The Cold War

Allies Become Enemies•Competing political philosophies–Democracy vs. Communism

•US upset with Nonaggression Pact

•USSR blamed Allies for not invading sooner

Yalta Conference• Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin1.Agree to divide Germany

into zones2.Germany have to pay USSR

reparations3.Eastern European countries

would have free elections

United Nations•New peacekeeping organization

•USA and USSR join (48 others)•New York City•Security Council

–Power to investigate and settle–5 permanent memebers

•Br., China, Fr., US, USSR–Veto power

•Differing Goals

Iron Curtain•USSR wants buffer from invasion• Installs communist gov’t

– Albania– Bulgaria– Hungary– Czechoslovakia– Romania– Poland– Yugoslavia

•Truman protests Stalin ignores

Europe divided•Eastern and Western Europe split

•Germany divided into East Germany and West Germany–Berlin (in E.G. is split)

•“Iron Curtain”–Churchill–Democratic West –Communist East

Truman Foreign Policy

•Containment–Blocking Soviet influence–Stopping expansion of Communism

–Forming alliances –Aiding weaker countries resist

•Truman Doctrine•Marshall Plan

–Assistance program to rebuild Western Europe

•Berlin Airlift–USSR held W. Berlin hostage–Hoped Allies would surrender–11 months Allies flew in supplies–May, 1949 Soviets admit defeat

•Lift blockade

World Wide Effects

•NATO–Western Alliances

•Warsaw Pact–Eastern Alliance

•Berlin Wall (1961)