The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics William H. Schmidt.

The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics

William H. Schmidt

Center for the Study of Curriculum

Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM):

Are world-class

Can potentially elevate the academic performance of America’s students

Most states have a long way to go: some less

Teachers and parents overwhelmingly support them

But we must convince students as well


Top-Achieving Countries Composite Mathematics Standards


State Level AgreementGrade

Topic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Whole Number: Meaning Whole Number: Operations lMeasurement Units l lCommon Fractions Equations & FormulasData Representation & Analysis l l2-D Geometry: Basics2-D Geometry: Polygons & CirclesMeasurement: Perimeter, Area & Volume lRounding & Signifi cant FiguresEstimating Computations Whole Numbers: Properties of OperationsEstimating Quantity & SizeDecimal FractionsRelation of Common & Decimal FractionsProperties of Common & Decimal Fractions m mPercentages mProportionality ConceptsProportionality Problems2-D Geometry: Coordinate Geometry Geometry: Transformations Negative Numbers, I ntegers, & Their PropertiesNumber Theory Exponents, Roots & Radicals m mExponents & Orders of Magnitude m mMeasurement: Estimation & Errors Constructions Using Straightedge & Compass m m m m3-D Geometry Geometry: Congruence & Similarity Rational Numbers & Their Properties m m mPatterns, Relations & Functions Proportionality: Slope & Trigonometry m m m m m

I ntended by all states lI ntended by none of the states m

I ntended by more than half of the top-achieving countries


The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics


Possible Standard Based on Composite Profile of the Top-Achieving Countries


Number of Topics Intended at Each Grade for Various Standards


CCSSM Congruence and NAEP Mathematics Performance

States with past mathematics

standards that were more

similar to the CCSSM had

statistically significantly higher

NAEP 2009 performance.


How Standards May Affect Student Achievement

Standards

ClassroomInstruction

StudentAchievement


Standards Relationship to Student AchievementIs Influenced by . . .

Instructional support materials produced by state, e.g., teacher guides

Professional development for teachers sponsored/authorized by state

Assessments and assessment cut-points that support state’s standards


CCSSM Congruence and NAEP Mathematics Performance

The change in the R-square

between a model including only

the congruence measure to one

that adjusted the congruence

measure for the NAEP cut points

yielded a 12% increase.


Factors Affecting CCSSM Implementation

State assessment definitions of proficiency

Measure of poverty

Percent of low-income family students attending public schools


Relating State Standards to NAEP 2009 Scores

*p < 0.016 **p < .001


Consistency With the CCSSM

Consistency of state standards with the CCSSM range from 66% — 83%

The measure of consistency for the A+ standard is about 90%


Consistency With the CCSSM

Most Like CCSS

Alabama California Florida Georgia IndianaMichigan Minnesota Mississippi Oklahoma Washington

Idaho North Dakota Oregon South Dakota TennesseeUtah

Alaska Arkansas Colorado Delaware HawaiiMassachusetts New Mexico New York North Carolina OhioPennsylvania South Carolina Texas Vermont West Virginia

Connecticut Illinois Maine Maryland MissouriMontana Nebraska New Hampshire Virginia Wyoming

Least Like CCSS

Arizona Iowa Kansas Kentucky LouisianaNevada New Jersey Rhode Island Wisconsin


Representative Sample of Teachers in Each CCSSM-Adopted State

90% have heard of the CCSSM

70% have read them

More than 90% like the idea of Common Standards


Teachers Thoughts about CCSSM

After reading sample CCSSM topics for their grade, ~80% say CCSSM is “pretty much the same” as their former standards

If CCSSM places a topic they currently teach in a different grade only about ¼ would drop it


Teachers Sense of Preparedness to Teach CCSSM Topics

Grades 1-5: About ½ feel well prepared to teach their topics

Grades 6-8: Around 60% feel well prepared to teach their topics

High School: Around 70% feel well prepared to teach their topics


Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM):

Are world-class

Can potentially elevate the academic performance of America’s students

Most states have a long way to go: some less

Teachers and parents overwhelmingly support them

But we must convince students as well

The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics William H. Schmidt.

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