The Cold War (1945-1992) Chapter 18
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Transcript of The Cold War (1945-1992) Chapter 18
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The Cold War (1945-1992)Chapter 18
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What is a “Cold War”
Definition: The Cold War (1945-1992) was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between communist and democratic nations.Are you a commie? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w86QhV7whjs&feature=related
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Could Nuclear War Happen?
Duck and Coverhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0K_LZDXp0ITV Warninghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQLighO1U8o&feature=relatedAttack Scene http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VG2aJyIFrA&feature=related
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USA vs USSR-Political
Democracy government by people representative direct voting multi party systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States
Totalitarianism government one/few “total” control 1 party system
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USA vs USSR-Economic
Capitalism Laissez-Faire government hands off private ownership economic classes Market Economy
Socialism government ownership classless society equality of people Command Economy
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USA vs USSR-Social
Individualism individual > group do your own thing what’s best for you
Collectivism group > individual one for all, all for one what’s best for group
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US Reaction-United Nations
Creation of United Nations (1945-46)Goal: International peace keeping organization Success or Failure?
http://www.un.org/
Current Leader: Ban Ki-moon
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Structure of UN
General Assembly: – Every country has an ambassador – Each country gets 1 vote (193 members currently)• http://www.un.org/en/members/
– Power to discuss and recommend action– US Ambassador Susan Rice• http://usun.state.gov/leadership/c31461.htm
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Structure of UNSecurity Council:
15 Members5 Permanent members (Why?)
USARussia (USSR)Great BritainFranceChina
10 Rotate-2 year termPowers: Take action
Economic sanctions Military force
Examples?http://www.un.org/en/sc/
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United States Policy
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Marshall PlanGeorge Marshall-US Secretary of StateGoal: Rebuild Europe, Stop Communism
Reality-Buying AlliesWho and how much?
Portugal: 51 millionGreece: 707 millionAustria: 678 millionTurkey: 225 millionItaly: 1.5 billionFrance 2.7 billion Belgium/Luxembourg:546 mil
Netherland: 1 billionWest Germany: 1.4 billion Denmark: 273 millionSweden: 107 million Norway 236 million UK: 3.19 billion
USA Debt? http://www.usdebtclock.org/
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Containment
Definition: policy created by the US to stop the spread of communism. (George Kennan)Communist: North Korea, China, Southeast Asia, VietnamExamples: Korean War (1950-1953), Vietnam War (1960’s-1970’s), Attacks vs Cuba, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979)
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Truman Doctrine
Harry Truman: PresidentDefinition: US has the right to help anyone
resisting armed aggression USA gives the USA the right Examples: Korean War, Vietnam War,
Operation Desert Storm, War on Terrorism
Policeman of the World!
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McCarthyismSenator Joe McCarthy (Wisc)
Investigate and arrest Court trials (never a conviction)
Red Scare-Fear of communism in the USACommunist denied the right to vote
Loyalty oathsNo freedom of speech for communists
House Committee on Un-American ActivitiesCreation of black listsWar vs subversivesBook bansRuined careers
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Cold War Conflict
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Berlin Airlift
Soviets Blockade West Berlin-1948East and West BerlinWhy is West Berlin important?
Symbol of Cold WarWould be cause of WW3
US Response: fly everything to West BerlinSoviet response: Berlin wall-a wall separating East/West Berlin
Soviet goal: stop people from leavinghttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=candy+bomber&qpvt=candy+bomber&FORM=VDRE#view=detail&mid=06CE651E10BFAD985E0506CE651E10BFAD985E05
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Korean War 1950-1953
North Korea (Com) vs South Korea (Dem)US involvement-to stop the spread of
communism (Containment/Truman Doctrine)North-backed by China and USSRSouth-backed by United Nations/NATOStops invasion-countries remain divided
Technically still at war-No peace treatyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZpePOqpzAQ&feature=relatedIssues today? US Military presence
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Berlin Wall 1961Purpose-separate East and West Berlin
28 mile long fence at firstConcrete wallMine fieldsGuard towers and dogsEast Berlin becomes prison
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwQsTzGkbiY
Escapes-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExOYvW5vCj4Movie Clip-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tM1aUiBrGB8Fall of the wall (1989) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snsdDb7KDkgSignals end of Eastern Bloc Alliance
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Bay of Pigs InvasionBackground
(1955) Communist revolution in CubaUSA opposition-Too close
JFK (USA), Khrushchev (USSR), Castro (Cuba)President Kennedy’s Decision
Arm Cuban revolutionaries (CIA trained)Invade Bay of PigsStart Cuban revolution
Results: FailureJFK looked weakToo young to be president, too inexperienced, Relationship with U.S. military (not good)
Does this lead to JFK assassination?
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Cuban Missile Crisis
USA, USSR, Cuba-Closest to World War 3 in historyIssue: Balance of Power- USA, USSR
MAD: Mutual Assured Destruction USSR: put missiles in Cuba (90 miles from USA) in
response Bay of Pigs invasion Shifts the “balance of power”USA>USSR or USA<USSR or USA=USSRWHICH IS IT?
Thirteen Days http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSA7Evcy7iE
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Cuban Missile CrisisKennedy’s options:
nuclear attacklimited attackinternational politicsblockade of Cuba threats (ultimatum)ignore it invade Cuba
JFK’s Speech to nation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0MUbVQl9NsJFK’s decision: blockade, ultimatum Game of Nuclear Chicken!DEFCON 2 (Defense Condition) CBS Video-http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/remembering-the-cuban-missile-crisis/
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End of Crisis
Khrushchev stops missilesCommunication-JFK and KhrushchevCompromise is reached
USSR-missiles out of CubaUSA-missiles out of Turkey
Closest to World War 3 ever!!Relationship-JFK and Khrushchev improvesKennedy’s assassination-1963
Who was responsible?Cold War continues until 1992