THE CIRCULATORY

SYSTEMUnit 3: Transportation and Respiration

Introduction

• The circulatory system, also called the

_______________ system, is an organ system that

allows ________ to flow to all the cells in the body. cardiovascular

blood

Introduction

• Blood transports to the

cells all the materials

necessary for life, like

___________, _________,

and ___________

regardless of how far they

are from the heart and

lungs. The blood also

carries _____________

and other waste products

away from the cells.

blood

hormones

oxygennutrients

carbon dioxide

The main components include:

•The heart

•Blood

•Vessels

BLOOD COMPONENTS

The Components of Blood

• Blood is the ____ component of the

circulatory system that allows for the

____________ of materials around the

body. Blood contains a collection of _____

that have been specialized to perform a

particular set of tasks within an organism

and a yellowish fluid called _______.

fluid

transportation

cells

plasma

•The average human adult has

about ___ liters of blood, making

up about __ % of their body

weight.

5

7

• Blood is the most

commonly tested

part of the human

body.

• From as little as one teaspoon of blood, a lot of information can be obtained about your health such as how well certain ________ are working or if you have certain _____________or other health conditions.

organs

diseases

3 Major Functions

1. ______________– nutrients, oxygen,

hormones, carbon dioxide, waste

2. ___________– hormones,

temperature, pH

3. ___________– blood clotting,

defense against disease

Transportation

Regulation

Protection

Why are blood tests important?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YGfKALJWQ4

Blood Components

Plasma

(Erythrocytes) Red blood cells

(Leukocytes) White blood cells

(Thrombocytes) Platelets

Blood Components

• Blood consists of two major components:

• The fluid portion is called plasma

• The solid portion is made up of different kinds

of cells

Plasma

• A yellowish ______

(About 90% ______)

• The blood cells are

suspended (float) in the

plasma.

• Different ________, ________,

_________, _________, and cellular

waste are dissolved in the plasma.

liquid

water

proteins vitamins

hormones nutrients

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

• _________ disk (increases

surface area)

• _____ in colour.

• No ________ (more space for

hemoglobin)

Biconcave

Red

nucleus

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

• Produced in the

_____________

• Contain _____________, a protein which

binds to ________. The red blood cells

absorb oxygen and then transport it to the

rest of your body. Contains _____

bone marrow

hemoglobin

oxygen

iron

• All blood cells are made in the bone marrow.

This is the soft, spongy tissue found in the

center of the large bones.

Red Blood Cells

The appearance of normal circulating

blood is relatively uniform with little

variation in size and shape. Red blood

cells will have an area of paleness in the

center, which is approximately one-third

the diameter of the cell.

Quick Research

•What is anemia?

•Deficiency of RBC or hemoglobin

in the blood

Anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia is indicated by red

blood cells that are paler and of a smaller

size than normal.

Sickle-Cell Anemia

Blood smear; arrows indicate sickled cells.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

• Colourless cells, larger

than RBC

• Has a nucleus, can

reproduce, generated in

bone marrow

Blood Smear

Normal blood smear. The four larger cells

shown are a type of white blood cell.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

• Important component of the immune

system (helps fight disease and infection),

only 1% of total blood volume but may

double when fighting infection

Leucocytes (White Blood Cells)

1. Macrophages–surround and destroy

pathogens (things that aren’t supposed to be

in your body like bacteria, viruses and

germs).

Leucocytes (White Blood Cells)

2. Lymphocytes – part of the body’s immune

response. Enables the body to recognize

and fend off pathogens.

Quick Research

•What is leukemia?

•Cancer of the WBC causing them to

be abnormal

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

• Not actually cells but pieces of cells created

when large cells in the bone marrow break apart

• Like red blood

cells, they do

not have a

nucleus.

Compare and Contrast

• Platelets are also involved in blood clotting.

They change from being smooth (like a

plate) to spiky to help plug the leak in the

blood vessel.

• If your number of platelets is too low,

excessive bleeding can occur.

Blood Clotting

• AKA: Coagulation= the thickening

of blood to form a clot. Prevents blood loss.

1. A blood vessel is broken (injury).

2. Platelets become sticky and plug the hole.

Blood Clotting

3. Clotting factors (proteins) in

the blood plasma form fibrin, a

stringy tissue that creates a web

to hold the platelets and clotting

factors together, creating a blood clot.

4. Other cells get caught in the

web to help reinforce the clot.

The clot stays in the hole until

the tissue is repaired.

Blood Clots

•Fibrin forms a mesh of strands around the injury to hold the plug in place and heal the wound.

•A dry clot on the skin’s surface is called a scab. It is made out of blood, platelets and fibrin.

Blood Clots

• Two factors prevent clots from forming inside uninjured

blood vessels:

1. The smoothness of the inner wall of the vessels

2. Anticoagulants= substance in the blood that stops

coagulation

Quick Research

•What is hemophilia?

Blood Clots

• Hemophilia

• Hereditary disease

• Lack one of the clotting factors

• Sufferers will bleed severely from even the slightest

injury

Blood Disorders • Anemia

• condition where the person has too few RBC or

insufficient hemoglobin

• Lowers amount of oxygen carried in the blood

• Can be treated by eating iron-rich food or by

injecting vitamin B12.

• Sickle-cell Anemia

• a hereditary disorder

• caused by the abnormal form of hemoglobin

• Leukemia

• Cancer of the cells that produce WBC

Plasma

(Erythrocytes) Red blood cells

(Leukocytes) White blood cells

(Thrombocytes) Platelets