The Chemistry of Titanium 1e – Bonding and Properties.
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The Chemistry of Titanium 1e – Bonding and Properties
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Transcript of The Chemistry of Titanium 1e – Bonding and Properties.
The Chemistry of Titanium
1e – Bonding and Properties
Learning Intentions
• To relate Melting and Boiling Point, Electrical Conductivity, Viscosity and Solubility to the structure and bonding of substances
• To use information on substances to identify the bonding present
Melting and Boiling PointsSubstance Bond broken Melting/boiling point
Metal Metallic High
Ionic Lattice Ionic bond High
Covalent Network Covalent bond High
Covalent Molecule Van der Waals forces Low
• General Rule:
• The stronger the bond or force that needs to be broken to get the substance to melt or boil, the higher its melting or boiling point
Viscosity of Liquids
• The stronger the force of attraction between molecules the greater the viscosity or thickness of the liquid
Electrical Conductivity in Metals
Electrical Conductivity in Ionic Liquids
General rule for Electrical Conductivity
• In order for something to conduct it must contain charged particles (electrons or ions) that are free to move
Solubility
• General Rule: • As a rule of thumb, in terms of solubility, “like
dissolves like”• Ionic substances dissolve in polar solvents
eg ammonium chloride in water`• Non-polar dissolve in non-polar solvents eg wax in paraffin / nail polish in acetone
Polar Molecules
Water is a polar molecule so it is a polar solvent.
A liquid that substances dissolves in is called a SOLVENT. Solvents can be either polar or non-polar molecules.
Immiscible liquids do not mix, e.g. oil and water, however, non-polar liquids are miscible with each other.
Polar solvents will usually dissolve polar molecules.
Non-polar solvents will usually dissolve non-polar molecules.
+
+
--
Dissolving in WaterGenerally, covalent molecules are insoluble in water. However, small moleculeslike ethanol (C2H5OH), with a polar O-H functional group, will dissolve,
Hydratedions
Ionic Compound dissolvingin water
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+ +
H2O
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++
-
++
- ++ -+ -
--
+
+ -+
+
-
+ +
+-+
+
+ -
+
-
+ +
Ethanol
+
O
H
H H
H
H
C C
H
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Dissolving in a non-polar solvent
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