European Utility Week – 4th November 2015

Dr. Lars Jendernalik

Westnetz GmbH, Germany

The Challenges of an Autonomous Medium

Voltage Control System: Lessons Learned

from the GRID4EU German Demo

The German Demo Agenda

Renewable Energy in Germany

Principle idea and concept of the German Demo

Field implementation in Reken, Germany

System integration

Security concept

Simulation results

Conclusion

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The German Demo Renewable Energy in Germany

Renewable Energy

in Germany (figures end of 2014)

Photovoltaic: 38.2 GW

Wind (onshore): 38.1 GW

… and still increasing!

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030

Wind offshore

Wind onshore

Solar power

GW

+ 21 GW / 10 a

Wind Power

in the Past

+ 33 GW / 10 a

Solar Power

in the Future

The situation today

Massive increase of decentralized generation requires huge grid investments

Power flow becomes less predictable (even reverse power flow becomes reality), grid operation and observation become more complex

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The German Demo Overview

Objectives

Integration of an increasing number of decentralized energy resources (windmills,

solar panels…) in the medium and low voltage networks

Avoiding „classical“ network expansion measures

Achieving higher reliability, shorter recovery times after grid failures

Increasing the surveillance and remote-control level in MV networks to achieve

better overload and failure management

Loss reduction due to optimized switching situation for each scenario

Basic idea

Extension of the automation level of MV networks based on an autonomously

acting multi module system as an industrial solution for network operation

Partners

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The German Demo Boundary conditions

Located in Germany, North-Rhine Westphalia,

area of the municipality of Reken

Semi-urban area with moderate continental

climate conditions

MV grid with approx. 100 secondary substations,

(7 switching modules, 11 measurement modules)

Ratio between maximum load and Decentralized

Generation (DG) almost balanced

Massive increase in DG expected

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The German Demo Principle concept

System acts and optimizes locally!

Switching module

Control Center (CC)

Local communication

Global communication

Concept

Approach is based on autonomously working

modules and a lean control center (located in

primary substation)

Modules communicate amongst each other

and can act on remote-controllable switches

in order to adjust grid topology to current

state of grid

Derivation of decisions based on measured

operating parameters

All relevant information (alarms, grid

topology) is to be sent to the central SCADA-

system

Multi module system can be …

Pre-stage of MV/LV SCADA system

Part of an existing MV/LV SCADA system to

minimize central tasks

www.grid4eu.eu 6

The German Demo Grid implementation

HV/MV substation „Groß Reken“

FIONA (ABB):

> Standard RTU560 for all modules

> Standard GPRS Communication

> Standard Protocol:

> 60870-5-104

> Switching Module Software based on PLC 3 Switching Modules

4 Switching Modules (Cabinet solution)

11 Measuring Modules www.grid4eu.eu 7

The German Demo Hardware implementation in Reken

Option 1:

Full replacement of old secondary

substations with an intelligent

compact substation

Option 2:

Replacement of existing switchgear in

walk-in substation / Implementation of

“intelligence”

Option 3:

Dedicated cabinet solution containing

new switchgear and “intelligence”

added to existing substations

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

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The German Demo System integration

Signal Description

Dedicated to the substation

FWU War Warning signal to report a missing clock synchronisation

FWU Sto Fault indication, caused by a deficient measuring unit

FWU Komm Sto Indication of communication between substation and front end processor

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The German Demo Security concept

Security Audit

Process 1: All involved devices are

checked by a penetration test

Port scanner

Vulnerability scanner

Manual checks

Process 2: Auditor check of all

relevant documents (ISO 27001,

Coherence)

Final assessment report

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The German Demo Switching behaviour (I)

0 20 40 60 80 100 1201.02

1.03

1.04

1.05

1.06

1.07

1.08x 10

4

simulation step

volt

ag

e /

V

controlled

static

~ 5 minutes

Considered Scenario

Near-critical voltage increase affected by photovoltaic and

wind generation at two substations is detected

(10.7 kV ≤ V < 10.8 kV)

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The German Demo Switching behaviour (II)

0 20 40 60 80 100 1201.02

1.03

1.04

1.05

1.06

1.07

1.08x 10

4

simulation stepvolt

ag

e /

V

controlled

static

1 2 3 4 5 0 7 6

~ 5 minutes

t

0:00:00*

0:08:00

0:10:00

0:10:30

0:11:30

0:11:40

0:12:50

0:25:00

0. Simulation started

1. ESL1* detected

2. Transition to ESL2

ESL2 treatment activation

3. Optimization started

4. Optimization finished

Switching Program generated

Execution activated

5. Execution started

switching process

6. Execution finished

ESL2 treatment deactivated

7. Simulation stopped

5

* ESL = Endangered State Level

Voltage improvement achieved Reaction time within the expected range Involved modules worked successfully

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The German Demo Effects on reliability

HV/MV substation „Groß Reken“

3

2

5

6

4

1

Current state

System applied

Situation SAIDI in

min/a

ASIDI in

min/a

Current

state 12,8 14,9

System

applied 6,1 7,5

SAIDI

(System Average Interruption Duration Index)

Based on No of customers

ASIDI

(Average System Interruption Duration Index)

Based on apparent power / rated power of assets www.grid4eu.eu 13

The German Demo Field test phase in 2015

Stepwise operation approach towards operational autonomy

Phase 0 – Recording of measured values and signals

Phase 1 – Semi-automatic switching step 1

Phase 2 – Semi-automatic switching step 2

Phase 3 – Autonomous switching

Set of test cases clustered by

Test phases 0 – 3

Use cases (Threshold violation, FDIR, loss reduction)

Test components (hardware, communication, software modules)

“No switching”

“Switching via SCADA”

“Switching via central RTU in HV/MV substation”

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The German Demo Conclusion

Integrating a higher number of Renewable Energy is a key objective of the German Demo:

The dynamic reconfiguration of the grid topology enables an optimum connection of time-dependent load and feed-in oriented grid sections

Field implementation of the autonomously acting multi module system in Reken successfully finalized

Simulation results show the potential of an autonomous MV operating system

2015: Field test phase started

Dr. Lars Jendernalik

Westnetz GmbH, Germany

www.grid4eu.eu 15