The Civil War The Civil War and and

ReconstructioReconstructionn

CrisisCrisis Underground Underground

RailroadRailroad secret secret routes for slaves to routes for slaves to escape to the escape to the North.North.

CrisisCrisis Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman was was

the most famous the most famous “conductor.”“conductor.”

She freed nearly 300 She freed nearly 300

slaves, including her slaves, including her

own parents.own parents.

Called “Moses of her Called “Moses of her People”People”

CrisisCrisis Compromise of 1850:Compromise of 1850:

California = free stateCalifornia = free state

Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty – residents of a – residents of a territory could vote for or against territory could vote for or against slavery.slavery.

Forbid the sale of slaves in Forbid the sale of slaves in Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act – return fugitive – return fugitive slaves to the Southslaves to the South

18521852 Harriet Beecher Harriet Beecher

StoweStowe wrote wrote Uncle Uncle Tom’s CabinTom’s Cabin to to portray the inhumanity portray the inhumanity of slavery.of slavery.

Caused many Caused many northerners to join the northerners to join the abolitionist movement.abolitionist movement.

““This is the little This is the little lady who started lady who started this big war.” this big war.”

– – Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

18541854 Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act allowed allowed

popular sovereignty in Kansas and popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territories.Nebraska territories.

Overturned the Overturned the

Missouri Compromise!!!Missouri Compromise!!!

““Bleeding Kansas”Bleeding Kansas” – fighting over – fighting over the issue of slavery in the new the issue of slavery in the new territories (before the Civil War).territories (before the Civil War).

18561856 Democrats and Whigs split over the Democrats and Whigs split over the

issue of slavery (North and South).issue of slavery (North and South).

Led to the creation of new political Led to the creation of new political parties.parties.

Free Soil PartyFree Soil Party – wanted to keep – wanted to keep slavery out of the western slavery out of the western territories.territories.

18561856 Republican PartyRepublican Party – opposed slavery – opposed slavery

and quickly became powerful and quickly became powerful (Abraham Lincoln)!!!(Abraham Lincoln)!!!

Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party – favored – favored native-born Americans over native-born Americans over immigrants.immigrants.

After the Civil War, only Democrats After the Civil War, only Democrats and Republicans survived.and Republicans survived.

18561856 Dred Scott vs. Sanford, 1856Dred Scott vs. Sanford, 1856 – –

Supreme Court case said that slaves Supreme Court case said that slaves are not citizens and can’t sue.are not citizens and can’t sue.

18581858 Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas (Dem) and (Dem) and

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln (Rep) debated the (Rep) debated the issue of slavery in the territories in issue of slavery in the territories in the Illinois senatorial campaignthe Illinois senatorial campaign

Douglas supported popular Douglas supported popular sovereignty and won the election.sovereignty and won the election.

18591859 John BrownJohn Brown was an was an

abolitionist who tried abolitionist who tried to lead a slave to lead a slave rebellion atrebellion at Harper’s Harper’s FerryFerry..

Captured and Captured and executed!!!executed!!!

18601860 In the In the election of 1860election of 1860, Abraham , Abraham

Lincoln became president although Lincoln became president although he received NO electoral votes in the he received NO electoral votes in the South.South.

Caused South Caroline to Caused South Caroline to secedesecede, or , or withdraw from the Union.withdraw from the Union.

Led to the Civil War!!!Led to the Civil War!!!

18611861 Other southern Other southern

states seceded and states seceded and formed the formed the ConfederacyConfederacy . .

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis became the became the President of the President of the Confederacy.Confederacy.

““A house A house divided against divided against

itself cannot itself cannot stand.”stand.”

- Abraham Lincoln- Abraham Lincoln

Battles of Battles of the Civil the Civil

WarWar

Civil WarCivil War March 1861, March 1861,

Confederates Confederates fired on fired on Ft. Ft. Sumter, SC.Sumter, SC.

Lincoln Lincoln ordered Union ordered Union troops to troops to surrender the surrender the fort.fort.

Civil WarCivil War Lincoln’s Lincoln’s primary goalprimary goal was to was to

““preserve the Union.”preserve the Union.”

Union advantages:Union advantages: More industry!More industry! More people!More people! More railroads!More railroads! Stable government (Lincoln) and Stable government (Lincoln) and

economy!!!economy!!!

Anaconda Plan:Anaconda Plan: Blockade southern ports ($$$)Blockade southern ports ($$$) Gain access to Mississippi River Gain access to Mississippi River

and split the Confederacyand split the Confederacy Capture Richmond, VA (capital)Capture Richmond, VA (capital)

Civil WarCivil War Confederate advantages:Confederate advantages:

Cotton ($$$)!Cotton ($$$)! Strong military leaders (Robert E. Strong military leaders (Robert E.

Lee)!Lee)! Strong motivation to defend homes Strong motivation to defend homes

and way of life!!!and way of life!!! Confederate strategy:Confederate strategy:

DEFEND!!!DEFEND!!!

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run First Battle of Bull First Battle of Bull

Run (Manassas)Run (Manassas) – – first battle of the Civil first battle of the Civil War.War.

General “Stonewall” General “Stonewall” JacksonJackson led led Confederate troops to Confederate troops to victory.victory.

Showed war would not Showed war would not be quick!!!be quick!!!

Civil WarCivil War

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee was reluctant to was reluctant to join the war but join the war but eventually led eventually led Confederate Confederate army.army.

Civil WarCivil War September 1862, Union found Lee’s September 1862, Union found Lee’s

battle plans wrapped in an old cigar. battle plans wrapped in an old cigar.

AntietamAntietam – bloodiest one-day battle – bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War (over 26,000 of the Civil War (over 26,000 casualties).casualties).

Lincoln fired General McClellan.Lincoln fired General McClellan.

Civil WarCivil War Lincoln needed victory at Antietam to Lincoln needed victory at Antietam to

refocus the war.refocus the war.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation – freed – freed slaves in Confederate states.slaves in Confederate states.

Strengthened the moral cause Strengthened the moral cause of the Union and made the of the Union and made the

war about slavery!!!war about slavery!!!

Civil WarCivil War Now, African Now, African

Americans joined Americans joined the Union army.the Union army.

5454thth Massachusetts Massachusetts InfantryInfantry was an was an all-black all-black regiment.regiment.

Civil WarCivil War Lincoln suspended the writ of Lincoln suspended the writ of

habeaus corpushabeaus corpus (could jail citizens (could jail citizens without a trial).without a trial). To silence opponentsTo silence opponents

ConscriptionConscription – draft that forced – draft that forced men to serve in the Union army.men to serve in the Union army. Draft Riots in NYC!!!Draft Riots in NYC!!!

Civil WarCivil War

General Burnside

General Hooker

Civil WarCivil War July 1863, July 1863, Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg

proved to be the bloodiest battle of proved to be the bloodiest battle of the Civil War.the Civil War.

TURNING POINTTURNING POINT

Lee gave up hope of invading the Lee gave up hope of invading the North and led his soldiers back to North and led his soldiers back to Virginia.Virginia.

Civil WarCivil War July 1863, July 1863, Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant led led

Siege at VicksburgSiege at Vicksburg (Miss). (Miss).

TURNING POINTTURNING POINT

Union gained control of the Union gained control of the Mississippi River.Mississippi River.

Civil WarCivil War Lincoln Lincoln

appointed appointed Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant as commander of as commander of Union troops.Union troops.

Used Used total wartotal war to destroy to destroy enemy’s supplies enemy’s supplies and morale.and morale.

Civil WarCivil War William T. William T.

ShermanSherman led the led the Union’s Union’s “March to “March to the Sea” the Sea”

Marched from Marched from Atlanta, GA to Atlanta, GA to Savannah, GA Savannah, GA burning burning everything!!!everything!!!

. . . The End is Near. . . The End is Near April 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant April 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant

at at Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House (VA) (VA)

. . . Wilmer McLean. . . Wilmer McLean

Civil WarCivil War Only five days later . . . Only five days later . . . Lincoln Lincoln

was assassinated by was assassinated by John Wilkes John Wilkes BoothBooth at Ford’s Theatre in at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

ReconstrucReconstructiontion

ReconstructionReconstruction

ReconstructionReconstruction - rebuilding the - rebuilding the South after the Civil War (from South after the Civil War (from 1865 – 1865 – 1877).1877).

ReconstructionReconstruction

Presidential Reconstruction: Presidential Reconstruction:

Ten Percent PlanTen Percent Plan – Lincoln wanted – Lincoln wanted to readmit the South to the Union to readmit the South to the Union quickly and easily!!!quickly and easily!!!

But . . . But . . . Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (NC) (NC) becomes president after Lincoln’s becomes president after Lincoln’s assassination.assassination.

ReconstructionReconstruction Congressional Congressional

Reconstruction:Reconstruction:

Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans in Congress in Congress led by led by Thaddeus StevensThaddeus Stevens Wanted harsh treatment for the Wanted harsh treatment for the

South!!!South!!! Full rights for African Americans!!!Full rights for African Americans!!!

CONGRESS CONGRESS VS. VS.

PRESIDENTPRESIDENT

ReconstructionReconstruction Civil Rights Act of 1866 Civil Rights Act of 1866 – federal – federal

government guaranteed rights to African government guaranteed rights to African Americans and overturned state laws that Americans and overturned state laws that limited them.limited them.

Reconstruction Act of 1867Reconstruction Act of 1867 - divided - divided Confederate states into 5 military districts and Confederate states into 5 military districts and ordered states to create new governments that ordered states to create new governments that MUST allow black males to vote.MUST allow black males to vote.

JOHNSON VETOED!!! CONGRESS JOHNSON VETOED!!! CONGRESS PASSED!!!PASSED!!!

CONGRESS CONGRESS VS. VS.

PRESIDENTPRESIDENT

ReconstructionReconstruction Johnson became first president to be Johnson became first president to be

impeachedimpeached Because he violated the Because he violated the Tenure of Office ActTenure of Office Act..

ReconstructionReconstruction Black codesBlack codes – laws that restricted – laws that restricted

rights of African Americans in the rights of African Americans in the South.South.

SharecroppingSharecropping – given a little bit – given a little bit of land and tools; must give part of of land and tools; must give part of

crop to landowner.crop to landowner.

ReconstructionReconstruction Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau – agency that – agency that

helped former slaves in the South helped former slaves in the South by providing education, food, and by providing education, food, and hospitals.hospitals.

ReconstructionReconstruction 1313thth Amendment Amendment – abolished slavery – abolished slavery

1414thth Amendment Amendment – gave citizenship – gave citizenship to former slavesto former slaves

1515thth Amendment Amendment – gave the right to – gave the right to vote to black malesvote to black males

DANCEDANCE

ReconstructionReconstruction ScalawagsScalawags – Southern whites who – Southern whites who

joined the Republican party (traitors).joined the Republican party (traitors).

CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers - Northerners who - Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War moved to the South after the Civil War to make money.to make money.

ReconstructionReconstruction Ku Klux Klan (KKK)Ku Klux Klan (KKK) – founded as a – founded as a

social club for Confederate veterans.social club for Confederate veterans.

Eventually, used violence and Eventually, used violence and intimidation to prevent African intimidation to prevent African Americans from voting.Americans from voting.

Solid SouthSolid South – southern white – southern white Democrats regained control in the Democrats regained control in the South!!!South!!!

ReconstructionReconstruction In the In the election of 1876,election of 1876, there was a there was a

dispute between dispute between Rutherford B. HayesRutherford B. Hayes (Rep) and (Rep) and Samuel J. TildenSamuel J. Tilden (Dem) (Dem)

Led to Led to Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877, in which , in which Hayes agree to:Hayes agree to: Remove troops from the SouthRemove troops from the South Build railroads in the SouthBuild railroads in the South Appoint southern DemocratsAppoint southern Democrats

ReconstructionReconstruction Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877::

Democrats would accept Hayes as Democrats would accept Hayes as president if he would . . .president if he would . . .Remove troops from the SouthRemove troops from the SouthBuild railroads in the SouthBuild railroads in the SouthAppoint southern DemocratsAppoint southern Democrats

. . . End of . . . End of ReconstrucReconstruc

tiontion