The concep

tual fram

ework for transbo

unda

ry 

water m

anagem

ent

«Erasm

us+»

Project

5617

75‐ЕPP

‐1‐1‐201

5‐1‐DE‐EP

PKA2

‐CBH

E‐JP

Tran

s‐Re

gion

alEn

vironm

entalA

waren

essfor

Sustaina

bleUsage

ofWater

Resources/TR

EASU

RE‐W

ATER

Spea

kerA

kbae

vaL

HK

azak

hsta

nA

stan

a.L

NG

umily

ovE

uras

ian

Nat

iona

lUni

vers

ity

Bar

naul

2017

Mos

tof

the

wor

ld's

popu

latio

nan

dec

osys

tem

sde

pend

onw

ater

reso

urce

sth

atcr

oss

natio

nalb

orde

rs,m

akin

gth

isa

glob

alis

sue.

Wat

ersc

arci

tyis

part

icul

arly

stro

ngly

felt

inC

entr

alA

sia.

Wat

erpr

oble

msi

nth

ere

gion

:

-W

ater

res

ourc

es in

Cen

tral

Asi

a ar

e lim

ited,

als

o th

ey a

re u

neve

nly

dist

ribu

ted

-Pa

rtic

ular

ly d

isas

trou

s man

ifest

them

selv

es g

loba

l clim

ate

chan

ge-

Chr

onic

ove

rspe

ndin

g av

aila

ble

rese

rves

-W

ater

reso

urce

sdi

ffer

ently

used

inA

sian

coun

trie

s.W

hile

upst

ream

larg

eri

vers

loca

ted

inw

ater

-ric

hco

untr

ies

(Taj

ikis

tan

and

Kyr

gyzs

tan)

SyrD

arya

and

Am

udar

ya’s

wat

eris

used

mai

nly

toge

nera

teel

ectr

icity

inth

ew

inte

rtim

e,th

edo

wns

trea

mco

untr

ies

(Kaz

akhs

tan,

Turk

men

ista

n,U

zbek

ista

n)us

ew

ater

for

irri

gatio

nof

agri

cultu

rall

and

inth

esu

mm

er.

-W

ater

user

sar

em

akin

ga

lot

ofm

ista

kes

inw

ater

man

agem

ent

(wat

erw

aste

ful

cons

umpt

ion

and

inef

ficie

ntir

riga

tion

usin

gol

dir

riga

tion

syst

ems)

.-C

onfli

ctsi

tuat

ions

Tran

sbou

ndary water m

anagem

ent is a

 major fo

cus o

f the

 Globa

l Water 

Partne

rship (GWP), estab

lishe

d in 199

6, is an internationa

l network op

en to

 all 

organizatio

ns involved

 in water m

anagem

ent:

‐Governm

ent institutions in

 develop

ed and

 develop

ing coun

tries,

‐United Nations agencies,

‐Bilateral and

 multilateral develop

men

t ban

ks,

‐Professiona

l associatio

ns,

‐Resea

rch institu

tions,

‐Non

‐governm

ental o

rgan

izatio

ns‐T

he priv

ate sector.

Ensurin

g access to

 water fo

r drin

king

 and

 hou

seho

ld purpo

ses it is d

efined

 as the

 top priority in m

ost n

ationa

l legislations. Thu

s, com

petition be

twee

n sectors takes 

place on

 the water fo

r foo

d, water, e

cosystem

s, and

 water fo

r ene

rgy an

d othe

r indu

stria

l customers

An

impo

rtant

conc

ept

intra

nsbo

unda

ryw

ater

man

agem

ent

isan

inte

grat

edap

proa

chto

wat

erre

sour

ces

man

agem

ent,

whi

chsh

ould

take

into

acco

untt

hedi

ffere

ntle

vels

ofse

vera

lasp

ects

ofth

ere

latio

nshi

p.

Water 

man

agem

ent

Sustaina

ble 

Environm

ent

Social stab

ility 

and strategic 

goals

Food

 indu

stry

Energetic

sEm

ploy

men

t

The econ

omic 

grow

th

Water re

sources a

ssessm

ent;

Inform

ation exchan

ge;

Socio‐econ

omic and

 regu

latory docum

ents;

IWRM

 plans

The favorable po

litical enviro

nmen

tRe

gulatory base;

The structure of fina

ncing an

d incentives;

Institu

tiona

l roles

Central ‐

local;

River b

asin;

Public‐priv

ate;

Capa

city building

Globa

l Water Partnership unites s

ome directions fo

r implem

entatio

n of 

integrated

 water re

sources m

anagem

ent

Eff

ectiv

e w

ater

man

agem

ent

Goo

dgo

vern

ance

isa

prer

equi

site

for

effe

ctiv

eim

plem

enta

tion

ofIW

RM

.W

ater

reso

urce

sm

anag

emen

tse

tsth

eru

les

(bot

hfo

rmal

and

info

rmal

)cr

eatin

gin

stitu

tions

and

invo

lve

stak

ehol

ders

inde

cisi

on-m

akin

gon

wat

eris

sues

deci

sion

stra

nspa

rent

,in

clus

ive,

fair,

cohe

rent

and

inte

grat

ive

way

.M

echa

nism

sof

gove

rnan

ceac

ross

coun

tries

and

even

inth

eve

rtica

lhie

rarc

hyw

ithin

the

coun

try.

Руко

водс

тво и уп

равл

ение

 вод

ой •‐ •Water sup

ply (hyd

rograp

hic bo

unda

ries)

pool, can

al sy

stem

, water users associatio

ns (W

UAs), 

water users

Ope

ratio

nal plann

ing, delivery an

d accoun

ting of 

water, o

peratio

n an

d mainten

ance of infrastructure, 

redu

cing

 the risk of emergencies

‐water re

quire

men

ts (a

dministrative bo

unda

ries)

The tran

sport layer, a nationa

l level, region, distric

t, WUA water user

Setting no

rms o

f water con

sumption, flow

 mea

suremen

t, consultin

g, clim

ate inform

ation, best 

practic

e irrigation, ecosystem

 requ

iremen

ts

•Strategy / Plan

ning

Institu

tions

Law

Fina

nce

Participation of stakeh

olde

rsEthics

•Hum

an develop

men

tProfessio

nal D

evelop

men

tEvalua

tion / Ind

icators /

 Inform

ation

Social m

obilizatio

nScientific an

d technical p

oten

tial

Know

ledg

e an

d inno

vatio

n. Partnership 

Practic

e

•Safety for h

ouseho

lds

Food

 safety

nature Safety

Indu

stry and

 Ene

rgy Security

Water se

curity

Capa

city building an

d hu

man

 resources

The process o

f water 

man

agem

ent

Water governa

nceIntegrated

 Water 

Resources 

Man

agem

ent

Environm

ental req

uiremen

ts and

 ada

ptation to clim

ate chan

geEn

vironm

ental req

uiremen

ts and

 ada

ptation to clim

ate chan

ge

‐Con

trol of w

ater protection zone

s alon

g the water delivery ne

tworks and

 hydrau

lic structures.

‐Hydro‐ecological m

onito

ring of water re

sources (hydroche

mical, h

ydro‐

biolog

ical, h

ydrological).

‐Hydrogeolog

ical re

clam

ation works of irrigated

 land

 in order to

 prevent 

degrad

ation.

Long

‐term plann

ing an

d strategy develop

men

t

The ne

ed to

 develop

 a re

gion

al strategy with

 clear and

 tang

ible 

indicators of implem

entatio

n. Such a strategy sh

ould in

clud

e:

‐Ind

icators o

f surface water intakes, groun

dwater, and

 return water 

sources for each coun

try an

d ea

ch area for spe

cific periods of tim

e;‐flow con

trol param

eters a

nd th

e main bo

dies of w

ater, respe

ctively, 

mon

thly re

leases,

‐the rang

e of possib

le cha

nges in

 key param

eters, especially fo

r dry 

years;

‐an en

tire water sa

ving

s in ea

ch cou

ntry fo

r a sp

ecific pe

riod

joint a

ction on

 ada

ptation to clim

ate chan

ge, including

 extreme 

cond

ition

s‐M

anagem

ent o

f risk

s‐req

uiremen

ts fo

r san

itary and

 enviro

nmen

tal w

ater re

leases

‐the

 role of IWRM

 in achieving

 these go

als.

Improv

ing the legal and

 institu

tiona

l framew

ork

Regu

latory base is a set o

f docum

ents ‐code

s, laws a

nd re

gulatio

ns th

at determine the 

rules a

nd procedu

res. The

 implem

entatio

n of existing laws a

nd re

gulatio

ns dep

ends on 

well‐fun

ctioning

 institu

tiona

l framew

ork with

 a clear und

erstan

ding

 of legal re

gulatio

ns 

and effective de

vice m

anagem

ent a

nd app

lication of th

e law. The

refore, it is impo

rtan

t to 

have goo

d laws o

n IW

RM, b

ut m

ore im

portan

tly ‐to work on

 their implem

entatio

n.In Cen

tral Asia

, cou

ntrie

s have taken diffe

rent app

roache

s, but th

ey are com

mitted

 to 

the im

plem

entatio

n of in

stitu

tiona

l and

 legal reforms ba

sed on

 IWRM

 prin

ciples. The

 most n

otab

le of the

m  new

 laws a

bout water ‐Water Cod

e of th

e Re

public of Tajikistan

, ad

opted in 200

0, th

e Water Cod

e of th

e Re

public of K

azakhstan, ado

pted

 in 200

3, th

e Water Cod

e of Turkm

enistan

 from

 200

4, and

 the Water Cod

e of Kyrgyzstan of 200

5. In

 Uzbekistan

, the

 Law

 "On Water and

 Water use" (199

3), w

as re

newed

 in 200

9 with

 the 

additio

n of elemen

ts of IWRM

. Amon

g these water cod

es, cod

es of K

azakhstan, 

Kyrgyzstan

 and

 Uzbekistan

 are th

e most p

rogressiv

e.

Water

Code

ofKa

zakh

stan

(200

3)includ

esprovision

srelatin

gto

the

basin

man

agem

entof

water

resourcesan

dthecreatio

nof

Basin

Coun

cila

san

advisory

body,which

includ

esallstakeh

olde

rs.It

introd

uces

ane

wconcep

tof

environm

entalflo

wsin

orde

rto

achieveaba

lance

betw

een

ecosystem

stab

ility

andthecompe

titivede

man

dforw

ater.

Nationa

lPlanforIWRM

andwater

efficiencyfor2

009‐20

25yearsw

hich

outline

sasetof

legal,fin

ancial,institu

tiona

lan

dtechnicalmea

suresto

create

favorablecond

ition

sfortheim

plem

entatio

nof

IWRM

was

desig

ned

andcompleted

in20

09On

this

basis

,the

Globa

lWater

Partne

rship

(GWP)

hassupp

orted

the

process,an

din

2014

theStatewater

resourcesman

agem

entprog

ram

was

approved

bythego

vernmen

t.

Fina

ncial and

 econo

mic m

echa

nism

sFor

stab

leop

eration

ofthe

entire

water

supp

lyinfrastructure

isim

portan

tto

the

governmen

tand

water

usersno

tonlycoverthe

operatingcosts,bu

talso

covere

xpen

sesfor

depreciatio

nan

dmod

ernizatio

n.Salarie

sof

mostwater

specialists

aresign

ificantly

lower

than

professio

nals

inothe

rsectors,

such

asen

ergy

and

telecommun

ications.

With

outp

rope

rfin

ancing

ofthewater

sector

they

canno

tfulfillthe

irrespon

sibilitie

sfor

operationan

dmainten

ance,up

grad

einfrastructure

andim

plem

entmea

suresto

mitigate

risks.K

eymea

surestoen

sure

thefin

ancialsustaina

bilityof

IWRM

institu

tions

includ

e:

‐the

 introd

uctio

n of volum

etric

 paymen

t for water su

pply se

rvices, as w

ell as w

ater as a

 resource

‐Paymen

ts differen

tiatio

n de

pend

ing on

 the type

 of w

ater usage. For example, fo

r irrigated

 agric

ulture ‐no

t less tha

n 5 pe

rcen

t of farm in

come

‐introdu

ction of th

e principle "polluter p

ays" water con

servation is fully covered

 by the user;

‐social justic

e is achieved

 by cross‐subsidy

‐the

 introd

uctio

n of awards fo

r saving water fo

r water users and

 water m

anagem

ent o

rgan

izatio

ns, 

as well as to preven

t bud

get cuts in dry years

‐the

 introd

uctio

n of pen

altie

s for excessiv

e use of th

e bu

dget

‐Fine

s for violatio

n of enviro

nmen

tal flows

‐Paymen

t rules fo

r enviro

nmen

tal services.

Stakeh

olde

rinteractio

nsan

dwater

ethics

Enha

ncing

the

participation

ofdiffe

rent

subjects

can

ensure

that

water

resources

man

agem

entp

rocesses

andtheirresultsaremoreinclusivean

deffective.

Publicpa

rticipation

canchan

getheinefficient

administrativ

eproced

ures,forexam

ple,

whe

nthede

man

dfor

water

iscontrolledin

accordan

cewith

theinterestsinthefram

eworkof

certainad

ministrativ

ebo

unda

riesor

intheinterestsof

theindu

stry.S

takeho

lder

participationcanen

sure

that

the

principles

ofjustice,

equa

lityan

dstab

ility

inthesupp

lyan

duseof

water

areob

served

inpractic

e.Th

emostprofita

bleis

theestablish

men

tof

jointwater

man

agem

entinstitu

tions,to

increase

unde

rstand

ing

and

supp

ortforthese

institu

tions

from

the

water

man

agem

ent

organizatio

nsan

dwater

users,pu

blicaw

aren

ess,an

dprom

otinglead

ershipan

daccoun

tability

atthelocallevel.

There

have

been

attempts

tocreate

ana

tiona

lwater

boards

asplatform

sfor

coordina

tionam

ongthevario

usministrie

s,de

partmen

tsan

dothe

rorgan

izatio

nson

issue

sof

water

resourcesat

thena

tiona

llevel.B

utthegu

aran

teethat

allstakeho

ldersarerepresen

ted,

andinde

edthat

theCo

uncilisw

orking

onaregu

larb

asis,

isno

taneasy

task.For

exam

ple,

the

Nationa

lWater

Coun

cilinKyrgyzstan

(foun

dedin

2003

)ha

sceased

tofunctio

nin

2009

and

resumed

itsworkinFebrua

ry20

13.

Cap

acity

dev

elop

men

t

IWR

Mis

am

ulti-

laye

red

and

mul

ti-fa

cete

dsy

stem

,th

esu

cces

sful

impl

emen

tatio

nof

whi

chde

pend

son

the

capa

city

ofbo

thm

anag

emen

tan

dw

ater

reso

urce

sm

anag

emen

t.Po

tent

ialh

asfiv

eco

mpo

nent

s:-i

ndiv

idua

ls(k

now

ledg

e,sk

ills,

and

attit

udes

)-

orga

niza

tion

(man

agem

ent,

labo

rpr

oduc

tivity

and

hum

an,

finan

cial

and

info

rmat

ion

reso

urce

s)-f

avor

able

cond

ition

s(po

litic

al,l

egal

and

econ

omic

cond

ition

sand

fisca

linc

entiv

es)

-pa

rtne

rshi

ps(b

etw

een

diff

eren

tor

gani

zatio

nsan

din

the

broa

der

cont

ext)

and

com

mun

ity(lo

cal

com

mun

ities

,co

mm

uniti

esof

prac

tice,

prof

essi

onal

asso

ciat

ions

and

netw

orks

,-p

latf

orm

ofva

riou

sst

akeh

olde

rs,o

nlin

egr

oups

,and

othe

rfo

rms

ofkn

owle

dge

shar

ing)

(Lin

klae

nA

rrie

nsan

dVe

nde

Mon

talv

o,20

13).

Cap

acity

deve

lopm

ent

inits

broa

dest

sens

e-

isth

ein

trod

uctio

nof

IWR

Min

prac

tice

ofre

gion

alan

dna

tiona

lor

gani

zatio

nson

wat

erre

sour

ces

man

agem

ent

and

thei

rin

tern

atio

nalp

artn

ers.

Tofu

rthe

rin

crea

seth

eca

paci

tyin

our

coun

try

focu

sed

onde

velo

pmen

tof

hum

anre

sour

ces;

impr

oved

com

pute

riza

tion,

com

mun

icat

ion

and

acce

ssto

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems;

soci

alm

obili

zatio

nan

dtr

ansp

aren

cyof

info

rmat

ion;

stre

ngth

enin

gsc

ient

ific

and

tech

nolo

gica

lcap

abili

ties

inor

der

toim

prov

ew

ater

man

agem

enta

ndco

ntro

lsys

tem

s;th

epr

actic

eof

shar

ing

know

ledg

ean

din

nova

tion,

and

part

ners

hip.

Hum

an R

esou

rce

Dev

elop

men

t

Cur

rent

ly,t

heto

taln

umbe

rof

empl

oyee

son

Wat

erR

esou

rces

Man

agem

enti

nC

entr

alA

sia,

with

the

exce

ptio

nof

the

Wat

erU

sage

Age

ncy

(WU

A),

isab

out

7000

0pe

ople

.A

nnua

llyse

ctor

mus

tre

crui

tab

out

2,00

0yo

ung

prof

essi

onal

s,pl

usan

othe

r1,

500

isne

cess

ary

for

serv

icin

gW

UA

.E

duca

tiona

lin

stitu

tions

and

univ

ersi

ties

ofhu

man

deve

lopm

ent

reso

urce

sco

ver

thes

ene

eds,

but

the

prob

lem

is,i

nth

ese

ctor

ison

ly10

to15

perc

ent

ofgr

adua

tes;

othe

rsar

elo

okin

gfo

ra

bett

erjo

bel

sew

here

.E

mpl

oym

ent

inth

ew

ater

sect

oris

not

cons

ider

edpr

estig

ious

orw

ell-p

aid.

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trac

tsp

ecia

lists

,it

isne

cess

ary

toin

crea

seth

ew

ages

ofop

erat

ing

pers

onne

l.T

hew

ater

sect

oris

also

face

dw

ithth

epr

oble

mof

agin

gw

orkf

orce

.Wat

erse

ctor

does

n’ta

ttra

cten

ough

grad

uate

san

dhi

ghly

skill

edex

pert

sha

vere

ache

dre

tirem

enta

ge,

that

’sw

hyth

epo

tent

ial

loss

ofin

stitu

tiona

lkn

owle

dge

deem

edto

besi

gnifi

cant

.In

addi

tion,

curr

ent

appr

oach

esto

wat

erm

anag

emen

tar

eno

tal

way

sea

syto

take

the

old

staf

ftha

treq

uire

cont

inuo

usle

arni

ngan

dkn

owle

dge

shar

ing.

Bas

iced

ucat

ion

isim

port

ant,

but

the

curr

ent

chal

leng

esre

quir

epr

ofes

sion

als

and

orga

niza

tions

onw

ater

reso

urce

sha

vebe

enad

apte

dto

the

cons

tant

lych

angi

ngci

rcum

stan

ces.

Thi

sin

turn

requ

ires

the

flexi

bilit

yan

dad

apta

bilit

yw

ithin

trai

ning

orga

niza

tions

.Acc

ordi

ngto

som

ees

timat

es,t

rain

ing

for

engi

neer

ssh

ould

beca

rrie

dou

tw

ithan

inte

rval

of7

to10

year

s.T

his

was

the

mai

nre

ason

for

esta

blis

hing

are

gion

altr

aini

ngce

nter

in20

10in

orde

rto

prov

ide

prof

essi

onal

sin

the

field

ofw

ater

reso

urce

san

dth

ehi

gher

seco

ndar

yle

vel.

Thi

sw

asfo

llow

edby

the

crea

tion

ofse

vera

lnat

iona

ltra

inin

gun

itsun

der

the

ausp

ices

ofth

ena

tiona

lwat

erm

anag

emen

tor

gani

zatio

nsin

Kaz

akhs

tan

(Alm

aty)

,Kyr

gyzs

tan

(Bis

hkek

and

Osh

),Ta

jikis

tan

(Khu

jand

)an

dU

zbek

ista

n(U

rgen

ch,

And

ijan,

Ferg

ana

and

Akb

arab

ad).

Impr

oved

com

pute

riza

tion,

com

mun

icat

ion

and

acce

ss to

info

rmat

ion

The

deve

lopm

ento

fthe

wat

erse

ctor

capa

city

-bui

ldin

gin

volv

escr

eatin

ga

user

-fri

endl

y-d

atab

ases

(reg

iona

l,na

tiona

l,ba

sin

and

loca

l)-

know

ledg

eba

ses

(cur

ricu

la,g

uide

lines

and

othe

rpr

actic

alan

din

form

atio

nal

mat

eria

ls),

anal

ytic

alto

olsa

ndm

odel

s.T

hisw

ork

was

carr

ied

outb

yna

tiona

lwat

erau

thor

ities

,bas

inw

ater

orga

niza

tions

(BW

O)

"Am

udar

ya"

and

"Syr

dary

a"un

der

the

coor

dina

tion

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Can

dth

efin

anci

alsu

ppor

t.W

ww

.gw

p.or

gpo

rtal

cont

ains

aw

ealth

ofin

form

atio

n,in

clud

ing

the

know

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eba

sean

dth

ere

gion

alU

NE

SCO

-IH

EIS

DC

CAW

ater

Info

ww

wca

wat

erin

fone

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mpr

oved

Com

pute

riza

tion,

com

mun

icat

ion

and

acce

ssto

info

rmat

ion

syst

em.

The

mai

nob

ject

ive

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ein

form

atio

nsy

stem

isto

crea

tea

unifi

edsy

stem

ofre

gist

ratio

nof

land

and

wat

erre

sour

ces

with

the

abili

tyto

eval

uate

the

effe

ctiv

enes

sof

thei

rus

ean

dfo

reca

stin

g.T

hus,

this

syst

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low

syo

uto

regu

larl

yas

sess

the

effic

ienc

yof

wat

erus

e,an

dal

low

sman

ager

sto

dete

ctun

prod

uctiv

elo

sses

.U

nfor

tuna

tely

,com

pute

rte

chno

logy

and

deci

sion

supp

ort

syst

ems

inth

ere

gion

are

not

wid

ely

used

,par

ticul

arly

inth

eba

sin

and

loca

llev

els.

Eve

nth

ece

ntra

loff

ice

ofth

ena

tiona

lw

ater

auth

oriti

esco

uld

bene

fitfr

oma

mor

ead

vanc

edus

eof

mod

ern

tool

ssu

chas

geog

raph

icin

form

atio

nsy

stem

s(G

IS),

rem

ote

sens

ing,

asw

ella

sana

lytic

alm

odel

s.T

here

shou

ldbe

mor

ew

ork

done

toes

tabl

ish

and

impr

ove

com

mun

icat

ion,

info

rmat

ion

and

anal

ytic

alto

ols

atlo

cal,

basi

nan

dna

tiona

llev

els.

Soci

al m

obili

zatio

n an

d tr

ansp

aren

cy o

f inf

orm

atio

n

Tost

reng

then

the

capa

city

inth

ew

ater

sect

orsh

ould

bea

syst

emof

soci

alm

obili

zatio

nan

ddi

ssem

inat

ion

ofin

form

atio

nre

late

dto

wat

er.

Thi

ssy

stem

will

impr

ove

the

tran

spar

ency

ofde

cisi

on-m

akin

gon

wat

eran

dfa

cilit

ate

the

adop

tion

ofin

nova

tions

key

stak

ehol

ders

and

the

publ

ic.

Thr

ough

soci

alm

obili

zatio

nof

key

stak

ehol

ders

and

the

publ

icca

nbe

gin

tow

ork

colle

ctiv

ely

with

inth

efr

amew

ork

ofth

ene

wly

esta

blis

hed

bodi

essu

chas

the

WU

Aor

basi

nco

unci

ls,

inor

der

tode

velo

pth

eir

own

deve

lopm

ent

plan

san

dst

rate

gies

,ra

ther

than

impo

sed

from

outs

ide.

Thr

ough

the

diss

emin

atio

nof

info

rmat

ion,

wat

erm

anag

emen

tor

gani

zatio

nsca

nbe

aler

ted

tone

wpr

oble

ms,

prop

ose

mea

sure

sto

addr

ess

them

and

topr

omot

ebe

stpr

actic

em

anag

emen

tofw

ater

reso

urce

s.T

hus,

you

mus

thav

esk

illed

pers

onne

lwho

can

deal

with

the

soci

alm

obili

zatio

nin

the

wat

erm

anag

emen

torg

aniz

atio

nsto

basi

nle

vela

ndsu

b-ba

sins

.

Bui

ldin

g sc

ient

ific

and

tech

nica

l cap

acity

to im

prov

e th

e us

e an

d m

anag

emen

t of w

ater

res

ourc

es

IWR

Mre

quir

esth

ein

tegr

atio

nof

scie

nce

and

indu

stry

inth

epu

rsui

tof

mor

ead

vanc

edte

chno

logi

esan

dlo

cally

test

edan

dad

apte

dso

lutio

ns.

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nece

ssar

yto

stre

ngth

enth

elin

kbe

twee

ned

ucat

ion,

appl

ied

rese

arch

and

best

prac

tices

inth

ere

gion

and

arou

ndth

ew

orld

thro

ugh

inte

rnsh

ips,

invi

ted

inte

rnat

iona

llec

ture

rs,j

oint

regi

onal

and

inte

rnat

iona

ltra

inin

gan

dle

arni

ngfr

ompr

ojec

tsan

dpr

omot

ion

ofbe

stpr

actic

esad

apte

dto

loca

lcon

ditio

ns.

Cap

acity

build

ing

shou

ldbe

usin

gth

ere

sults

ofre

sear

chan

dfie

ldtr

ials

.

It is

mpo

rtant

the

prac

tice

of

shar

ing

know

ledg

e an

d in

nova

tion

partn

ersh

ips

It is

nec

essa

ry th

at v

ario

us w

ater

or

gani

zatio

ns -

natio

nal a

nd

regi

onal

inst

itutio

ns fo

r wat

er

reso

urce

s man

agem

ent,

educ

atio

n an

d re

sear

ch in

stitu

tions

, de

velo

pmen

t age

ncie

s and

in

tern

atio

nal o

rgan

izat

ions

wor

k in

pa

rtner

ship

to c

reat

e op

portu

nitie

s fo

r tra

inin

g an

d as

sist

ance

.

Stim

ulat

ing

IWR

M su

stai

nabi

lity

fact

ors

Wat

erm

anag

emen

tca

nno

tbe

conf

ined

only

with

inth

eim

med

iate

orga

niza

tiona

l,ad

min

istr

ativ

ean

dec

onom

icas

pect

sof

wat

erm

anag

emen

tan

dir

riga

ted

agri

cultu

re.W

ater

reso

urce

sde

term

ine

orat

leas

tinf

luen

ceto

the

way

offu

nctio

ning

polit

ical

,eco

nom

ic,s

ocia

l,ec

onom

ican

dna

tura

lsys

tem

s.C

onve

rsel

y,th

ese

syst

ems

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tefa

vora

ble

cond

ition

sfo

rth

epr

oper

man

agem

ent

ofw

ater

reso

urce

s.W

ater

prof

essi

onal

san

dde

cisi

on-m

aker

ssh

ould

take

into

acco

unt

the

rela

tions

hip

and

mut

ual

influ

ence

and

they

impa

irw

ater

reso

urce

sm

anag

emen

t.T

hesu

cces

san

dsu

stai

nabi

lity

ofIW

RM

depe

nds

onth

eco

mpl

exdy

nam

icso

fint

erna

land

exte

rnal

forc

es

Des

tabi

lizin

g fo

rces

The

aver

age

annu

alra

teof

popu

latio

ngr

owth

inC

entr

alA

sia

rang

esfr

om1.

2to

2pe

rce

nt,d

espi

teth

efa

ctth

ata

larg

epa

rtof

the

popu

latio

nliv

esin

rura

lare

as(e

xcep

tfor

Kaz

akhs

tan)

and

ala

rge

part

ofth

eru

ral

popu

latio

n-

mor

eth

an4

mill

ion

peop

le,

unfo

rtun

atel

y,ar

em

igra

ntw

orke

rs.S

uch

indi

cato

rsin

rura

lare

ascr

eate

spr

essu

reon

the

who

leso

cial

situ

atio

nan

don

wat

erre

sour

ces

inpa

rtic

ular

.Inc

reas

edde

man

dfo

rw

ater

due

toth

ela

rge

com

mun

alne

eds,

asw

ella

sfr

oma

desi

reto

mai

ntai

nth

eru

ral

popu

latio

nsh

are

ofir

riga

ted

land

.Wat

eris

insh

orts

uppl

y.C

hang

ing

ofth

ecl

imat

eC

limat

ech

ange

has

two

effe

cts:

1.th

ene

edfo

rw

ater

will

incr

ease

due

toth

eex

pect

edri

sein

tem

pera

ture

,2.

and

wat

erav

aila

bilit

yw

illde

crea

seas

are

sult

ofm

eltin

ggl

acie

rs.

Urb

aniz

atio

nT

heru

ralp

opul

atio

nis

cons

tant

lym

ovin

gto

the

city

,and

this

can

lead

toa

decr

ease

inth

ear

eaun

der

irri

gatio

nas

urba

ngr

owth

.T

heec

onom

icgr

owth

The

need

for

econ

omic

grow

this

expl

aine

d.It

prov

ides

empl

oym

ent

and

wel

l-bei

ngof

indi

vidu

alsa

ndpe

ople

s,bu

titm

ustb

eac

hiev

edon

asu

stai

nabl

eba

sis.

The

stab

ilizi

ng fo

rce

The

mai

nst

abili

zing

forc

esin

clud

eth

ere

spon

sibl

eat

titud

eof

natio

nalg

over

nmen

tsan

dlo

cal

adm

inis

tratio

ns,b

alan

ced

econ

omic

grow

th,i

mpr

ovem

ento

ffin

anci

alan

dec

onom

icm

echa

nism

sfo

rwat

eran

dag

ricul

ture

sect

ors,

favo

rabl

eso

cial

envi

ronm

ent,

asw

ella

ssc

ient

ific,

educ

atio

nal

and

tech

nolo

gica

lpot

entia

l.T

hepo

litic

alan

dpu

blic

circ

les

face

dw

ithan

urge

ntne

edto

asse

ssth

efu

ture

chal

leng

esof

wat

erre

sour

ces

and

tode

velo

pap

prop

riate

natio

nals

trate

gies

inth

ein

tere

sts

ofm

anan

dna

ture

,tak

ing

into

acco

untt

hein

tere

sts

ofco

asta

lst

ates

.Cro

ss-b

orde

rre

sour

ces

shou

ldno

tbe

seen

asa

limiti

ngfa

ctor

,as

wel

las

anin

cent

ive

forr

egio

nalc

oope

ratio

n.A

dmin

istr

ativ

eau

thor

ities

shou

lden

sure

impl

emen

tatio

nof

the

wat

erpo

licy

and

stra

tegy

thro

ugh

anu

mbe

rofm

echa

nism

s,in

clud

ing

incr

ease

dde

cent

raliz

atio

nan

dsu

ppor

t.Th

eex

istin

gbu

reau

crat

icba

rrie

rsan

dre

allo

catio

nof

the

wat

erse

ctor

inot

hera

reas

shou

ldbe

elim

inat

ed.E

spec

ially

itis

unac

cept

able

dive

rsio

nof

capi

tal

inve

stm

ents

aim

edat

the

wat

er,

land

recl

amat

ion

and

reco

nstru

ctio

n.Fo

ref

fect

ive

man

agem

ento

fwat

erre

sour

cesn

eed

toin

stal

lthe

join

tlia

bilit

yre

gim

e.E

cono

mic

deve

lopm

ent

Itw

illde

pend

onth

elo

ng-te

rmas

sess

men

tof

wat

eran

dla

ndre

sour

ces.

Like

wis

e,th

ew

ater

sect

orha

sto

adap

tto

new

dest

inat

ions

and

redi

strib

utio

nof

prod

uctiv

efo

rces

.

Impr

ovin

g th

e fin

anci

al a

nd e

cono

mic

mec

hani

sms f

or th

e w

ater

sect

or a

nd a

gric

ultu

re

Such

arr

ange

men

ts h

ave

yet t

o de

velo

p in

Cen

tral A

sia,

but

they

can

enc

oura

ge fa

rmer

s and

oth

er

mor

e ef

ficie

nt u

se o

f ava

ilabl

e w

ater

reso

urce

s. Th

e in

trodu

ctio

n of

fina

ncia

l and

eco

nom

ic m

easu

res

requ

ires s

trict

dis

cipl

ine

and

cont

rol o

n th

e pa

rt of

ban

ks, l

ocal

aut

horit

ies,

wat

er c

ompa

nies

and

w

ater

use

rs.

Soci

al e

nvir

onm

ent

dete

rmin

es th

e le

vels

of e

mpl

oym

ent a

nd p

over

ty, a

s wel

l as a

cces

s to

drin

king

wat

er a

nd d

omes

tic

wat

er su

pply

. Loc

al c

omm

uniti

es, w

ith th

e pa

rtici

patio

n of

men

and

wom

en, c

an h

elp

to e

nsur

e th

at

the

orga

niza

tiona

l stru

ctur

e of

IWR

M to

fit i

nto

the

fram

ewor

k of

loca

lly e

stab

lishe

d tra

ditio

ns a

nd

acce

pted

. Onl

y in

clo

se c

oope

ratio

n w

ith th

e lo

cal c

omm

uniti

es to

re-e

stab

lish

the

auth

oriti

es w

ith

publ

ic p

artic

ipat

ion,

such

as W

UA

s and

cha

nnel

tips

to a

chie

ve tr

ue re

cogn

ition

and

acc

epta

nce.

Th

us, t

he n

eces

sary

pub

lic o

pini

on p

olls

for n

on-g

over

nmen

tal o

rgan

izat

ions

, as w

ell a

s wat

er

man

agem

ent a

utho

ritie

s at a

ll le

vels

.Sc

ient

ific,

edu

catio

nal a

nd te

chno

logi

cal p

oten

tial

This

-th

e ke

y po

tent

ial i

nteg

ratio

n of

aca

dem

ic k

now

ledg

e an

d pr

actic

es th

roug

h tra

inin

g an

d ad

apta

tion

of k

now

ledg

e an

d ex

perie

nce

to lo

cal n

eeds

, as w

ell a

s pro

mot

ing

inno

vatio

n. T

he o

rigin

al

conc

ept o

f the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

IWR

M in

the

Ferg

ana

Valle

y w

as e

ssen

tially

dev

elop

ed w

ith th

e in

volv

emen

t of r

esea

rch

orga

niza

tions

and

aca

dem

ia. T

he w

ork

of st

akeh

olde

r mee

tings

in th

e co

urse

of

the

proj

ect,

the

loca

l pro

vinc

ial u

nive

rsiti

es w

ere

invo

lved

. The

se in

stitu

tions

als

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REFERE

NCE

S

1.Integrated

water

resources

man

agem

ent

inCe

ntralAs

ia:Prob

lems

ofman

agem

ent

oflarge

tran

sbou

ndaryriv

ers.Technicalthe

maticpu

blication.

Globa

lWater

Partne

rship/www.gwp.org

2.Ca

pNet

(200

5)Plan

sfor

integrated

water

resources

man

agem

ent.

Textbo

okan

dop

erationa

lman

agem

ent.

Available

athttp://w

ww.tv

rl.lth

.se/filea

dmin/tvrl/files/vvrf01/IW

RM_p

lans‐

man

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11)W

ater

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Past,P

resent

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thrithilake,H

.(ed

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agem

ent:from

theo

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e.Ce

ntralA

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dGWP‐CA

C,Tashkent,U

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Man

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operation.

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celeratin

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alizatsiya‐

IWRM

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Objectiv

esin

CentralA

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7.GWP(200

4)TechnicalC

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Chan

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Han

dboo

kforDevelop

ingIntegrated

Water

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agem

entS

trateg

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ndwater

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IFAS

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Water

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anagem

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9.Th

estud

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Water

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(201

3)10

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water

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acompa

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elabo

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water

resourcesman

agem

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ljou

rnal"W

ater

ResourcesM

anagem

ent"

1(3‐4):17

7‐19

611

.As

sessingtheim

pact

ofthe"IWRM

‐Fergana

"project.Co

llectionof

ScientificPa

pers:U

seof

water

and

land

resourcesan

den

vironm

entalp

roblem

sin

theEECC

Aregion

inthelight

ofclim

atechan

ge.S

ICTashkent

12.Nationa

lIW

RMplan

ofactio

nan

deffectiven

essof

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resourcesun

til20

25.Th

eRe

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zakh

stan

.Astan

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ters,P.(20

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tiona

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sbou

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eration.

17.T

CGWPGloba

lWater

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rshipTechnicalC

ommittee

,Stockho

lm,Swed

en.