THE CONSTITUTION When? 1787 Where ? Philadelphia Who? 55 “greatest collection of minds is all of...
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Transcript of THE CONSTITUTION When? 1787 Where ? Philadelphia Who? 55 “greatest collection of minds is all of...
THE CONSTITUTION
When? 1787Where ? Philadelphia Who? 55 “greatest collection of minds is all of US History”
Early attempts to Revise AOC Alexandria Conference 1785 – meeting to
discuss commerce on a national level
Annapolis Conference 1786- states appointed delegates – only 5 showed up- strong discussion that the AOC had to be revised
- Hamilton invited states to send delegates to national convention in Philadelphia
Purpose?? Strengthen the A of C
Every state sent reps except…
Rhode Island !!
Intent of Framers of Constitution Several Theories:a) Framers did what was necessary to deal
with problems plaguing US under AOCb) Framers had their own self- interests-
economic at heart= wanted a govt. that would stimulate trade and prevent “mob rule”
General Goals
Prevent a tyranny of the majority Prevent a tyranny of the minority Create a govt. that could create economic
conditions for long term and short term economic development
Formulate and create an effective foreign policy
Conflicts Bankers vs. debtors
Northern vs. Southern economic interests
Supporters of a strong central government – Federalists ( coastal and urban areas, merchants, financiers, planters- not all upper class
Who? Washington, Hamilton, Madison and Franklin
Supporters of individual and states’ rights – Anti- Federalists- mainly backcountry areas, debtors, people philosophically against a strong central government- we need a Bill of Rights –God? “federal stronghold”
Who? John Hancock, Patrick Henry and George Mason
What about representation?a) Virginia Plan - lower house of Congress elected by the
people - lower house would elect members of an
upper house - both houses would elect a chief executive/
President – who could serve one term - a judiciary would be established
The Virginia Plan gave more power to the central ( federal) govt. and kept some ideas of AOC
The New Jersey Plan- Put forward by the smaller states- One house legislature ( unicameral) - Each state receives one vote- A chief executive with no veto power
Slave states ( who wanted to include slaves in any population count) versus non- slaves states – who did not want slaves counted
Commerce Compromise The South agreed to let federal ( central govt)
control over foreign and interstate trade The importation of slaves would be permitted
until 1808
The Great Compromise
A state’s representation in the House of Representatives was based on population
The state’s representation in the Senate would be equal- two each state
All money bills would originate in the House
The Three- fifths Compromise Three fifths of a state’s slave population
would be counted for purposes of representation and taxes
A Fugitive Slave Law required that runaway slaves who escaped to free states must be returned to their owners
ANOTHER COMPROMISE
ELECTIONOF THE PRESIDENT President elected “ indirectly”By the Electoral College- Popular vote winner in each state would “take
all the electoral votes” for that state- -electoral votes are based on the number of
members in Congress per each state- 270 is majority ( today) - If no candidate has majority- House of Rep
chooses – one vote per state ( just twice)
Power of the chief executive /President Power of the President Checked by elections every 4 years Possible impeachment Congress can override presidential veto
AND
BY 1788 NINE OF 13 HAD RATIFIED 1789 WASHINGTON=elected unanimously THE CONSTITUTION IS THE WORLD’S
OLDEST LIVING WRITTEN CONSTITUTION LIVING? What does “ living” mean?