The Civil War, 1861-1865
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Transcript of The Civil War, 1861-1865
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The Civil War, 1861-1865
Chapter 15
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I. North
1. Advantages:2. Population (immigrants; slaves)3. Large industry; financial sectors4. Controlled: banks, RR, factories5. Block S. from the trading w/the world6. Greenbacks—currency
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North (cont’d)
7. Disadvantages8. Offensive war9. Occupy the S.10.Landlocked
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II. South
1. Not landlocked2. Defensive war3. High troop morale4. Highly trained generals
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South (cont’d)
5. Disadvantages6. Lack of resources7. Limited transportation8. Cotton demand dropped9. Inflation
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III. Finding Soldiers to Fight
1. Unionvolunteers at first2. 1863—Conscription (draft)3. New York Draft Riots4. Confederacy5. Volunteers at first6. Draftedwealthy also paid for others to
serve
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IV. Border States & Congress
1. Lincolnneeded the border states2. DE, MD, MO, KYUnion slave states3. Some opposed the war4. Copperheads (aka Peace Democrats)5. Immediate peace w/Conf.
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V. 1st Large Military Engagement
1. July 1861, 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)2. 1st major land battle3. Union defeated4. “Stonewall” Jackson5. N. misjudged S.6. N.Long War!!7. S.became complacent
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VI. Union Plan
1. Gen. Winfield Scott—4 Phase Plan2. 1st Phase—Anaconda Plan3. Union Navy blockade ALL Southern
Ports1. Block trade & supplies
4. 2nd Phase—Control the Mississippi River1. Cut S. in half
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Union Plan (cont’d)
5. 3rd Phase—March through GA; up to Carolinas
6. 4th Phase—Capture capital at Richmond, VA
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VII. Second Battle of Bull Runand Antietam
1. March 1862—Gen. Robert E. Lee2. Forced Union Gen. John Pope to retreat3. Lee now had 2 major victories4. Hoped another would get foreign aid
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Antietam
5. Antietam—Bloodiest day6. 22,000 dead7. McClellan forced a Lee retreat8. McClellan didn’t pursue!! Relieved of
duty9. Sept. 1862—TURNING POINT—Kept
Confederates from getting foreign aid!10.Lincoln now had a victory.
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VIII. Emancipation Proclamation
1. Jan. 1, 1863.2. Gave N. moral justification3. England agreed; won’t help the S.4. Ex-slaves/free blacks joined Union5. 54th Mass. Infantry
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IX. Ironclads
1. Ironclad ships2. S. CSS Merimac3. N. USS Monitor4. No more wooden ships in U.S. navy
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X. 1863: War Tips to the North
1. 1862-1863 Union loses at Battle of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
2. June 1863—Gettysburg, PA3. Bloodiest overall battle of the war4. Lee; never again try to attack the N.5. Confederate fate sealed at Gettysburg6. Won’t get European support; never win
again
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1863: War Tips to the North (cont’d)
6. July 4, 1863—Vicksburg, MS7. Union (Grant) got control of Miss. River8. Gettysburg Address9. Jan. 1864—Grant Commander of the
Union Army
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XII. Gen. Sherman
1. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman2. Scorched Earth—Burn & destroy fields, homes, everything3. Force Southerners tosurrender
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XII. Surrender & Assassination
1. Pres. Lincolnno peacesurrender!!!2. April 9, 1965 Confederate Army
surrendered Appomattox Court House3. April 14, 1865—Lincoln assassinated by
Booth
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XIII. End of Slavery & Free Blacks
1. Confiscation Acts1. Property used for war seized2. Slaves; confiscated3. Freed slaves in any rebellious territory
2. Border states?3. 13th Amendment—Abolished slavery in
the U.S.4. Freedmen; 1,000s flocked to the N.5. 180,000 blacks fought for the Union
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XIV. Consequences of the War
1. Generation lost; 620,0002. Women: nurses, vet. hospitals, at home,
etc.3. 1865: 4 million new Americans (13th
Amend.)4. Politics: preserving the Union; federal
gov. supreme5. American democracy survived
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Consequences of the War (cont’d)
6. Economic: Southruined; industrializaiton
7. N. would try Reconstruction of S. gov.8. North: Industrial boom! Many got rich
off highly priced necessities9. Homestead Act of 1862
1. 160 acres to any family; farm for at least 5 years
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Homesteaders
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Consequences of the War (cont’d)
10.Morrill Land Grant Act of 18621. Federal land for schools2. Teach ag. & tech. trades
11.Pacific Railway Act of 18621. Trans. Railroad2. Atlantic-Pacific Ocean