The Cell

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=gFuEo2ccTPA

A. History of Cells & the Cell Theory

2Cell Specialization

1. 1662-Anton van Leeuwenhoek

a. First to make and use a compound light microscope

b. He found tiny living things in water he called “animicules”

c. Considered the “father of Microscopy” because of his advances in making microscopes and lenses.

2. 1665-Hooke is responsible for naming cells. Hooke looked at cork and called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells

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3. The Cell Theory

a. In 1838, a German botanist named Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants were made of cells

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b. In 1839, a German zoologist named Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals were made of cells.

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c. In 1855, a German medical doctor named Rudolph Virchow observed, under the microscope, cells dividing. He stated that all cells come from other pre-existing cells by cell division

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d. CELL THEORY(final results)

1. All living things are made of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things. (basic unit of life)

3. All cells are produced from other cells.

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B. Cell Size and Types

1. Cells, the basic units of organisms, can only be observed under microscope2. Three Basic types of cells include:

9Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell

Cell Size

Question:Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?

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3. CELL SIZE- Typical cells range from 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter

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4. Factors Affecting Cell Size

a. Surface areab. Volume of a cellc. Volume increases FASTER than the surface

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What’s the Answer?

Question:Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?

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About the same size, but …

The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!

5. Number of Cellsa. Although ALL living things are

made of cells, organisms may be:1. Unicellular – composed of one cell

2. Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize into tissues, etc.

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Which Cell Type is Larger?

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_________ > _____________ > ___________Plant cell Animal cell bacteria

a. Multicellular Organisms1. Cells in multicellular

organisms often specialize (take on different shapes & functions)

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Specialized Animal Cells

Muscle cells

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Red blood cells

Cheek cells

Specialized Plant cells

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Xylem cellsPollen

Guard Cells

C. Organization Levels of Life

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Atoms to Organisms

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a. ATOMS b. MOLECULES c. ORGANELLES

1. Nonliving Levels

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a. CELLS – life starts here

b. TISSUES – Similar cells working together

2. Living Levels

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c. ORGANSd. ORGAN SYSTEMS e. ORGANISM

Different tissuesworking together

Different organsworking together

Different systemsworking together to make a whole complete living things

D. Simple or Complex Cells

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1. Prokaryotes – The first Cells

a. Cells that have no nucleus or special cell partsb. Surrounded by cell membrane & cell wallc. Includes bacteriad. Simplest type of celle. Single, circular chromosome

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2. Eukaryotes-complex

a. Contain 3 basic cell structures:– Nucleus– Cell Membrane– Cytoplasm with organelles

b. Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

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c. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells

261. Plant Cell 2. Animal Cell