The Chain of EventsThe Chain of EventsMiss Strantz

A series of events that happen between 1763-1775 that lead to between 1763-1775 that lead to the 13 colonies going to war with

Britain

The French and Indian War EndsTreaty of Paris

(1763)English Settlements

Spread WestB iti h ttl (1763)

•British gains all lands east of the Mississippi

•British settlers cross the Appalachian Mountains in greater ast of th M ss ss pp

River and Canada from France

gnumbers •British wanted to build settlements

•British gained Florida from Spain•Spain and Great

settlements •The British felt entitled to the land since they

th F h d •Spain and Great Britain are the ONLY major powers in North

won the French and Indian War•The Ohio Valley was major powers in North

Americay

good farming and hunting ground

Native Americans React

Indian opposition l

Indians Organize•Led by Chief •Indian leaders did

not sign h

Led by Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa

agreements with the British

h

•Delaware, Huron, Miami, Ottawa, and Sh it d•They were

unwilling to give up h l d b

Shawnee united•Their goal was to drive ALL white their land because

of the French and B h

drive ALL white settlers out and give up all European

British treatiesp p

practices

Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion

•May 1763, Indians Chief Pontiac

yattacked frontier forts•In one month, SEVEN forts were captured forts were captured and/or destroyed by the IndiansTh f il d t t •They failed to capture

Fort Detroit or Fort Pitt•Indians, sick of the siege gof the forts, left and went home•Pontiac surrendered in Pontiac surrendered in 1766

The Proclamation of 1763The Proclamation of

1763British feared more

Settlers Ignore the Law•Many settlers, who really had nowhere to go anyway •British feared more

fighting as colonists kept moving to the frontier

had nowhere to go anyway, defied or ignored the Proclamation of 1763

•Conflicts disrupted trade•Conflicts cost money•The LAW

•It was difficult for the British to enforce•Explorers (like Boone and The LAW

•Banned settlements west of the Appalachian Mts.•Created a border

Explorers (like Boone and Crockett) led people west anyway•Frontier settlements grew •Created a border

between colonial and Indian lands

•Frontier settlements grew •The disregard for British law showed the increase in

l l h h •Ordered settlers out of the Ohio Valley

colonial unhappiness with British control

TaxationEnglish Debts Grew

h d

Taxed Raised•The Sugar Act of 1764 put duties on sugar and molasses •Someone had to pay

for the wars in the colonies

duties on sugar and molasses imported to the colonies•This was not done to regulate trade but to raise money

•Someone had to pay the standing army defending the colonies

trade, but to raise money•Smuggling rules were tightened

•Vice-Admiralty courts•No jury defending the colonies •No jury •Guilty until proven innocent

M ch nts shippin lists •Merchants shipping lists required•Ship searches on the oceanTh ht l t ALL d •Those caught lost ALL goods

and their ship

No Taxation Without Representation! Representation!

Samuel AdamsColonists Fight the New TaxesJ m s Otis nd S mu l Ad ms •James Otis and Samuel Adams were

leaders in this movement•British Parliament had no colonial representatives p•Colonists believed they could not be taxed without representatives in Parliament•Committees of Correspondence formed•Committees of Correspondence formed

•This was a network of colonists who moved ideas to all parts of the colonies•This allowed colony wide challenges to taxes

•Organized boycotts•Boycott- refused to buy goods Boycott refused to buy goods to hurt the seller

Any Better Ideas?Prime Minister George

G illAny better ideas?

Grenville •British Prime Minister Grenville heard the complaints and asked complaints, and asked if the colonists had any better ideas for raising funds•The colonists offered to tax themselves to tax themselves •P.M. Grenville said “NO!”

The Stamp Act of 1765The Stamp Act

•An official stamp (seal) was required on all purchased paper

Rejection of the Stamp Act by Colonists

required on all purchased paper items

•Mail•News

•The Sons of Liberty and other secrets societies formed

•They threatened and used violence against tax collectors

•Wills•Playing Cards•Etc.

•Refusal to follow the law meant

violence against tax collectors•Courts shut down•Businesses ignored the Stamp Act•Patrick Henry (Virginia House of B ) id it i l t d th i ht Refusal to follow the law meant

fines and jail time•Colonists were also denied a jury trail for Stamp Act

l

Burgesses) said it violated the rights of the colonists

•Patrick Henry’s Treason Speech:•“Caesar had his Brutus;

violations•P.M. Grenville thought it was fair, British citizens paid a similar tax in Great Britain

;Charles the First his Cromwell; and George the Third—" [Cries of "Treason! Treason!"] "George the Third may profit Great Britain George the Third may profit by their example. If this be treason, make the most of it."

Stamp Act Repealed

The Stamp Act The Stamp Act RepealedCongress

•Massachusetts, October 1765 delegates from

p p•In 1766, Parliament ended the Stamp Act•They also issued the 1765, delegates from

NINE of the thirteen colonies met to decide how t h dl th St A t

They also issued the Declaratory Act

•It stated:Parliament had to handle the Stamp Act

•They issued a declaration to Parliament stating that

•Parliament had power to make colonial laws “IN g

the Stamp Act violated the rights and liberties of the colonists

ALL CASES”•Parliament made the rules NOT the colonists the rules, NOT THE COLONISTS

Townshend ActsThe Townshend Acts

•June 1767- the Townshend A l d d i i

Colonial Boycotts•Colonists refused to buy th d f B it iActs placed duties on imports

(like glass, lead, paint, paper, tea, ect.)

these goods from Britain•Colonial legislatures protested•The ship Liberty is seized

•It was suspected of •These taxes were created to pay for the military costs and salaries of the troops

•It was suspected of smuggling•It was John Hancock’s shipsalaries of the troops

defending the colonies•They allowed writs of assistance- a form allowing tax

ship•Hancock accused tax collectors of punishing him for opposing the assistance- a form allowing tax

collectors to search for smuggled goodsIt vi lated the c nstituti nal

pp gTownshend Acts

•Sons of Liberty •They attack the homes of

l ff l•It violated the constitutional rights of British citizens

several customs officials

Britain Takes Action on the ColoniesColonies

Massachusetts Governor takes Action

The Boston MassacreMarch 5 1770 British Action

•Governor Francis Bernard broke up the Massachusetts legislature

March 5, 1770 – British soldiers and colonists disliked each other and often fought or

ll d h th legislature•He called British troops into Massachusetts to restore order

called each other namesA lone British soldier was

standing guard in Boston when h t i t fi ht ith order

•Troops arrived in October 1768

he got into a fight with a colonist

A crowd gathered, shouting l d h llinsults, and throwing snowballs.

A small group of soldiers arrived to see what the commotion was all about.

A Massacre in Boston!After the soldiers arrived…

•The mob of colonists grew louder and angrier

Colonial Propaganda•Propaganda – Information giving only one side in an argumentand angrier

•A soldier was hit with a club•Suddenly, the soldiers fired their rifles into the crowd

only one side in an argument•Colonists called it a MASSACRE•They charged the soldiers and Officer Thomas Preston with rifles into the crowd

•5 colonists died•Crispus Attucks a black sailor was among the dead

Officer Thomas Preston with murder•Josiah Quincy and John Adams (Bostonians) defended the g (Boston ans) defended the soldiers in a trial

•The jury agreed it was self-defense•Two soldiers accused of killing were branded and releasedTh t i l l d thi d•The trial calmed things down

Townshend Acts RepealedThe Townshend Acts

RepealedThe Boston Tea Party

•Colonists in Boston d h ld Repealed

•In order to ease tension, Parliament

announced they would not allow British tea to be unloaded in Boston Harbor

repealed the taxes on all items EXCEPT tea.C l i t h d it h d

u H•December 16, 1773 –Patriots, disguised as Indians boarded three •Colonists had switched

to drinking Dutch tea•British ships blocked

Indians, boarded three British tea ships

•342 tea chests were d d d d •British ships blocked

Dutch tea from Boston Harbor

opened and dumped into Boston Harbor

Intolerable Acts of 1774The Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts

•Parliament reacted to the tea party

•Closed Boston HarborClosed Boston Harbor•Stripped the Massachusetts government of ALL government of ALL power•Banned town meetings•Forced the quartering of British troops in colonists homesco on sts hom s

Colonial ReactionFirst Continental Congress

•September 5, 1774 – The First Continental Congress met in

“Give me liberty or give me death!”

•Virginian Patrick Henry, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

•56 delegated from 12 colonies (minus Georgia)Wh t t d t?

g y,March of 1775, gave his famous speech.

•He called for colonists to is th militi d train •What to do next?

•Radicals – FIGHT NOW!•Conservatives-Peaceful compromise

raise the militia and train to fight!

compromise•They sent a list of complaints to Parliament

•Declaration of RightsDeclaration of Rights•10 Resolutions

•Called for boycott of British goodsg•Warned colonial militias to get ready!

One if by Land!The British take Boston

•British General Thomas Gage t k d i B t

The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere

takes command in Boston•The colonial militia weapons and ammo was stored in Concord Mass Only 20 miles Concord, Mass. Only 20 miles from Boston•Gage decided to take the weapons storeweapons store

•April 18, 1775 – British troops set out for Concord

•Paul Revere rides ahead•1 if by land•2 if by sea

•He roused the minutemen to bl d f hassemble and prepare to fight

•“The British are coming!”

The Shot Heard ‘Round the World’April 19, 1775

•About 100 minutemen The WAR for

Independence has begun!assembled in Lexington, Mass. Led by Captain James Parker•“Don’t fire unless fired

“By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April's breeze Don t fire unless fired

upon.” he ordered•As British troops marched

h t t

g punfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stoodAnd fired the shot heard up, a shot rang out.

•No one knows where from•The battle begins!

round the world."Ralph Waldo EmersonThe Concord Hymng

•It only lasted a few minutes•8 dead militia•10 wounded militia

The Concord Hymn

10 wounded militia