The Cold War - Weeblysocials11hall.weebly.com/uploads/3/2/3/3/3233816/ss11... · 2020. 2. 19. ·...
Transcript of The Cold War - Weeblysocials11hall.weebly.com/uploads/3/2/3/3/3233816/ss11... · 2020. 2. 19. ·...
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The Cold War Begins:
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The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
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The Ideological Struggle Soviet &
Eastern Bloc Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western
Democracies
GOAL spread world-wide Communism
GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.
METHODOLOGIES:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of the Developing World [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars” or “cold wars”
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
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Stockpiled weapons: conventional,
nuclear, biological, chemical, long range
bombers, missiles, and atomic subs.
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USSR
• USSR thought Capitalistic countries
would attack through East Germany;
therefore, took control over the
countries of Eastern Europe and
established communist governments
there.
• China and Taiwan became
communistic
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USA
» In fear mode: established
Committee on Un-American
Activities to root out communists.
Chaired by Senator Joseph
McCarthy. (McCarthy Era)
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CANADA
• Not as much hysteria, but still
some fear of the “Red Menace”
• Fear of union leaders, artists,
peace activists, and intellectuals
• Padlock Law—used to shut down
suspected organizations and
newspapers.
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WHAT ARE WE
STUDYING?
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Post-War Germany
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Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)
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The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap?”
} The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949.
} Now there were two nuclear superpowers!
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain
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Warsaw Pact (1955)
} U. S. S. R.
} Albania
} Bulgaria
} Czechoslovakia
} East Germany
} Hungary
} Poland
} Rumania
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Premier Nikita Khrushchev
About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist. If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don't invite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you. -- 1956
De-Stalinization Program
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The Korean War: A “Police Action” (1950-1953)
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung
“Domino Theory”
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The Suez Crisis: 1956-1957
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Sputnik I (1957)
The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!
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U-2 Spy Incident (1960)
Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was
shot down over Soviet airspace.
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Paris, 1961
Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks that
JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be rolled.
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The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
Checkpoint Charlie
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Ich bin ein Berliner! (1963)
President Kennedy tells Berliners
that the West is with them!
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Khruschev Embraces Castro, 1961
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Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)
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Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
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Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!
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Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
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Vietnam War: 1965-1973