THE CIVIL WARTHE CIVIL WAR1861 - 18651861 - 1865

The War BeginsCivil War begins with southerners firing on Ft. Sumter in the

harbor of Charleston, S.C.

Opinion in the North demanded action to “Save the Union”

Other states in the South joined S.C. in seceding from Union

Virginia split into two states, border states stayed in the Union

but had many southern sympathizers; Maryland,Tennessee, Kentucky, Delaware

Inside Fort Sumter after its surrender

Advantages and DisadvantagesNorth

Most of the population More wealthAlmost all industry and factories 2/3rds of all railroads More food production no slaves to guardAlmost the entire navy

SouthFighting in defensive role superior generalsValuable cotton to sell Possible help from EnglandSlave labor

Early Stages of the WarThe South won almost all the battles in the first 2 years of

the warThe first Battle at Bull Run (Manasas) showed war would not

be quick and easy as many expectedRobert E. Lee led outnumbered rebels to victories at

Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the WildernessUnion army did best in the West led by U.S. Grant winning at

Shiloh and later VicksburgUnion navy very effective in blockading the South

A steam frigate

EmancipationSlavery continued in border states; slaves captured by Union

forces held as contrabandAfter narrow victory at Antietam Pres. Lincoln decided to issue

the Emancipation Proclamation.Proclamation mostly a propaganda success; it helped convince

Britain not to help the Confederacy, and it gave Union forces a noble cause to fight for

Since war was now about ending slavery AND saving the

Union, many blacks in the North were willing to fight

against the South

Emancipation Proclamation

The War On the Home Front

Both aides had to use conscription to get soldiers; North

paid bounties for enlisting; draft riots across the

North targeted blacksSoutherners suffered more than northerners because of

shortages, runaway slaves, limited man powerNorth had an economic boom and war profiteersBoth sides used paper $ and had high inflation

Home front - continued

Prison camps on both sides were terrible; the worst by far

was Andersonville in GeorgiaWomen on both sides took men’s jobs, served as spies

(Harriett Tubman), nurses (Clara Barton, Dorothea Dix

Clara Barton

Ending the War

New technology in war- railroads, telegraphs, gatling guns,

ironclad warships, submarines, balloons, repeatersTurning point was Battle of Gettysburg 1863. General Grant

took over all Union forces after the battle and used his

greater numbers to pound Lee and the rebel armyGeneral William T. Sherman made his famous ‘March to the

Sea’ in 1864. Lincoln was re-elected in 1864; 1865 Lee was forced to surrender; war ended; Lincoln was

assassinated

Battle of Hampton Roads between the Monitor and the Merrimac

Dead Rebel sharpshooter at Devil’s Den, Gettysburg

Robert E. Lee Ulysses S. Grant

William T. Sherman George B. McClellan

‘Stonewall’ Jackson James Longstreet

Richmond, VA 1865

African-American Soldiers