The concept of Diabetes & CV risk: A lifetime risk challenge
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The concept of Diabetes & CV risk:A lifetime risk challenge
Priorities in the management of type 2 diabetes:
Past, present and future
Sir George Alberti, MDDiabetes UK ChairmanNewcastle, United Kingdom
Cardio Diabetes Master ClassEuropean chapterMunich, GermanyMay 6-8, 2011
Slide lecture prepared and held by:
Presentation topic
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TYPES OF DIABETES
“Diabetes mellitus … manifests itself in two principle clinical forms (a) acute and (b) chronic. Acute diabetes usually occurs in persons under 40 years of age … in children and young adults. Chronic diabetes … occurs as a rule in elderly people … and often in those who are … decidedly obese.
Saundby, 1907
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GROWING RATES OF DIABETES WORLDWIDE
• 30 million people in 1985• 100 million in 1994• 200 million in 2003• 380 million by 2025• 3.8 million deaths per year
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Global projections for the diabetes epidemic: 2007-2025 (millions)
IDF Atlas 2006
46.5 80.373%
67.0
99.448%
10.4 18.780%
24.5 44.581%
53.2
64.121%
28.3
40.543%
16.2 32.7102%
World 2007 = 246
million 2025 = 380
millionIncrease 55% Diabetes Atlas, 3rd edition, IDF 2006
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The relationship between BMI and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in Europe
5
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5
4.4
6.7
11.621.3
42.1
2.22.9
4.3 5.0
15.827.6
40.3
54.0
93.2
8.110
Women
Men
40
70
100
0<22 <23 23-
23.9
Body mass index (kg/m2)
24.9 26.9 28.9 30.9 32.9 34.924- 25- 27- 29- 31- 33- 35+
Ris
k of
type
2 d
iabe
tes
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Android (Apple) vs Gynoid (Pear) Obesity
Jean Vague 1947
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PRIORITIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DM
• Early aggressive management of glucose• ?start at “prediabetic” levels?• Early aggressive management of CVD risk factors
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PRIORITIES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DM
Key Challenges• Prevention • Behavioural change• Cellular and molecular mechanisms• Genetic basis??• Stem cell therapy• B-cell replacement/regeneration• Safe, effective insulin sensitisers• Anti-obesity agents• CVD prevention
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THE UNMET NEEDS: TREATMENT
• Better education• Effective behavioural therapy• Preservation of B-cell function• Specific prevention of complications• Better monitoring of control• Prevention of cardiovascular disease• Societal interventions• INDIVIDUALISED THERAPY