The Civil War Part 3 Generals, Soldiers, and Civilians.
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Transcript of The Civil War Part 3 Generals, Soldiers, and Civilians.
The Civil WarPart 3
Generals,Soldiers,
and Civilians
There were hundreds of generals who served on both sides. Here are some of
the most famous:Northern
• Ulysses S. Grant• George B. McClellan• William T. Sherman• George S. Meade• Winfield Scott• Admiral David
Farragut
Southern• Robert E. Lee• Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson• James Longstreet• Joseph E. Johnston• J. E. B. Stuart• Nathan Bedford
Forrest
Ulysses S. Grant
Considered the victorious general of
the war when Lee surrendered to him.
Sometimes called “The Butcher”,
because he was not afraid to take
casualties. Later served two terms as
president.
Robert E. Lee
Considered by many to be one of America’s
greatest military minds. Abraham Lincoln originally asked him to lead
Union forces. However, when
Virginia seceded, he felt he could not fight
against his home state.
George B. McClellan
Famous for organizing and
training the Northern army. However, he was somewhat overly cautious which
irritated Lincoln. He actually ran as a Democrat against
Lincoln for President in 1864, but lost.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Considered by many to be General Lee’s “Right Arm”. He earned his
nickname for his toughness during Bull
Run, the first battle of the war. In 1863, he was
accidentally shot by his own troops who were on
guard at night. He had to have his arm amputated,
but he later died from pneumonia.
William Tecumseh Sherman
Probably most famous for using the concept of
“Total War”, on his march through Georgia to the Atlantic Ocean. He and
his men cut a wide path of destruction, destroying
crops, livestock, and buildings. This helped to psychologically destroy
the South.
James Longstreet
Served well in many of the wars most
famous battles. He famously disagreed
with some of General Lee’s tactics at
Gettysburg, but still followed orders.
George S. Meade
Rose to become commander of the
Army of the Potomac (the
army near D. C.).He is most famous
for defeating General Lee at
Gettysburg.
Joseph E. Johnston
Involved in several major
battles. He could not get along
with President Jefferson Davis.
After Lee surrendered, he still had a large army in North Carolina, but surrendered.
Winfield Scott
Involved in military operations from the War of 1812 through
the Civil War. A native Virginian, he stayed loyal to the United States. He was the author of
the “Anaconda Plan” to choke off the
South.
J. E. B. Stuart
He was considered a master of
reconnaissance and using cavalry (troops on horseback). He
was sometimes referred to as the “eyes and ears” of
Lee’s army.
AdmiralDavid Farragut
Famous naval commander for
the Union. Given credit for uttering
the phrase: “Damn the
torpedoes, full speed ahead!”
Nathan Bedford Forrest
One of the less-educated Southern generals. He had accumulated great
wealth by the time of the war. He survived the war to become a major player in the
KKK(Ku Klux Klan).
Civil War Soldiers
As in prior conflicts, when the war began the United States had to initially rely on volunteers. Later, a DRAFT was instituted in both the North
and South, requiring men from ages 18-35 to enlist. In some cities there were draft riots, and charges of ELITISM were launched at people who would pay a substitute to fight for them or their relative. False medical exams could also
excuse a person from serving.
There were problems with untrained soldiers running away, and/or suffering from
psychological damages. In many instances, strong discipline was used.
• Cowardice, desertion, theft, sleeping on guard duty, working with the enemy, spying, murder, and bounty jumping brought the hardest punishments.
• Execution by firing squad or hanging could be applied to all of these, but frequently cowards, thieves, and some deserters were branded (either on the face or the hip) and drummed out of camp in disgrace.
• In the artillery or cavalry, being tied for hours spread-eagled on a gun carriage wheel was common.
• In both the army and navy, flogging had been outlawed several years before the war.
On the Spare WheelSoldiers were left tied for hours to
one of these wheels.
Sometimes the effects of having
this done to you were crippling.
Being Bucked and Gagged
Sometimes, a soldier was tied securely with a stick under his knees and on top of his arms. He was either gagged with a strip of cloth, or a stick, and then left outside in all kinds of conditions for hours.
Being tied by the thumbs, or being forced to complete guard
duty with a large, heavy log, rather than a rifle.
Placed On the Wooden Horse
Sometimes soldiers were
forced to sit for hours on a narrow wooden rail, that was high enough
that their feet could not touch
the ground.
Prisoner of War Camps
Both sides had prison camps for captured
enemy soldiers. One of the most notorious was at Andersonville, Georgia. Nearly 13,000 prisoners
died from starvation, malnutrition, diarrhea, or
other disease. This is a survivor from
May 1865.
Women in both the North and South stepped up work on the farms while the men and boys were away fighting. Some, especially in the North, went to work in factories to help make the necessary supplies. There were some women who disguised themselves as men, and did occasionally fight. Other women acted as spies, and for the first time in large numbers, women began to act as nurses on the battlefield.
Civilian Life During the War
• Children were certainly expected to “pick up the slack” for missing fathers and brothers.
• The South was fearful of allowing Blacks to fight, for fear that they would rebel. However, there were several black regiments of soldiers from the North.
• As immigrants moved to the United States, some of them were also required to join the military.
A Woman
in Disguis
e
Nurses – “Angels of the Battlefield”
Clara Barton
A teacher, nurse, and humanitarian that helped found
the American Red Cross.
Casualties and LossesThe North The South
Killed in Action – 110,000
Killed in Action – 93,000
Other Deaths – 250,000 Other Deaths – 167,000
Wounded – 275,200 Wounded – 137,000
Total Casualties – 635,200
Total Casualties – 397,000
Each second of the following clip represents a single week of the Civil War:
Civil War in 4 Minutes.