The CLEAR Dependency

The CLEAR Dependency

University of Colorado BoulderAugust 2nd, 2012

[email protected]

Stages Summer Meeting at ISI

Martha Palmer, James MartinJinho D. Choi, Shumin Wu, Wei-Te Chen

Thursday, August 2, 2012

CLEAR Dependency Format• Stanford dependency format

- Provides rich dependency labels.

- Does not consider information such as empty categories, function tags, secondary dependencies, etc.

• CLEAR dependency format

- Adapts the Stanford dependency format.

- Remaps dependencies for empty categories.

- Preserves function tags.

- Preserves secondary dependencies.

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Contents• CLEAR dependency labels

• Remapping empty categories

• Function tags

• Secondary dependencies

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2.4 Assigning dependency labels

2.4.1 Clear dependency labels

Table 2.3 shows a list of dependency labels, called the Clear dependency labels, generated by our

dependency conversion. These labels are mostly inspired by the Stanford dependency approach,

partially borrowed from the CoNLL dependency approach, and newly introduced by the Clear de-

pendency approach to minimize unclassified dependencies. Appendix D shows detailed descriptions

of the Clear dependency labels. Section 2.4.3 shows a comparison between the Clear and the

Stanford dependencies.

Label Description Label DescriptionACOMP Adjectival complement NEG Negation modifier

ADVCL Adverbial clause modifier NMOD∗ Modifier of nominal

ADVMOD Adverbial modifier NN Noun compound modifier

AGENT Agent NPADVMOD Noun phrase as ADVMOD

AMOD Adjectival modifier NSUBJ Nominal subject

APPOS Appositional modifier NSUBJPASS Nominal subject (passive)

ATTR Attribute NUM Numeric modifier

AUX Auxiliary NUMBER Number compound modifier

AUXPASS Auxiliary (passive) OPRD∗ Object predicate

CC Coordinating conjunction PARATAXIS Parataxis

CCOMP Clausal complement PARTMOD Participial modifier

COMPLM Complementizer PCOMP Complement of a preposition

CONJ Conjunct POBJ Object of a preposition

CSUBJ Clausal subject POSS Possession modifier

CSUBJPASS Clausal subject (passive) POSSESSIVE Possessive modifier

DEP Unclassified dependent PRECONJ Pre-correlative conjunction

DET Determiner PREDET Predeterminer

DOBJ Direct object PREP Prepositional modifier

EXPL Expletive PRT Particle

INFMOD Infinitival modifier PUNCT Punctuation

INTJ∗∗ Interjection QUANTMOD Quantifier phrase modifier

IOBJ Indirect object RCMOD Relative clause modifier

MARK Marker ROOT Root

META∗∗ Meta modifier XCOMP Open clausal complement

Table 2.3: A list of the Clear dependency labels. Labels followed by ∗ are borrowed from the

CoNLL dependency approach. Labels followed by ∗∗ are newly introduced by the Clear dependency

approach.

93.65% error reduction of unclassified dependencies.




- Wh-movement

- Topicalization

- Discontinuous constituent

• Function tags


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Wh-Movement

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Topicalization: Non-recursive

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Topicalization: Recursive

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Discontinuous Constituent

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• Function tags

- Syntactic function tags

- Semantic function tags


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Function Tags

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Appendix A

Constituent Treebank Tags

This appendix shows tags used in various constituent Treebanks for English (Marcus et al., 1993;

Nielsen et al., 2010; Weischedel et al., 2011; Verspoor et al., 2012). Tags followed by∗

are not the

typical Penn Treebank tags but used in some other Treebanks.

A.1 Function tags

Syntactic rolesADV Adverbial PUT Locative complement of putCLF It-cleft PRD Non-VP predicate

CLR Closely related constituent RED∗ Reduced auxiliary

DTV Dative SBJ Surface subject

LGS Logical subject in passive TPC Topicalization

NOM Nominalization

Semantic rolesBNF Benefactive MNR Manner

DIR Direction PRP Purpose or reason

EXT Extent TMP Temporal

LOC Locative VOC Vocative

Text and speech categoriesETC Et cetera SEZ Direct speech

FRM∗ Formula TTL Title

HLN Headline UNF Unfinished constituent

IMP Imperative

Table A.1: A list of function tags for English.


Syntactic Function Tags

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Semantic Function Tags

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• Function tags


- Gapping

- Referent

- Right node raising

- Open clausal subject

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Gapping

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Referent

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Referent dependencies are also provided in PropBank as LINK-SLC.


Right Node Raising

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Open Clausal Subject: Raising

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Open Clausal Subject: Control

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Open Clausal Subject: ECM

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