The Cold war

America

Present to Aj.Pattiya Phinichka

COLD WAR1945 - 1991

America Russia

Harry S. TrumanThe 33rd President of

the United States

Joseph StalinThe leader of the Soviet Union

America

Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America

The Cold War was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of Eastern Europe. The west was led by the United States and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union. These two countries became known as superpowers. Although the two superpowers never officially declared war on each other, they fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race, and the space race.

The Cold War began not too long after World War II ended in 1945. Although, the Soviet Union was an important member of the Allied Powers, there was great distrust between the Soviet Union and the rest of the Allies. The Allies were concerned with the brutal leadership of Joseph Stalin as well as the spread of communism. The Cold War came to an end with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

The reason why was it called Cold War is that this war was the psychological war, avoiding physical fighting, but using war representative or using psychology instead of weapons and fighting of technical matter, notion, economic and politics, and it is also a competition of collecting dangerous weapons and strong armies

Causes of Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America

* American fear of communist attack* Truman’s dislike of Stalin* USSR’s fear of the American’s atomic bomb * USSR’s dislike of capitalism* USSR’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany* America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets* USSR’s expansion west into Eastern Europe and broken election promises* USSR’s fear of American attack* USSR’s need for a secure western border* USSR’s aim of spreading world communism

Purposes of Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America

It was the time period that The Soviet Union was very powerful. The Soviet Union was trying to spread the communism to other countries. The US was concern about the spreading of the communism would spread to their country.

The Cold War was a fight between two superpower countries. There was no direct fight between two countries but they tried to show their military powers and show that they were the most powerful country in the world. The US and The USSR engaged in a number of proxy wars around the world, where the communist backed forces fought against backed by the US and other Western powers.

Media Propaganda (1945-1991) The United States of America

Propaganda is one of the Liberal Democratic Party and the communists often used.

To create feelings and attitudes about their country, using words printed and published documents about the life and culture of people in their countries to demonstrate that they love freedom, justice and peace. While opponents decry it as an aggressor and imperialist

Marshall Plan (1945-1991)The United States of America

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

The plan was in operation for four years beginning April 8th 1947.

The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-devastated regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, make Europe prosperous again, and prevent the spread of communism.

The Marshall Plan required a lessening of interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and encouraged an increase in productivity, labor union membership, as well as the adoption of modern business procedures.

Science and technology (1945-1991)The United States of America

High flying Spy planes were part of the general space

research. Aircraft such the U-2 and the SR-71 flew missions over the Soviet Union to collect intelligence. In May of 1961, a U-2 aircraft flown by Air Force pilot Gary Powers was forced down over the Soviet Union. This caused some foreign relations problems between the U.S. and Russia, and intensified the Cold War.

Space RaceIn 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, a

satellite into orbit around the earth. Soon after, the United States Congress created the National Aeronautical and Space Administration, or NASA to develop American space technology. This created the Space Race during the Cold War. The Soviets put the first man into space in 1961, and the U.S. put the first man on the moon in 1969. Both countries also developed military applications for space, such as spy satellites.

Science and technology (1945-1991)The United States of America

Satellites and Deep Space ProbesFrom the 1970s through today many countries

have sent satellites and probes into space. The U.S. leads the way today with the largest space program. In the late 1970s the U.S. developed a reusable space vehicle, the Space Shuttle.

The shuttle has been used to launch hundreds of satellites and probes. Today these include, weather, television and communication, navigational, and military satellites. Probes have been sent to the ends of our solar system and have explored planets such as, Mars and Venus. The Hubble Space Telescope has been able to send back amazing pictures of other solar systems, some similar to our own.

Weapons (1945-1991) The United States of America

Lockheed U-2 : U-2 designed to fly in high ceiling and its one of the top secret of US. U-2 was unveiled to the world for the first time by shot down over the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960. The US Air Force and CIA use of U-2 flew in several countries such as China, Cuba, Vietnam and other communist countries.Builder: Lockheed Air Service, FL (USA).Type: high-altitude strategic reconnaissance jet seat.Engine : Turbo jet, Pratt and Whitney J-57-C, 4990 kg thrust.Wingspan : 24.38 m.Length : 15.11 mHeight : 3.96 mEmpty weight : 6800 kgHigh speed : 795 km / hrTravel speed : 740 km /hr


USS Enterprise (CVN-65), formerly CVA(N)-65, is an inactive United States Navy aircraft carrier. She was the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and the eighth United States naval vessel to bear the name. Like her predecessor of World War II fame, she is nicknamed "Big E". At 1,123 ft (342 m), she is the longest naval vessel ever built. Her 93,284-long-ton (94,781 tonnes) displacement ranked her as the 12th-heaviest supercarrier, after the 10 carriers of the Nimitz class and the USS Gerald R. Ford. Enterprise had a crew of some 4,600 service members.


Both sides built powerful radar station in 1950s to watch the skies for any sign of an attack by the other side. The U.S built radar stations like the one shown below all across. Canada and Greenland, where they could watch the entire Arctic region. Any jet bomber attack from the Soviet Union would have to pass over that area to reach the U.S.


By the mid-1960s both sides had developed ICBMs, orIntercontinental Ballistic Missiles, with nuclear warheads. These missiles made the Cold War far more dangerous, because there was no defense against them.

The United States of AmericaWeapons (1945-1991)

SR -71 Black Bird : Lockheed SR -71 aircraft developed by Lockheed YF -12 was flown for the first time on April 26, 1962 in the Nevada desert. RS-71 developed from YF-12 in 1963. It’s first aircraft which flew in speed 3 mach(3,000 km). Break world record first time in 1965. RS-71 active in the US Air Force and NASA and referred to as Black Bird.Builder : Lockheed Aircraft ServiceType : 2 seat liners strategic vision alignedEngine : Turbo jet, Pratt and Whitney JT 11D 20 B. The static thrust of 10,430 kilograms and 14,740 kilograms of air when the second combustion air.Wingspan : 16.95 m.Length : 32.74 mHeight : 6.64 mEmpty weight : 27,215 kgTakeoff Weight : 77,110 kgMaximum speed : more than Mach 3 (3,220 km / h).

1938

1950

1945

1948

The Marshall Plan was an American

initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion in economic

support to help rebuild Western

European economies after the end of World

War II.

The city of Berlin was an island in the middle of the Soviet controlled zone. The west sent supplies there via

railroads and roads. However, the Soviets cut

off Berlin from their external supplies and

food.

Without going to war or giving up the city of Berlin, the only option the western

countries had was to try and fly in all the

supplies.

The Morgenthau Plan was created

to eliminate Germany's ability to wage war by eliminating its

armament industry, and the

removal or destruction of

other key industries basic to military strength.

On May 12, 1949 the Soviet Union stopped the blockade and the

airlift was over.


The Potsdam Conference

divided Germany into 4 parts

include Berlin in the Soviet Zone.

After Yalta conference, Soviet

started the Cold War.

1947

The Korean War was fought between South Korea and communist North Korea. It was

the first major conflict of the Cold War as the Soviet Union supported

North Korea and the United States

supported South Korea. The war ended with little resolution.

The Vietnam War was fought between communist

North Vietnam and the government of Southern Vietnam. The North was supported by communist

countries such as the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. The South was supported by France and the United

States.

Finally, The United States lost the Vietnam War

The Warsaw Convention, is an

international convention which

regulates liability for international carriage

of persons, luggage, or goods performed

by aircraft for reward.Originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw , it

was amended in 1955 at The

Hague, Netherlands.

The Cuban Missile Crisis or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day

confrontation between the United

States and the Soviet

Union concerning Soviet ballistic

missile deployment in Cuba.

During 1989 and 1990, the Berlin Wall came down, borders

opened, and free elections ousted Communist regimes everywhere in eastern Europe. In late 1991

the Soviet Union itself dissolved into its component republics. With stunning speed, the Iron

Curtain was lifted and the Cold War came to an end.

America becomes the most powerful country.


1955

1991

1955

1962

Effects of Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America

Effects on culture

The Cold War left its mark on art, poetry, movies, comic books, and much more as cultural exchange eased Cold War tensions.

-Propaganda was a major influence in the perspectives of Americans towards the communist states. (e.g. sci-fi movies, anti-communism movies)

-“Nuclear preparedness” became a part of everyday life - ordinary people built and stocked bomb shelters in suburban back yards. Prominent political figures exaggerated the communist threat (e.g. McCarthyism). These men created an aura of paranoia, distrust and fear of the government as much as of the enemy.

-Increased security


Effects on politics

-Fear of communism shaped the internal politics of the United States and left a legacy that has endured to this day.

-January 17, 1961: Eisenhower warns of the military industrial complex and fear of the government as much as of the enemy.

-Cuban Missile Crisis: 1962- An early example of communist containment in foreign countries during the cold war that comes close to direct confrontation.

-Fear leads to paranoia within HUAC. FBI and CIA were used to question presumed communists.

-Combination of Pentagon Papers (1971) and the Watergate Scandal (1972) lead to public distrust in the government.

-President Ronald Reagan brings back focus to the Cold War while simultaneously focusing on the improvement of the nation's economy with Reaganomics.

-More military spending and lower taxes brought a debt driven consumption boom which was accompanied by high interest rates which then led to budget deficit from 2.6% 1981 to 6% in 1983.


Effects on Economics

Essentially, the United States won the Cold war by out-producing its enemies by having a low-saving, high-consumption economy. The unsustainable budget and the frail American household finances are the negative results of the Americas consumption-led growth policy.

Negative

-Stagflation that defined the 70's

-Unemployment rose

-Increased deficit spending and higher government debt which in turn caused interest rates to increase sustained increases in military

-National debt rose

Positive

-Free market capitalism

-Increase government spending created employment and additional economic growth as well as contributing to technological development

Thank you

The Cold war

Education

Transcript of The Cold war