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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 6 KINGDOMS OF LIFE
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Alive?• To be considered living, an organism must…
– Contain all 7 characteristics of life• DNA
• Reproduce
• Use energy
• Adapt
• Respond to Stimuli
• Made of cells
• Grow and Develop
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Leopard Gecko Leaf Tailed Gecko
Anamalia Anamalia
Chordata Chordata
Reptilia Reptilia
Squamata Squamata
Gekkonidae Gekkonidae
Eublepharis Uroplatus
Macularius Phantaticus
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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WHY CLASSIFY?
To know how many known species there are in the world
To know the characteristics of each species
To know the relationships between species
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Kingdom = Largest Group
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
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Animal Kingdom
* Food – Cannot make their own food.
* Multi-cellular organisms
* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Can move on their own.Reproduction – Asexual and sexual
Examples – Humans, crustaceans, spiders, insects, fish, birds, mammals, sponges, hydras, coral, worms, etc.
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Examples of Animals
Sea anemone
hydra
Sea horse
Poison Dart frog
GreatWhiteShark
butterfly
human
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Plant Kingdom* Food – make their own food by photosynthesis.
*Multi-cellular* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Cannot move on their own.
Reproduction – Sexually and asexually
Examples – rose, cactus, grass, daisy, ferns, trees
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Examples of Plant Kingdom
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Kingdom Fungi
* Food – do not make their own food. Decomposers
* Unicellular and multicellular.
* Have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Cannot move
Reproduction – Sexual and Asexual
Examples – yeast, mushrooms, mold, mildew, athletes foot, ringworm
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Examples of Fungi
Athletes Foot
Foot Fungus
mushroom
Bread mold
ringworm
yeast Bread mold magnified
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Kingdom Protists* Food – Some make their own food (plantlike); others cannot (animal-like).
* Unicellular and Multi-cellular
* They have a nucleus (eukaryotic)
* Some can move on their own.
Reproduction – Asexual & Sexual
Examples – Euglena, paramecium, amoeba, slime mold, volvox, algae,diatoms, giant kelp
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Examples of Protists
Algae Amoeba
Paramecium
Volvox
Euglena Fission
Red algae
Stentor
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KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
*Food – Some can make their own food: other cannot.
* Unicellular organisms.
* No Nucleus (prokaryotic)
* Some move and other do not.
Reproduction – asexual
Roles: decomposers, food makers, help digest food, clean oil spills, makes nitrogen rich soil(helps plants grow), etc.
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Examples of Eubacteria
E. Coli
Strep
Binary Fission
Bacteria help digest food
Anthrax
Blue green algae
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Kingdom Archaebacteria
This hot, sulfur-rich, acidic pool in Yellowstone National Park is home to species of Archea,
including Sulfolobus.
Some archaens live 1000’s of miles deep in the ocean near superheated volcanic vents.
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KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
* Food- Some cannot make their own food; others do.
* No Nucleus (prokaryotic)
* Some can move and other cannot
Three main types – salt loving, heat loving, and methane makers, harsh environments
Reproduction – asexual
* Unicellular organisms
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Let’s PracticeWhich kingdom does each
organism belong?Eubacteria
Protistsprotists
AnimalFungus
Fungusplant
Animal
Eubacteria
Archaebacteriaanimal
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BELLRINGERS
1. Define: living, dead, nonliving.
2. Give examples of living, nonliving and dead objects.
3. Describe how you would know if an object is living or nonliving?
4. Define: multicellular, unicellular, autotroph, heterotroph
5. Define: prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell
6. Define: taxonomy, classification, kingdom, organism
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Bellringer: Define: classification, taxonomyList 3 ways humans use classification every day.
Classification of living things
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THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION
Classification -
Taxonomy -
Grouping objects according to their similar characteristics.
The science of classifying living things.
Humans naturally like to put objects into groups in order to make sense out of the world around us.
For example, at home you organize your socks from your pants, your forks from your cups.
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WHY CLASSIFY?
To know how many known species there are in the world
To know the characteristics of each species
To know the relationships between species
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SCIENTISTS BEHIND TAXONOMY
Aristotle was the first person to come up with a classification system for living things. He divided animals into three groups: those that walked, those that swam and those that flew. Why was this not the best classification system for animals?
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NOT SO FAST ARISTOTLE!!!
In the 1700’s, Carolus Linnaeus disagreed with Aristotle’s classification system. He invented the modern classification system we use today. It is called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE.Today, scientists group organisms not only by their physical characteristics BUT by their evolutionary relationships (ancient ancestors).
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LINNAEUS’ SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
Binomial Nomenclature – A naming system that gives every living thing a TWO word name. This unique two word name is called the SCIENTIFIC NAME.
Uses LATIN the language of scientists.
The first word is the GENUS and is always CAPITALIZED.The second word is the SPECIES and is always LOWER CASE.
Scientific names are always written in italics if typed or underlined if handwritten
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7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
**A scientific name isthe genus and species.
KatiePutCreamOnFreshGreenStrawberries
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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WHY TWO NAMES FOR EVERYTHING? Because people speak in more
than one languageBecause people give objects more than one name.
for example:What is the name of this cat?Mountain lion
cougarpuma
AmericanLion
All are correct but its ONE scientific name is Felis concolor
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LET’S PRACTICEWhich scientific names are written correctly?
HOMO SAPIEN
Felis domesticus
Tyrannosaurus rex
panthera leoelephas Maximus
Canis Lupus
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LOOKING FOR RELATIONSHIPSRemember that one of the goals of
classification is to find out how certain living things may be related to one another.What makes a living thing part of the
Animal Kingdom?Eukaryotic MulticellularLocomotio
n
Cannot make its own foodARE ALL OF THESE ANIMALS?
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7 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
**A scientific name isthe genus and species.
KatiePutCreamOnFreshGreenStrawberries
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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KINDOM
ANIMAL
PHYLUM
CHORDATA
CLASS
MAMMALIA
ORDER
CARNIVORA
FAMILY
FELIDAE
GENUS
Panthera
SPECIES
leo
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Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of an organism PHYLOGENY OF MAN
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum - Chordata (having a spinal cord)
Class - Mammalia (have hair, give milk)
Order - Primates (walk mostly on 2 legs)
Family - Homindae (advanced brain that can think and reason)
Genus - Homo
Species - sapien
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PHYLOGENY OF THE WOLF
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum - Chordata
Class - Mammalia
Order - Carnivora
Family - Canidae
Genus - Canis
Species - lupus