The Cold War
description
Transcript of The Cold War
![Page 1: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Cold War
![Page 2: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Cold War• Containment• Mutually Assured
Destruction• Korean War, 1950-
1953• Cuban Missile Crisis,
1962• Afghanistan, 1979-
1989• Mikhail Gorbachev
The Kitchen Debates, 1959
![Page 3: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The First Phase, 1947-1953• George Kennan’s “Long
Telegram” and the policy of containment
• “Lessons” of World War II• Truman Doctrine• Creation of NATO and
Warsaw Pact• Korean War, 1950-1953
US and Soviet soldiers meet onthe Elbe, April, 1945
![Page 4: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The New Superpowers
• US– Capitalist System– Democratic Ideals– Russian support for
Communist International
• Russia/USSR– Communism– Authoritarian
Politics– US Intervention in
Russian Civil War– US failure to help
Republicans in Spanish Civil War
![Page 5: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Recent Problems:A Bipolar World
• US– Russian refusal to
demobilize– Russian treatment
of Poland, Eastern Europe - The Iron Curtain
– Chinese Civil War– 1949 Russian
explosion of A-Bomb
– Espionage
• USSR– US delay in
invading France– Truman Doctrine of
1947– Containment– US nuclear
supremacy– US technological
advantages– NATO, Marshall
Plan
![Page 6: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Berlin Airlift of 1949: What were we doing and why?
![Page 8: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Technology• Threat of nuclear
weapons• Deterrence and
MAD• Arms control• Massive retaliation
![Page 9: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
US dilemma: how to respond to a Communist invasion of Korea without starting World War III?
“Korea is outside the United States sphere of influence. We have no vital interests there” - American Secretary of State Dean Acheson, 1949.
![Page 11: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• “We have won an armistice on a single battleground - not peace in the world. We may not now relax our guard nor cease our quest” - President Eisenhower, 1953.
![Page 14: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
New US Defense Policies• 1950: NSC 68
recommended tripling defense budget
• 1952: US introduced peacetime conscription
• 1953: US builds first H-bomb
• 1950-1953: US sends more military personnel to Europe than to Asia
• 1955: (West) Germany rearmed
The King gets drafted, 1958
![Page 15: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
New Soviet Policies• Funding for “Wars of
Liberation”• Launching of Sputnik,
1957• Creation of Berlin Wall,
1961• Imposed tight controls on
Eastern Europe• Built links to Castro in
Cuba and elsewhere in Latin America
![Page 16: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phase Two: 1953-1979• USSR and USA want
to avoid nuclear war• So they fight “proxy”
wars in the Third World
• Connections to wars of anticolonialism
• Few direct confrontations Soviet advisors in Vietnam, 1966
![Page 17: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962• USSR attempted to place
long-range nuclear missiles in Cuba
• JFK ordered a naval blockade of Cuba
• US went to highest alert level ever
• Compromise reached, hot line established between White House and Kremlin
• Tensions high
![Page 18: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Arab-Israeli Wars• US supported Israel• USSR supported Arabs• Wars in 1956, 1967,
1973, 1982• Both sides get to “field
test” their equipment• US and USSR fuel wars,
but also stop them
Israeli pilots in 1973 flying the American-made F-4 Phantom
![Page 19: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Cold War in the Third World• Building of US and
Soviet military bases worldwide
• US and USSR funding of wars
• Afghanistan, 1979• India and the “non-
aligned” movement• China and the
Cultural RevolutionUS supported mujahedeen rebel in Afghanistan. It seemed like a good idea at the time
![Page 20: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Final Phase, 1980-1991• Reagan and “evil empire”
rhetoric• SDI and massive US
military spending• Alliances with Saudi
Arabia to reduce USSR oil values, bring Arab states into US alliances
• Defeat USSR with economic effort, not direct military confrontation Building tight US – Saudi links also
seemed like a good idea at the time
![Page 21: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Soviet Initiatives• Perestroika
(restructuring) and Glasnost (openness)
• USSR spending 50% of its GDP on defense
• Sign bipartisan disarmament agreements
• Seek to use the US as a partner not an enemy
• Dismantle Warsaw Pact, remove troops from Eastern Europe
“I was talking about another time and another era” – Reagan when asked about his “evil empire” statement of 1982
![Page 22: The Cold War](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062310/56816487550346895dd660de/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The End of History?