified country country ToleratedTolerated dissenters dissenters

(people who (people who disagreedisagree)) ExpandedExpanded English English

territoriesterritories with colonies with colonies overseasoverseas

Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada Spain sent HUGE Spain sent HUGE navynavy to to invadeinvade England England

– Wanted to make England Wanted to make England CatholicCatholic again again Elizabeth’s navy Elizabeth’s navy defeateddefeated the Armada in the Armada in

15881588 (a massive storm helped) (a massive storm helped)– Spain’s never Spain’s never recoversrecovers from the EPIC FAIL from the EPIC FAIL