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THE CATILINARIAN CONSPIRACY. Rome was increasingly a city of division between the rich and poor 99%...
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Transcript of THE CATILINARIAN CONSPIRACY. Rome was increasingly a city of division between the rich and poor 99%...
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THE CATILINARIANCONSPIRACY
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• Rome was increasingly a city of division between the rich and poor 99% of the Empires wealth was in the hands of 1% of its population
• The ambition for control of this wealth was steadily overriding all other political and social concerns.
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• Lucius Sergius Catilina (Catiline) was an extremist, but probably symptomatic of the age, in which Romans , because of extreme political competition were forced to try alternate means of acquiring power
• The Catiline Conspiracy, its discovery and treatment in the Senate, exposes the ills of the Republic and the politicians of the day, namely Cicero, Caesar, Crassus and Cato.
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In 64 BC, Catiline and Cicero both ran for the consulshipThe Senate, wary of “novi homines”, supported Cicero’s candidacy.
Cicero, with Optimates support, won the election
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In 63BC Catiline, again stood for the Consulship,
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Catiline secretly began to rally support for his conspiracy:
• senators who had lost elections for consul in the past or hated Cicero
• poor people to whom Catiline had promised debt relief
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Catiline organized an armyand began to raid the countryside.
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Catiline’s final plan wasto attack the Senate and to murder Cicero.
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Warned by his mistress (aprostitute), Cicero placedguards around his home andfrightened away the conspirators.
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The next morning at theSenate House, with Catiline in the audience, Cicero revealed the conspiracy plot.
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This was the first of Cicero’sfour speeches againstCatiline known as theCatilinarians.
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• Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita
• Oratio in Catilinam Secunda in Senatu Habita ad Populum
• Oratio in Catilinam Tertia in Senatu Habita ad Populum
• Oratio in Catilinam Quarta in Senatu Habita ad Populum
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When Catiline fled Rome, Cicero pointed to this asevidence for the conspiracy.
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Cicero was then given senatus consultum ultimum (full authority without having to consult the Senate).
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With Catiline organizing hisarmy outside of Rome, Ciceroarrested five of the keyconspirators.
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The Senate debated thepunishment of the conspirators,with most arguing (includingCicero) for their immediate death without a trial.
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While this was consideredUnlawful (because
Death without trial violated Roman law, Cicero argued that this was a time of emergency.
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While most senators agreed with Cicero, Caesar argued forproperty confiscations and life imprisonment.
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When Cicero gave a speech to the people in the forum aboutthe conspirators, the senatorswere persuaded to side with him.
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The five conspirators wereexecuted, and as a result, many deserted from Catiline’s army.
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Rome defeated Catiline’s army,and Catiline was killed in thebattle.
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With Cicero having uncoveredthe conspiracy and havingprotected Rome, he was given the title pater patriae (“father of the country”)