The Civil War
-
Upload
minerva-keith -
Category
Documents
-
view
21 -
download
0
description
Transcript of The Civil War
![Page 1: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TOTAL WAR MODERN WAR
A TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICATHE SECOND AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
The Civil War
![Page 2: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Push to War
Secession December 1860 Lincoln’s Concern = border states
Strategic location
Population RR and industry
Crittenden Compromise – failed Crittenden Resolution April 1861 – Fort Sumter
![Page 4: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Essential Questions:
What factors determined the outcome of the war?
What was the impact of the war – socially, politically, constitutionally and economically?
Why is it called a “rebirth of freedom” and the second American Reovlution?
What is the irony of what each side “lost” in defending its respective idea of liberty?
![Page 5: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Prompt:
Foner writes: “In a war of this kind, the effectiveness of political leadership, the ability to mobilize economic resources and a society’s willingness to keep up the fight despite setbacks are as crucial to the outcome as success or failure in individual battlefields.” Evaluate the relative effectiveness of each side – Union and Confederacy – in each of the three areas Foner mentions. Give specifics to support your assessment.
![Page 6: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Comparison of Belligerents
Union Goals: preserve the
union - after 1863 emancipation
Strategy: occupy rebel territory; destroy ability of rebel army to fight
Tactic: Anaconda Plan blockade, control the Mississippi – divide, take Richmond
ConfederacyGoal:
independence Strategy: attrition
– make costly; find a foreign ally
Tactic: offensive defense (strategic defense)
![Page 7: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Union War Aim
![Page 8: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
OverviewOverviewofof
the North’sthe North’sCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
““Anaconda”Anaconda”PlanPlan
OverviewOverviewofof
the North’sthe North’sCivil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:
““Anaconda”Anaconda”PlanPlan
![Page 9: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Anaconda Plan
![Page 10: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Resources:
![Page 11: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Finances and Mobilization
UnionTariffs, taxesRepublican
agenda – banking, homestead act, tariffs
Citizen soldiers/draft
Industry & RR
ConfederacyInflation – paper
moneyCitizen
soldiers/draftIndustrial
production – OK; foodstuffs = problem
![Page 13: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Leadership
Lincoln Davis Master strategy micromanaged Good communicator conflicts w/in War leadership problems with
centralization of power - LTD
![Page 15: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Total Warfare
Role of technology – RR; rifle Defense
Massive numbers of troops and amounts of materiel
Involvement of civilian population
![Page 17: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Assessment: Military
Confederate Advantage Easier task – defense Shorter supply lines & distances Long, indented coastline Experienced military leadership High morale
Union Advantage Population – immigrants, African Americans Navy
![Page 22: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Assessment: Economic
Confederate Advantage Cotton – King Cotton diplomacy (allies)
Confederate Disadvantage Food production
Union Advantage Control over banking and capital: 70% RR,
65% farmland Strong bureaucracy – logistical support
![Page 23: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Assessment: Political
Confederate disadvantage States rights philosophy Davis – internal divisions
Union Advantage Centralized government Lincoln’s leadership Political parties
![Page 24: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Confederate hope - attrition
Cost of the war in terms of $ and causalities would cause the Union to turn against Lincoln --- (Atlanta)
![Page 25: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1861-1862: Two FrontsEastFirst Bull Run July
1861 Nature the war
Army of the Potomac – McClellan
Peninsular Campaign
Monitor v VirginiaAntietam – Sept
1862 Tactical draw.
Strategic defeat Permits Emancipation
Proc.Fredericksburg Dec
1862
West Fts Henry and
Donelson-Feb. 1862 Shiloh – April 1862
Control upper Mississippi
New Orleans – Ap 1862 Farragut
![Page 26: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Confederate Dead
![Page 30: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Diplomacy
Support from Br & Fr critical for Confederate success – balance industry, break blockade
Trent Affair 1861Belligerent status from Br & FrKing Cotton Diplomacy – failed
![Page 31: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Process of Emancipation
Lincoln – reluctant to act – border states, racism, constitution, overturning through election
Confiscation Acts 1861 – seize enemy property 1862 – freed slave of those rebelling
Emancipation Proclamation – Jan 1863 Rebel states only; 100 days give up arms
keep slaves 13th Amendment 1865
![Page 33: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
SignificanceNew war aim – abolitionFurther separates Br & Fr from
supporting the Confederacy L. reasserts control over party L. reasserts control over military
commanders Accelerated breakdown of slavery -
JuneteenthAfrican American Troops Transforms idea of the New Nation-
“new birth of freedom”13th Amendment
![Page 36: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863
![Page 37: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Slaves taking Freedom
![Page 38: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster
![Page 39: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Freed Slaves
![Page 40: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fort Wagner – 54th Mass
![Page 41: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould ShawCol. Robert Gould Shaw
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould ShawCol. Robert Gould Shaw
![Page 42: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Turning Points: July 2-4,1863
GettysburgLee’s last
offensive thrustPickett’s Charge
at Cemetery Ridge
Morale –draft riots
VicksburgControl over
MississippiConfederacy
dividedGrant ----L’s
general
Internal divisions
![Page 44: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Grinding to the end
March to the Sea – 1864 Atlanta – Sep’t 1864 – allowed L. re-
election – no conditional surrender or negotiated peace
Richmond – April 1864 Appomatox – Surrender April 9,
1865
![Page 46: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Sherman’s March
![Page 47: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Grant and Lee at Appomatox
![Page 49: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Home Front: Union Economic activism in government Boom times for manyCorruption Finance – taxes, bonds, GreenbacksDissent Discontent and class issuesCivil Liberties – suspension of Habeas
Corpus; Copperheads; Ex Parte Milligan and Ex Parte Merryman
![Page 52: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Extensive Legislation PassedExtensive Legislation PassedWithout the South in CongressWithout the South in CongressExtensive Legislation PassedExtensive Legislation Passed
Without the South in CongressWithout the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act1862 – Homestead Act1862 – Legal Tender Act1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
(1/1/1863)1863 – Pacific Railway Act1863 – National Bank Act
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act1862 – Homestead Act1862 – Legal Tender Act1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
(1/1/1863)1863 – Pacific Railway Act1863 – National Bank Act
![Page 53: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Enrollment Act of 1863
“…All able-bodied male citizens of the United States and persons of foreign birth who have declared on oath their intention to become citizens …between the ages of twenty and forty-five, …are declared to constitute the national forces, and shall be liable to perform military duty ..when called out by the President…”
![Page 54: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
NYC Draft Riots
![Page 55: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
NYC Riots
![Page 57: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Surgeon’s Tools
![Page 58: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Letter from a Rioter - 1863To the Editor of the New York Times: You will, no doubt, be hard on us rioters
tomorrow morning, but that 300 dollar law had made us nobodies, vagabonds and cast-outs of society, for whom nobody cares when we must go to war and be shot down. We are the poor rabble and the rich rabble is our enemy by this law. Therefore, we will give our enemy battle right here and ask no quarter. Although we got hard fists and are dirty without, we have soft hearts and have clean consciences within and that’s the reason we love our wives and children more than the rich, because we got not much besides them and we will not go and leave them at home for to starve…Why don’t they let the nigger kill the slave-driving race and take possession of the South, as it belongs to them.” – A Poor Man
![Page 59: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The $300 exemptionTo the Editor of the New York Times:‘You have been trying to vindicate the
Draft from the charge that it throw the whole burden of the war upon the poor. You must know that when one hundred men are drawn, if fifty of them can pay their $300 they are released and then their places must be filled by another draft from among the poor. If this is not releasing the rich and placing the burdens of the war, exclusively, on the poor, I should like to know what it would be.” A Poor Man
![Page 60: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Copperheads – Peace Democrats
![Page 62: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Home Front: Confederacy
Inflation and paper money Economic destruction Anti draft discontent – planter
exemption Dissent Discontent and class tensionsProposal to abandon slavery
![Page 65: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South
![Page 66: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Confederate Currency
![Page 67: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Bread Riots
![Page 68: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Prices and Money Supply
![Page 69: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Women
Increased opportunities on both frontsNursing Suffrage
![Page 71: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Soldiers:
Citizen soldiersCorrupt camp life/revivals More discipline and better food – Union More individualism – Confederacy
![Page 73: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Camp Life
![Page 74: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Nursing
![Page 75: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Andersonville Prison
![Page 76: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Outcome
Organization principleContingency theory - McPhersonStrategies and style of warfare
![Page 77: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Impact: Constitutional Amendments
13 – abolish slavery 14 – due process, equal protection of
the law, citizenship 15 – suffrage all males
Nature of the Union – people, indivisible , permanent and perpetual
New birth of freedom – reconciles Declaration and Constitution –federal gov’t as protector of rights
![Page 78: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Impact: Political
Increase in power of federal gov’t Increase in power of the president South --- “Solid” – DemocratAfrican American – Republican Corruption “Grantism”
![Page 79: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Impact: Economic
Tariffs and taxes –Morrill TariffIndustry and banking grow –new industrial era – National Banking Act
Western movement – Homestead Act
Modernized the N economy – industrial potential emerged
South needs to be totally rebuilt – loss of wealth
![Page 80: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Impact: Social – Changing Social Fabric
Demographic changes – high death ratesRole of women Need to incorporate freed slaves – what is
the role of the freedman – Douglass”…the work does not end with the abolition of slavery, it only begins.”
End to optimism and reform – perfection and hope replaces with bitterness and disillusionment
Psychic Scars – social & cultural divisionsEmerson – change from “transcendent”
individual to celebration of organization & gov’t
![Page 81: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Casualties on Both SidesCasualties on Both SidesCasualties on Both SidesCasualties on Both Sides
![Page 82: The Civil War](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110402/56812ab0550346895d8e758e/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other Warsin Comparison to Other Wars
Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other Warsin Comparison to Other Wars