The Civil War Events leading up to and during the Civil War.
THE CIVIL WAR
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Transcript of THE CIVIL WAR
THE CIVIL WARTHE CIVIL WAR
Unit 7Unit 7
War breaks out
Lincoln’s Inauguration March 4th, 1861 7 states have already seceded Lincoln acknowledges the
divide…“apprehension seems to exist among the southern states…physically speaking, we cannot separate…”
Fort SumtnerWhen: April 12, 1861-April 13, 1861Where: Charleston Harbor, South CarolinaKey Points: Maj. Anderson requests reinforcements Lincoln sends food not reinforcements…why? South bombs the fort for 36 hours straight Anderson surrendersEffects?
Preparing for war
Who has the overall advantage?North South
Battle PlansNorth
1. Naval blockade of Southern ports
2. Control the Mississippi River and split Confederacy in two
3. Capture Richmond, the Confederate Capital
“The Anaconda Plan”
South1. Fight a defensive war2. Secure recognition and
support from Europe3. Negotiate an armistice
Who’s got the better plan?
Division or Unification? …in the North… Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and
Kentucky remain with the Union Riots occur in many of these areas
Example: Baltimore riots of April 1861 September 1861: Lincoln suspends right
of Habeas Corpus How will the divisions impact the North?
…in the South April-May 1861: Arkansas, North Carolina,
Tennessee, and Virginia join confederacy Western counties of Virginia remain with
the Union…form West Virginia in 1863 How will this impact the South?
ConscriptionNorth: All men 20-45 $300 exempts you from
the draft 92% of men volunteered
Who’s got the advantage?
South: All men 18-35 Exemptions for
slaveholders with 20 slaves or more
80% of eligible men served
Leadership
Who has the overall advantage?North South
The Politics of War
Trent episode (1861) Confederates send two diplomats to Britain
to seek recognition and aid Union captures the diplomats and Britain
threatens to go to war U.S. releases the diplomats back to the
south South does not receive recognition
British aid
1862-1864: British build ships for
the Confederacy Sink 250 union ships
Why did the British help the south?
The Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863
Causes? Effects?
Emancipates only those slaves in states still in rebellion, NOT IN THE BORDER STATES!!!
Economics of warNorth: Increased demand for goods
= increased industry =booming economy
1863: Fed gov’t issues income tax
South: Slaves resisted work =
shortage of money and supplies
Lack of food = rising prices & riots
Union blockade = No trade with Europe
No system to collect taxes
Who has the advantage?North South
The Battles
Keep a record of the following information:
Battle Month/Year Winner Main point
1st Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas) (July 1861)
Pressure to engage South leads to Bull Run Union outnumbers South, but “Stonewall”
Jackson holds and South wins Lincoln removes McDowell and appoints George
McClellan commander
What does this tell you about Lincoln?What does this tell you about the Confederacy?
Grant moves west Feb 1862: Gen Ulysses S. Grant conquers
forts along western rivers Significance?
Lessons of ShilohMarch 1862: Grant’s army is brutally attacked at Shiloh,
Mississippi Grant responded with 100% invasion of troops
Lessons?
April 1862: Admiral Farragut takes New Orleans and moves up Mississippi River
Significance?
Loss at Richmond Spring 1862: McClellan moves onto Richmond McClellan is too cautious, arrogant, and slow
to commit McClellan loses to Lee’s counter-attack in the
Seven Days Battles McClellan is removedLessons?
2nd Battle of Bull Run (2nd Battle of Manassas) (August 1862)
Gen. Pope replaces McClellan as commander of Army of the Potomac
Lee moves north toward Washington, DC Gen. Pope engages Lee and is crushed. Lee and Army of Northern Virginia move into
MD, hoping to stir rebellion.
Antietam, September 17th, 1862 McClellan returns to command Lee swings north and crosses the Potomac Lee’s battle plans are discovered McClellan does not act on info for 18 hours! Confederates move back into VA and McClellan
stays put…no clear winner! Bloodiest day in U.S. history!!....26,000+ dead November 1862: Lincoln removes McClellan
Fredericksburg & ChancellorsvilleDec. 1862 May 1863 Burnside replaces McClellan after Antietam Burnside is defeated by Lee at
Fredericksburg Hooker replaces Burnside Hooker is defeated by Lee at
Chancellorsville Hooker is replaced by Meade Stonewall Jackson is shot, catches
pneumonia, and dies on May 10th
Discussion Question: What is the staus of the war as of June
1863?
Gettysburg July 1, 2, 3 1863 Why did Lee
want to invade the North?
Battle of GettysburgJuly 1, 1863 Confederate troops enter Gettysburg
looking for supplies Confederate troops come in contact with
Union troops Union forces hold the higher ground
and wait for reinforcements Over 90,000 union troops and 75,000
confederate troops arrive by Day 2
Battle of GettysburgJuly 2, 1863 Lee orders Gen. Longstreet to try to capture
Cemetery Ridge Heavy fighting occurs in the Peach Orchard,
Devil’s Den, and the Wheatfield Rebel troops try to capture Little Round Top to
position artillery on it Col Chamberlain and men of Maine hold hill by
attacking South bayonet charge Lines hold = Union wins the day
Battle of GettysburgJuly 3, 1863 Lee tries to break center of Union line at a point
called “the angle” Lee concentrates artillery fire on Union lines on
the ridge Gen. Pickett’s men charge Union lines, covering a
mile of open ground and running up ridge… Good Move?
Union artillery and infantry fire destroy Pickett’s division. Every officer killed or wounded.
Pickett’s Charge
Battle of GettysburgJuly 3, 1863 Stuart’s cavalry is stalled by Union
forces Lee withdraws Meade does not counter-attack Good move?
Gettysburg AddressNovember 1863 Lincoln speaks at a dedication of a
cemetery for the war dead. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, not
popular at time, becomes part of national identity.
Focus of the speech?
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/images/platform.jpg
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gadd/images/platform.jpg
Vicksburg April-July 1863 Key location along Mississippi River
Overlooked the River Grants first attempts fail Solution?...siege…constant bombing of
military and civilian sites July 4th…Vicksburg Falls Union controls Mississippi River
Total War!!
1864: Lincoln replaces Meade with Grant as
Union commander Grant appoints Sherman as commander
of Union forces in Mississippi Strategy: Constantly ATTACK Lee’s
army…spare no soldier
Grant:Brilliant or Butcher?
May-June 1864: Grant lost 65,000 & Lee 35,000
Wilderness campaign (Grant lost 50,000)
Cold Harbor (Grant lost 7,000 in 1 hr)
Impact?
Sherman’s March to the sea Sept. 1864: Sherman takes Atlanta Burns Atlanta then heads toward the
coast…burns everything in his path Moves to South Carolina…burns everything
in his path Goal: Crush south’s will to fight
Election of 1864 McClellan runs on the
Copperhead/Democratic ticket Lincoln & Andrew Johnson (Southern
Democrat) run on the Republican ticket Lincoln wins:
55% of Popular vote 91% of electoral vote
Surrender!!!!!!!!!!!!! April 1865: Davis abandons Richmond April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant
Lincoln makes sure that Lee and his officers are treated with respect…reason?
May 1865: Jefferson Davis is captured in Georgia
May 1865: All southern forces surrender War ends