The Civil War BeginsThe Civil War Begins

• Ft. Sumter• Anaconda Plan• Bull Run• Stonewall Jackson• George B. McClellan• Ulysses S. Grant

Ft. SumterFt. Sumter

• C.S.A began taking over federal institutions in the South

• Ft. Sumter, S.C.– If Lincoln sent in troops he would start the war– If he surrendered Ft. Sumter he would give

CSA legitimacy• Decided to simply “send food for hungry men

Ft. Sumter cont.Ft. Sumter cont.

• Jeff Davis is a G – If he did nothing he would damage the

legitimacy of the CSA– If he attacked, he would start the Civil War

• April 12, 1861 CSA attacked Ft. Sumter– Ft. surrendered

• Lincoln called up troops from the states• April 17 Virginia seceded

– Unwilling to fight the South

Ft. Sumter cont.Ft. Sumter cont.

• April 17 Virginia seceded– Unwilling to fight the South– Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina

followed

• Western counties of Virginia were anti-slavery– Seceded from Virginia to form West Virginia

• Became a state in 1863

Southern IssuesSouthern Issues

• Believed:– Cotton would influence other nations

• Britain & France found cotton in Egypt and India

• Lack of resources• Not uniform RR gauge

– Difficult to cross the South by rail– RR was maintained by the North

• South was blockaded – had to get supplies from other sources

Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan

• Union plan of attack

• Blockade the South from the east

• Send Union riverboats down Mississippi River to cut South in two

• Capture Richmond (Capital of the South)

• Suggested by Gen. Winfield Scott

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

• Union named a battle after the nearest Topographical feature

• Rebs. named after nearest town• Battle Tactics:

– Both sides had to create an army from scratch– North had about 40 ships– Rebs. had no navy– Napoleonic tactics were not always practical– Smoothbore rifles were replaced by rifled or mini ball

guns

Bull Run cont./Stonewall JacksonBull Run cont./Stonewall Jackson

• Union troops marched south of Washington to Manassas Junction

• July 21, 1861 – Battle of Bull Run• Seesaw battle between both sides• As rebel troops drew back someone cried

“There’s Gen. Jackson standing like a stone wall” – Hero of Bull Run– Master Strategist of the South

• Rebels won

Gen. George B. McClellanGen. George B. McClellan

• Rebs were in no condition to follow union troops back to Washington

• Served as a wakeup call for the North

• Union called for 500,000 more men

• Lincoln put McClellan in charge of Union Army (Army of the Potomac)– Mostly concerned with drill– Worried about appearance

U.S. GrantU.S. Grant

• General in charge of Tennessee – Decisive commander– Tended to drink