The Challenges in Transport Development and Connectivity in Developing … · 2018-03-17 · A.S.M....

The Challenges in Transport

Development and Connectivity in

Developing Countries

Junyi ZHANG, Prof. Dr. Eng.

Mobilities and Urban Policy Lab

IDEC, Hiroshima University

http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~zjy/

Keynote Speech at the 20th FSTPT Symposium &

the 1st ISTSDC, Makassar, Indonesia, Nov 4, 2017

Junyi Zhang

My research interests

2

Life-oriented

Approach for

Regional and Urban

Planning

Integrated Regional

and Urban Models

Sustainable

Regional and Urban

Development

Research topics: Interdisciplinary

42%

43% 15%

Junyi Zhang

My views on transport

3

mobilities

capitals

information

things

human

Time

Space

Zhang J & Feng C-M (2017) Introduction: Transport in Asia. In: Zhang J &

Feng C-M (eds), Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, Chapter 1.

Junyi Zhang

My views on transport

4

Development of life-oriented approach for regional/urban/transport policiesTheory

Inter-discipline

Single discipline

Travel behavior

Life choices

Transport policy

Public policy

Cro

ss-Secto

r

Hierarchical scheme

Integrated scheme

Urbanpolicy

Trip-based approach

Trip chaining approach

Practice

Life-oriented approach

Activity-based approach

Tour-based approach

Sin

gle Secto

r

Junyi ZHANG, Veronique Van Acker (2017) Life-oriented travel behavior

research: An overview. Transportation Research Part A (forthcoming)

Junyi Zhang

My views on transport systems

5

Resources

Population

Human Activities

Transport Demand

Services

Land Use

Transport Supply

Zhang J & Feng C-M (2017) Introduction: Transport in Asia. In: Zhang J &


Junyi Zhang

My views on transport systems

6

Integration of regional/urban/transport developments with diverse sustainabilities

Junyi ZHANG (2013) Systematic and behavior-oriented approaches for sustainable urban and transport policies.

In: Akimasa FUJIWARA and Junyi ZHANG (eds.), Sustainable Transport Studies in Asia, Chapter 2. Springer.

Environmental simulation models

Evaluation model

Socio-economic models

Land use models

Ecosystem models Air pollution dispersion models

Transportation models

Environmental impacts assessment models

Environmental emission models

DR R

P

SI

Policy-making module

Law & institution

Economic measures Technology Enlightenment

Capacity building

C

Lifestyle

R

Means of policies

Low-carbon policy setD: Driving forces

P: Pressures

S: States

I: Impacts

R: Responses

C: Capacity

Capacity indicators QOL indicatorsAir quality indicators Ecosystem indicatorsISC

Energy

system

Forecastin

g

Back

-casting

SoP

Specificatio

n o

f policies (S

oP

)

Transportation

system

Technology

developmentUrban form ……

Pro

vid

e policy

optio

ns

Explo

re

policy o

ptio

ns

Junyi Zhang

Background of Transportation

Development in Asia

• Urbanization: rapid growth in general, but decline in Japan

• A continuing car-dependent trend: still very strong

• Problematic development issues: unbalanced within-country

development in Asia is serious; urban development is often done in an

unplanned manner; transport-based social exclusion issues

• Disexternalities of transportation development: traffic congestion,

accidents, air pollution, social exclusion,

• Major issues of transportation infrastructure and services: lack of

(better, integrated) planning, rapid growth of travel demand, slow

development of transportation networks, bad travel management, …

• Emerging threats and opportunities– Threats: Climate change impacts (extreme weather, sea level rise,

flooding, storm surge,…), selective migration due to globalization, …

– Opportunities: regional integration/cooperation, IoT, AI, shared

economy…

7Zhang J & Feng C-M (2017) Introduction: Transport in Asia. In: Zhang J &


Cross-border transport in Asia

Asian Highway

Trans-Asia Railway Network

Great Mekong Region

Cross-border connectivity

Junyi Zhang

Transport Systems in Asia

9

Item Data

Number of countries linked by Asian Highway: 32

Number of countries party to

the Asian Highway Agreement:

29

Total length (km): 142,804

Number of routes: 47

The idea of developing

regional road and rail

networks in Asia was

initiated in the 1950s by

the United Nations

Economic Commission

for Asia and the Far East

(ECAFE), the forerunner

of the present United

Nations Economic and

Social Commission for

Asia and the Pacific

(ESCAP).

Asian Highway (AH) Network

A.S.M. Abdul QUIUM (2017) The Asian Highway and Trans-Asian Railway

networks: origins, progress of development and prospects in the future. In:

Zhang J & Feng C-M (eds), Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, Chapter 3.

Logistics/Trade/Tourism…

Junyi Zhang


10

Criteria for

including specific

links into AH and

TAR networks

- Capital-to-capital

links

- Connections to

main industrial and

agricultural centres

- Connections to

major sea and

river ports

- Connections to

major container

terminals and

depots




Trans-Asian Railway (TAR) Network


Junyi Zhang


11

Linking the AH and TAR Networks

• Recognizing the value of developing an Asian integrated

intermodal transport system with AH and TAR networks as its

two important building blocks, ESCAP took an initiative in 2010

to develop an intergovernmental agreement on dry ports.

Intermodal

interfaces such

as dry ports

and inland

container

depots

TAR Network

AH Network

Waterways




Junyi Zhang

Trans-Asian Transport Network

Missing: Cross-border waterways

e.g., Mekong River

12

Zhang J & Feng C-M (2017)

Introduction: Transport in Asia.

In: Zhang J & Feng C-M (eds),

Routledge Handbook of

Transport in Asia, Chapter 1.


Junyi Zhang

China’s Belt and Road Initiative

13

http://news.china.com.cn/2016-10/27/content_39582227.htm Trade/Logistics/Tourism/…

Intermodal connectivity

Junyi Zhang

Density does matter!

15

Junyi Zhang

First, density does matter!

16

Junyi Zhang

Density does matter!

17

Junyi Zhang

To reduce transfer!

18

Junyi Zhang

To connect stations/stops!

19

Hiroshima St.

Yokogawa St.

Nishi-Hiroshima St.

Omachi Station

Hakushima New St.

JR Sanyo Main Line

19

Hakushima New St.


Junyi Zhang


22

Relocation of Tram Terminal from Middle of Road to Station Forecourt

Yokogawa St.


Junyi Zhang

To connect walk to Skyrail – Railway

24

Junyi Zhang

Mutual use of

transport IC cards in Japan

25Source: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%97%E8%BB%8A%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89

To connect everyone with streets

Junyi Zhang

Intermodal Connectivity: Logistics

27

https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=connectivity+in+transport&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CbBXGjidbSCVIjjWdLHBf55wc85Aw

UBmGwpG5pzCpAcVmgzXqF9j3ee-uGbhdTv0o-

BHvmws2lD2xQ1l8riVJVMELioSCdZ0scF_1nnBzEWPQuPmJC5mbKhIJzkDBQGYbCkYRIVdUsevR21IqEgnmnMKkBx

WaDBEWLCWxMt9RuioSCdeoX2Pd5764ESWvEC0P2cxeKhIJZuF1O_1Sj4EcRfjH1g2SSFW0qEgm-bCzaUPbFDRH-

CV-_1SwFuDyoSCWXyuJUlUwQuEcEjMeHLfYJc&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-

uM6h9ujWAhWCwrwKHYz8CygQ9C8IHw&biw=1474&bih=774&dpr=1.25#imgrc=4rEfmnTRb37nhM:

Junyi Zhang

Data issues about the connectivity

28

Source: http://www.famous-places.com/hai-phong-city-viet-nam/

Surveyed area: Companies of logistics services in Haiphong city

Time: September 21st to October 20th, 2013

Sample size: 160 shipments from 60 companies

Junyi Zhang


29

Junyi Zhang


30

High-speed Connectivity

High-speed railway

Junyi Zhang

To connect regions with high-

speed railways

32

High-speed railways in the mainland of China

Junyi Zhang


speed railways

33

High-speed railways in Taiwan, China and South Korea

Junyi Zhang


speed railways

34

High-speed railways in Japan

2,892 km

Impacts of Climate Change

on transportation networks

Vulnerable Connectivity

Junyi Zhang

Vulnerable Transport under

Natural Disasters

36

http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/photoalbum/?download=/images/0483151.jpg

http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/photoalbum/?download=/images/0483151.jpg

http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/pictures/JAK13.htm




Junyi Zhang


Natural Disasters in Asia

37

The Great East

Japan Earthquake

(GEJE) of March

11, 2011

Junyi Zhang


Natural Disasters

38

Vulnerability due to

Natural Disasters

Junyi Zhang


Natural Disasters

39

Dhaka

Chittagong

Cox Bazar

Barisal

Khulna

• For 2050, 38-year return level with

95% confidence interval: 1.80 meters.

• For 2080, 68-year return level with

95% confidence interval: 2.0 meters.

Connectivity: A bigger picture

To connect transport with …

Junyi Zhang41

Life-oriented (Behavioral) Approach

ABCDEFGHIJKLM

Ed

ucation

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z βα

Leisure/Recreation

A B C D E F G H I

Residence

A B C D E F G

Family Life

A B C D E F G

Health

ABCDEFGHIJK

Exp

end

iture

ABCDEFG

JobN

eighb

orhood

AB

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z βα

Leisure/Recreation

A B C D E F G H I

ResidenceA B C D E F G

Family Life

A B C D E F G

Health

ABCDEFGHIJKLM

Ed

ucation

ABCDEFGHIJK

Exp

end

iture

ABCDEFG

JobN

eighb

orhood

AB

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

XY

To connect transport with life

Junyi Zhang

To connect transport with land

use: EK in Japan

42

Nishifunabashi.St

Ueno.St

Nippori.St

Shinmatuso.St

Tokyo.St

Shinagawa.St

Shibuya.St

Shinjuku.StNishikokubunji.St

Urawa.St

Kawasaki.St

Ikebukuro.St

Chuo.line

Yamanote.line

Musashino.line

Soubu.line

Joban.lineSaikyo.line

During PhaseⅠ（1923～1945）

Rail: basic network completed (both central and suburban)Road: limited improvement

During PhaseⅡ（1955～1970）

Overlapped with rapid motorization.

Change from tram to subway inside from Yamanote.Line

Rail: Rail Improvement ≒ capacity expansion → shorten headway , double tracking, separation of freight / paxtrain tracks, increasing number of cars per train, etc.

Road: began extensive network construction,

Overlapped with rapid motorization

Tram network

Subwaynetwork

Before PhaseⅠ（～1920）

Outside from Yamanote.Line: Basic rail network were build

Inside from Yamanote.Line: Tram network

Purpose: Freight, Pilgrimage (Narita Mountain, etc.)

Keikyu.line

Tokyu.line

Keio.line

Odakyu.line

SeibuShinjuku.line

SeibuIkebukuro.line

TobuTojo.line

Keisei.line

housing

development area

43

David Perez Barbosa, Junyi ZHANG, Hajime Seya (2016) Effects of the Residential Environment on Health in Japan Linked with Travel Behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 190; doi:10.3390/ijerph13020190

To connect transport with

health

44

WifeHusband

Home Restaurant

Office

Factory

Time Eating-out

Shopping

In-home activity

Work

Supermarket

Trip

Space

Meeting

Work

In-homeActivity

Activity-basedconsumption

To connect transport with

energy

Junyi Zhang

Better transport governance:

To connect stakeholders

45

Zhang J (2017) Social Capacity Building for Environmental Management

Related to Transport Sector: A Broader Perspective. In: Zhang J & Feng C-M

(eds), Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, Chapter 1.

[email protected]

46

Q & A

Lab URL

http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~zjy/

The Challenges in Transport Development and Connectivity in Developing … · 2018-03-17 · A.S.M....

Documents

Transcript of The Challenges in Transport Development and Connectivity in Developing … · 2018-03-17 · A.S.M....