The ConsummationFoundationsC.S. Noren, 2017

This Class

What to expect in the class series. Definitions The big Why? Context and foundation of

Eschatology Covenant Theology Review. Typology Review. Who are God’s People?

10 Eschatology Principles

Class Particulars

12 weeks. I will teach each class unless urgent business

calls, such as a needed vacation break. Class notes on my blog:

http://metaschema.blogspot.com/ Published under pseudonym: Earl Flask (short

for Erlenmeyer Flask). Class notes published as blog entry

sometime before class. No paper handouts.

Questions

Questions are welcome. Can be asked in class. Can be asked privately outside of

class. Can be emailed to me at

chuck.noren@gmail.com Can be asked in the comments in

blog at: http://metaschema.blogspot.com/

What will be taught?

The different major end-time views. How to reason biblically about end-

time views. Drilling down on some specific end-

time topics. Answering class questions. What difference does this topic

make?

Guidelines Respect for different viewpoints.

I have a viewpoint on the topic. It will come out. Others will have different viewpoints on this topic. Be kind and do not belittle.

Our denomination (PCA) permits members to have many views, but leaders and teachers must follow certain parameters. This will be explained during the classes.

Why does this matter? How does it apply? Not just an intellectual exercise to amaze our

friends and confuse our enemies.

Eschatology

The word arises from the Greek ἔσχατος eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of“ (Wikipedia)

The study of the last days in human history before Christ comes again … and what happens afterwards.

It also includes all of history as it moves towards its consummation.

Why Study Eschatology? Gives powerful understanding of history and

its direction. Shows us that God is in control. Shows that God will lovingly protect his

people. Tells us what to expect now and in the future. Provides a glimpse of the wonderful

consummation. Shows us how to live now. It shows us Jesus, our rock and redeemer.

Foundation

Covenant Theology is the foundation for Eschatology

Covenant Theology has implications for Eschatology

EschatologyCovenant

Theology

Covenant Structure

O. Palmer Robertson

Covenants

Structural Thematic

Inauguration Life in the Covenant

Genealogy Immanuel God Dwelling

Climax in Christ

Adam Promise to seed of woman

Salvation promise

Seed of woman

God will come in the seed

God will dwell in seed

Christ is the godly seed

Noah Continuation of mankind and seasons

Renewal of the land

Continuation of godly seed

Preservation of the godly seed

God will dwell with godly seed

Christ is the Ark

Abraham Promise of people and land

Will posses the land in 400 years

Seed God to you and your seed

Promise of God will dwell in land

Christ takes the curse

Sinai God remembered Abraham

Blessings and cursings in the land.

Seed, 1000 generations

Israel’s God, God’s treasure

Tabernacle Christ is Tabernacle

David Ref. delivering from Egypt

King in the land

Seed To be a people of Yahweh

Temple Christ is the Temple

New Fulfillment in the Lord’s Supper.

The king dies for his kingdom

Ingrafting, pruning

Many nations joined

Christ New Heavens and Earth in Christ

Unity of the Covenants

Types: Progressive Revelation

Progressive Revelation

Obscurely Intimated

Gradually Unfolded

Fully Revealed

Gradually Unfolded

Gradually Unfolded

Interpretation Methods

Historical-grammatical method – Find the meaning of the passage as the original author would have intended and what the original hearers would have understood.

Redemptive-historical method – Subset of the historical-grammatical method where the OT points to Christ and his redemptive work on the cross.

Revelation Patterns

Events/people/nations hint at deeper things.

Repeating patterns and themes. Progression towards a goal.

Symbolism

Symbol

Reality

A symbol is an object that represents, stands for, or suggests a deeper reality.

Example of Symbolism

… and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form, like a dove; and a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.” … the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God. (Luke 3:22, 38 ESV)

Son of God Symbol

Adam is not only a historical figure, he also represents being a son of God.

Christ is not only a historical figure, he is also the Son of God.

Adam

Son of God

A symbol is an object that represents, stands for, or suggests a deeper reality.

Type

Type

Reality

A type is an Old Testament object that represents, stands for, or suggests a reality made clear in the New Testament.

Son of God Type

Christ

Son of God

A type is an Old Testament object that represents, stands for, or suggests a reality made clear in the New Testament.

Adam

Son of God

Clowney’s Triangle

Typica

l Refe

rence

T1

Tn

History of Redemption

Sym

bolic

Re

fere

nce

S

S – SymbolT1 – Truth SymbolizedTn – Truth Typified(to the nth degree)

Clowney’s Expanded Triangle

T1 Tn

History of Redemption

Sym

bolic

Re

fere

nce

Typolo

gy

S A

Application

Allegory

Moralism

S – SymbolT1 – Truth SymbolizedTn – Truth TypifiedA – Application

Adam as a Type

Typica

l Refe

rence

1st AdamSon of God

History of Redemption

Sym

bolic

Re

fere

nce

Adam

Last AdamSon of God

Israel as a Type

IsraelSon of God

History of Redemption

Sym

bolic

Re

fere

nce

Israel

MessiahSon of GodGive thanks to what

Jesus did in redeeming

us.

Rebuild earthly kingdom

Moralism

Typolo

gy

A

Do/Don’t do what Israel

did

Application

Allegory

Definitions Protological

Adjective: Concerned with or relating to origins or beginnings. (https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/protological)

Typological Adjective: Concerned with or relating to symbols

made clear in the New Testament. Eschatological

Adjective: Concerned with or relating to the final consummation of the world, God’s Kingdom, and people.

Progression of Son of God Type

Adam the protological son of God, Israel the typological, and Jesus the eschatological.Dr. Lane G. Tipton, http://reformedforum.org/podcasts/rf14_03/

AdamProtological

Son

IsraelTypological

Son

ChristEschatologi

calSon

Adam – Protological Son• First son.• Represents humanity.•Failed test in the garden.• Points to Christ.

Israel – Typological Son• God’s redeemed people.• Failed test in wilderness.• Points to Christ.

Christ – Eschatological Son• Final son.• Represents elect.• Succeeds in wilderness.• Redeems his people.

Progression of Kingdom Type

Eden – Protological Kingdom• First Kingdom.• Kept by Works.• Lost by Adam’s disobedience.• Points to New Jerusalem.

Israel – Typological Kingdom• Fulfilled in Joshua•Typological Kingdom.• Kept by typological obedience.• Lost by Israel’s disobedience• Points to New Jerusalem

New Jerusalem – Eschatological Kingdom• Final Kingdom.• Given by Christ to the elect.• Christ succeeds in obedience.• Elect will never loose this kingdom.

EdenProtological

Kingdom

IsraelTypologicalKingdom

New Jerusalem

Eschatological

Kingdom

Typological Obedience Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the LORD had spoken to Moses.

And Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to their tribal allotments. And the land had rest from war. Joshua 11:23 (ESV)

“And now I am about to go the way of all the earth, and you know in your hearts and souls, all of you, that not one word has failed of all the good things that the LORD your God promised concerning you. All have come to pass for you; not one of them has failed.” Joshua 23:14 (ESV)

“…if you transgress the covenant of the LORD your God, which he commanded you, and go and serve other gods and bow down to them. Then the anger of the LORD will be kindled against you, and you shall perish quickly from off the good land that he has given to you.” Joshua 23:16 (ESV)

People of God Timeline

Hebrew: Assembly…translated as Ecclesia (or Church) in the Septuagint. (Deut 9:10, 10:4, 16:8, 18:16)

Greek: Ecclesia…the same word used in the Septuagint for Assembly. (Matt 16:8, 18:16, Acts, NT Epistles, Revelation).

10 Eschatology Principles From O. Palmer Robertson, The

Israel of God, Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (2000, P&R Publishing), pp. 192-195.

10 Eschatology Principles1. The Church is part of the

messianic kingdom of Christ.

2. Modern Israel is not part of the messianic kingdom of Christ.

3. Modern Israel is biblically not a precursor to the mass conversion of the Jewish people.

4. The land in the Bible is a type encompasses the entire universe for God’s redeemed people.

5. Return of Israel to the land refers to the restoration of all things in the resurrection of believers in the return of Christ.

6. No reestablished priesthood or sacrificial system will provide a proper supplement to the current established priesthood of Christ and his final sacrifice.

10 Eschatology Principles7. It is illegitimate to

have worship practices that put Jewish and Gentile believers in different categories.

8. The present and future messianic kingdoms will have Jews and Gentiles in equal standing.

9. The future messianic kingdom will not have a distinctive Jewish aspect that will distinguish Jewish believers from Gentile believers.

10. The future messianic kingdom will embrace the whole created realm and not have a special region designated as the promised land.

Application Because we are grafted in, OT history is our

history. In a similar way, we see that our local church’s

history is our history (even before we were here). Thank those who labored in our church.

We are part of a huge epic that is moving towards a great and wonderful consummation.

See OT Israel, the Temple, etc., as foreshadowings that gives you glimpses of Christ and what the new heavens and new earth will be like.