THE CIVILIZATIONS OF EAST ASIA

Chapter 12

China under the Sui, Tang, and Sung Dynasties

Objectives Explain how Chinese civilization advanced

during the Sui and Tang

Describe what daily life was like for the

Chinese people during the Sung dynasty

The Sui and Tang Sui came into power in

589 Grand Canal- waterway

linking northern and southern China

Sui dynasty ended in 618

Tang Expansion Defeated the Turks in the north and west Made contact with other cultures to

enhance their knowledge Built capital at Xian

2 million people Consisted of Arabs, Persians, Jews, Greeks,

and Chinese China became the most powerful country

in the world under the Tang Dynasty

Tang Literature Around 2300 poets

contributed to 49,000 works

Li Bo- a Daoist, described life's happiness

Du Fu- a follower of Confucius, wrote about suffering and tragedy

Tang Religion Buddhism died out under

the Tang Seized monasteries,

persecuted Buddhists China adopted

Confucianism as the official religion from 800-1900 AD

Temples were built to Confucius and officials required to study his works

Sung Dynasty

Never had control of all of China Sung Dynasty was in Southern China

Paid huge tribute every year to keep the Mongols from attacking them

The Jin Dynasty in the north Established by the Juchen people in 1126

Trade and Arts Exported porcelain, gold, silver, and

copper Vases were colorful and complex in

design Paintings was of landscapes

Civil Service

Examinations every 3 years Only important families took the exams Assigned numbers and had clerks copy

the answers to cut down on cheating and corruption

Inventions Invented gun powder Invented printing Worlds first known

printed book created by block letters called the “Diamond Sutra” Religious text of the

Buddhists

Peasant Life Farming methods

improved with irrigation systems and quick ripening rice

Heavy taxes forced peasants to sell lands and become tenant farmers

City Life Wealthy lived in nice homes with gardens

and lakes Cities had thriving markets and cultural

events Poor people lived in crowded apartments

or went homeless begging for food Practice of foot binding for women

The Mongol Empire Objectives

Explore how the Mongol invaders were able to conquer and rule so much of Asia

Examine the effect Mongol rule had on China

Genghis Khan & the Mongols

Lived in current day Mongolia, north of China

Skillful warriors on horseback with bow and arrow

Traveled 100 miles/day

Threat of constant attacks would wear down enemy

Genghis Khan

Fiercest ruler of all time

Ruled from 1162-1227

Name means “Universal Ruler”

Captured Beijing, Persia, and Central Asia

Mongol Conquest and Rule Kublai Khan

captured the rest of China and parts of SE Asia

Received title Great Khan Batu

invaded Europe around 1240

Europeans gave them the name Golden Horde

Controlled Russia from 1250-1450

China under the Mongols Kublai Khan

created own dynasty called Yuan China’s trade and influence grew Extended the Grand Canal Divided kingdom into 25 mile courier routes Benefited from trade and contact with Europeans Harsh taxes and tributes undermined Yuan

authority

Marco Polo Famous merchant and

explorer Served as special

representative to Kublai Khan for 17 years

Book called Travels of

Marco Polo

Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia

Objectives Investigate how the geography of Japan

influenced its development Analyze how China influenced the early

development of Japan Describe how changes in government

influenced society in feudal Japan Examine how Southeast Asia was influenced

by China and India

Physical Setting Island chain

stretching for nearly 1400 miles

Mountainous volcanic islands

Small part of land suitable for farming

Many rivers for irrigation

Preferred to live in isolation

Japan’s Beginnings Early History

Practiced the religion Shinto, spirits lived in natural objects(Kami)

No scripture or doctrine Worship involves prayers and rituals Shinto help unify all people of Japan Only 1 imperial family has ruled,

Yamato Clan Most Japanese practice Shinto and

Buddhism

Japan’s Beginnings China Influence

Influenced Japanese art, science, and law

Centralized government and gave emperor more power

Law code modeled after the Tang Dynasty

Lady Muraski Shikibu wrote the worlds 1st novel, The Tales of Genji

Feudal Japan Japan developed a system of local power known

as the feudal system 2 sources of power- central government and

powerful landowners Minamoto reign changed how government was

run Granted Minamoto the shogun

Ashikaga was the longest ruling at 250 yrs. Wealthy land owners held power & hired

samurai's for protection Samurai followed the Bushido code

Feudal Japan The Daimyo…”great names”

Local lords and their samurai became the most powerful people in Japan during the Ashikaga shogunate

Conducted trade &collected taxes to strengthen their power

Wars offered people of lower status to rise in society

Zen Buddhism Introduced in the 1100’s Showed appreciation of nature (Daoism)

Korea Development

shaped by China Serves as a bridge

to the island chains China controlled

northern Korea 3 Korean kingdoms:

Koguyro, Peakche, Silla

Korea Unification under the Silla

Formed alliance with Tang Dynasty to conquer Koguyro & Peakche

United Korea by 670 Infighting weakened Silla By 900 AD, kingdom of Koyro had taken

control 1200 AD, Mongols gained control 1392 AD- Yi Dynasty(powerful Korean

Dynasty) ruled until 1910.

Korea Growth of Korean Culture

Adopted Chinese civil service system Buddhism was the state religion Aristocrats influenced political development No development of educated social class Large divide between small upper class and

large lower class Sejong development of the Korean Alphabet

showed sign of independence.

Civilizations in Southeast Asia Mainland is known as Indochina Vietnam

Won independence in 939 from China Civilization was influenced by contact with

China Accepted Mahayana Buddhism

Cambodia Khmer Empire controlled Southeast Asia Strongly influenced by India Accepted Hindu and Buddhism beliefs