The Context for Solar Resource Development: Where are we now? Amy Heinemann August 30, 2011 1.
28
The Context for Solar Resource Development: Where are we now? Amy Heinemann August 30, 2011 1
-
Upload
ophelia-wilcox -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of The Context for Solar Resource Development: Where are we now? Amy Heinemann August 30, 2011 1.
1
The Context for Solar Resource Development: Where are we now?
Amy HeinemannAugust 30, 2011
2
3
US Electric Power Industry Net Generation, 2009
US Total Energy Consumption and Electricity Generation, 2009
Source: US Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Industry 2009: Year in Review, April 2011 4
State % Electricity Generation by Fuel SourceCoal Petroleum Natural
GasOther Gases
Nuclear Hydro OtherRenewables
Other
Alabama 38.8 0.2 22.1 0.1 27.7 8.8 2.1 0.3
Arkansas 43.6 0.2 19.5 - 26.4 7.3 2.8 -
Florida 24.8 4.2 54.3 - 13.4 0.1 2 1.3
Georgia 54 0.5 15.9 - 24.6 2.5 2.2 -
Louisiana 25.4 2 48.4 1.3 18.4 1.4 2.6 0.5
Mississippi 26.6 - 47.8 0.1 22.6 - 2.9 -
North Carolina
55 0.3 4.1 - 34.5 4.4 1.6 0.2
South Carolina
34.4 0.5 9.8 - 52.1 2.3 1.7 0.1
Tennessee 52.2 0.2 0.5 - 33.8 12.8 1.2 -
Source: US Energy Information Administration, July 2011 5
Electricity Mix in the Southeast
6Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Southeast Regional Clean Energy Policy Analysis, January 2011
Electricity Consumption per Customer by Sector, US v. SE
7Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Southeast Regional Clean Energy Policy Analysis, January 2011
Average Retail Electricity Rates, 2009
8
Installed Nameplate Capacity, 2009
Source: US Department of Energy. Renewable Energy Databook. August 2010 9
Installed Nameplate Capacity (MW), 2009
Source: US Department of Energy. Renewable Energy Databook. August 2010 10
Barriers
• High upfront cost• Low electricity rates• Lack of financing options• Permitting and interconnection processes• Other policy-related barriers• Education and awareness
11
Top Renewable Energy Generators - Biomass
Source: US Department of Energy. Renewable Energy Databook. August 2010 12
Source: US Department of Energy. Renewable Energy Databook. August 2010
Top Renewable Energy Generators– Wind
13
14
Top Renewable Energy Generators– Solar
Source: US Department of Energy. Renewable Energy Databook. August 2010 15
Solar Installations in 2010State Capacity
Installed in 2010 (MW-DC)
Cumulative Installed
Capacity (MW-DC)
Alabama 0.2 0.4
Arkansas 0.6 1.0
Florida 34.8 73.5
Georgia 1.6 1.8
Louisiana - 0.2
Mississippi 0.1 0.3
North Carolina 28.7 40.0
South Carolina - 0.2
Tennessee 3.8 4.7
Top 10 States, Grid-Connected PV in 2010
Top 10 States, Grid-Connected PV, Cumulative
Source: Interstate Renewable Energy Council & Larry Sherwood, US Solar Market Trends 2010, June 2011 16
Renewable Energy Potential in SE
17Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Southeast Regional Clean Energy Policy Analysis, January 2011
Policy – A Complicated Web
18
To Make Sense of It…
19
• Created in 1995• Funded by U.S. DOE / NREL• Managed by N.C. Solar
Center (NCSU)• Scope = government & utility
incentives & policies that promote RE & EE
• ~ 2,650 total summaries• ~200,000 users/month• DSIRE Solar Policy Guide for
state policymakers• Solar Policy Comparison
TablesDSIRE Solar (dsireusa.org/solar)20
21
Renewables Portfolio Standards
Renewable portfolio standard
Renewable portfolio goal
www.dsireusa.org / June 2011
Solar water heating eligible *† Extra credit for solar or customer-sited renewables
Includes non-renewable alternative resources
WA: 15% x 2020*
CA: 33% x 2020
NV: 25% x 2025*
AZ: 15% x 2025
NM: 20% x 2020 (IOUs) 10% x 2020 (co-ops)
HI: 40% x 2030
Minimum solar or customer-sited requirement
TX: 5,880 MW x 2015
UT: 20% by 2025*
CO: 30% by 2020 (IOUs)10% by 2020 (co-ops & large
munis)*
MT: 15% x 2015 ND: 10% x
2015
SD: 10% x 2015
IA: 105 MW
MN: 25% x 2025
(Xcel: 30% x 2020)
MO: 15% x 2021
WI: Varies by utility;
10% x 2015 statewide
MI: 10% & 1,100 MW x 2015*
OH: 25% x 2025†
ME: 30% x 2000New RE: 10% x 2017
NH: 23.8% x 2025
MA: 22.1% x 2020 New RE: 15% x 2020
(+1% annually thereafter)
RI: 16% x 2020
CT: 23% x 2020NY: 29% x 2015
NJ: 20.38% RE x 2021+ 5,316 GWh solar x
2026
PA: ~18% x 2021†
MD: 20% x 2022
DE: 25% x 2026*
DC: 20% x 2020
NC: 12.5% x 2021 (IOUs)10% x 2018 (co-ops & munis)
VT: (1) RE meets any increase in retail sales x
2012; (2) 20% RE & CHP x 2017
KS: 20% x 2020
OR: 25% x 2025 (large utilities)*
5% - 10% x 2025 (smaller utilities)
IL: 25% x 2025
29 states + DC and PR have an RPS(8 states have
goals)
OK: 15% x 2015
PR: 20% x 2035
WV: 25% x 2025*†VA: 15% x 2025*
DC
IN: 15% x 2025†
Financing Options
• Loans• Retail (3rd Party) PPAs and Leases• On-bill Financing• PACE Financing
22
Net Metering• Billing arrangement between a utility and a
customer-generator that allows electricity to flow both to and from the customer.
• Many caveats and fine details can make a net metering policy heavily favor the utility.
23
Interconnection StandardsInterconnection refers to the issues that must be settled between the system owner and the utility and local permitting authorities before the system is connected to the grid.
1. Technical – safety, power quality, system impacts
2. Contractual – legal and procedural issues3. Rates, fees and metering issues
24
• Solar access laws• Solar permitting incentives• Solar ready building guidelines
Other Policies
25
Wrap-Up• SE electricity based on coal, nuclear, and
natural gas• Solar resource is good in SE and solar
installations have been growing• High upfront cost, lack of financing options
and regulatory barriers can hinder growth of state solar market
• Policy options can be used to overcome barriers
26
27
