The Caring Spirit Approach to Eldercare:A Training Guide for Professionals and Families (Krisemen...

8/13/2019 The Caring Spirit Approach to Eldercare:A Training Guide for Professionals and Families (Krisemen excerpt)

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Mfktbkts

@mjkfwnbloibkts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vdd

Hfrbwfrl ay _dnnd`i G. \gfi`s, I.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dx

Srbh`mb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xd

Gfw tf Rsb tgds Affj `kl \r dkdko Srfor`i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xddd

Dktrflumtdfk _gy ` ]pdrdtu`n @pprf`mg tf \r`dkdko6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

G`klfut“_g`t Ds \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt ℡ @pprf`mg6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01

]BM\DFK D \Q@DKDKO HFQ SQFHB]]DFK@N M@QBODXBQ]

Mg`ptbr 0 Rklbrst`kldko ]pdrdtu`ndty `kl Tfur ]pdrdtu`n ]bnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02

Iflunb 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

G`klfut 0.0“Ibldm`n Xbrsus ]pdrdtu`n Iflbn fh M`rb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

G`klfut 0.1“H`dtg, Ndhb, Nfvb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Mg`ptbr 1 Mrb`tdko ` ]pdrdtu`n _frj Bkvdrfkibkt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1?

Iflunb 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =1

G`klfut 1.0“Pubstdfks tf Sfklbr5 Lbhdkdko Gfib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =?

Mg`ptbr = _gy _frjdko dk Bnlbrm`rb Ds ` Anbssdko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =4

Iflunb = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <<

Mg`ptbr < Gfw Dkspdr`tdfk @hhbmts ]t`hh Ibiabrs

`kl \gfsb hfr _gfi \gby M`rb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <4

Iflunb < . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Mg`ptbr 2 ]pdrdtu`n @pprf`mgbs tf M`rdko hfr Bnlbrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Iflunb 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8?

G`klfut 2.0“Srbsmrdptdfk Afttnb Dkorbldbkts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?0

G`klfut 2.1“Srbsmrdptdfk Afttnb ]dlb Bhhbmts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?1

Mg`ptbr 8 Gfw ]t`hh Ibiabrs M`k Hdkl ]uppfrt

wdtgdk tgb _frj \gby Lf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?=

Iflunb 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?7

G`klfut 8.0“Pubstdfks tf Sfklbr5 Abdko @kobn-Ndjb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7=

G`klfut 8.1“@kobn M`rls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<

Mg`ptbr ? ]pdrdtu`n _`ys tf Mfpb wdtg ]trbss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Iflunb ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

G`klfut ?.0“Abdko dk ]fibfkb Bnsb—s ]gfbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

G`klfut ?.1“]funhun Xbrsus ]trbsshun Bxpbrdbkmbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4?

G`klfut ?.=“Idssbl Fppfrtukdtdbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

v

Mfpyrdogt © 1332 ay Gb`ntg Srfhbssdfks Srbss, Dkm. @nn rdogts rbsbrvbl.



G`klfut ?.<5 Idssbl Fppfrtukdtdbs“@kswbr Jby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 033

G`klfut ?.25 Nfvdko-Jdklkbss Ibldt`tdfk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 031

Mg`ptbr 7 Mfiiukdm tdko hrfi tgb Gb`rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 032

Iflunb 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 037G`klfut 7.0“]pdrdtu`n Ndstbkdko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00=

G`klfut 7.1“Mfiiukdm`tdfk Qf`lanfmjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00<

G`klfut 7.=“]pdrdtu`n Ndstbkdko Bxbrmdsb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 002

G`klfut 7.<“]pdrdtu`n Ndstbkdko @kswbrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00?

Mg`ptbr 4 ]t`ydko Mfkkbmtbl \grfuog Qdtu`ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 004

Iflunb 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 018

G`klfut 4.0“Qdtu`ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0=0

G`klfut 4.1“Pubstdfks tf Sfklbr5 X`nudko Qdtu`ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0=1

Mg`ptbr 03 \`jdko M`rb fh Fur Fwk ]pdrdts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0==

Iflunb 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0=7G`klfut 03.0“\`jdko M`rb fh Fur Fwk ]pdrdts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0<=

]BM\DFK DD \Q@DKDKO HFQ H@IDNT M@QBODXBQ]

Mg`ptbr 00 _gy ` ]pdrdtu`n @pprf`mg tf M`rdko I`ttbrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0<4

Iflunb 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 021

G`klfut 00.0“]pdrdtu`n _`ys fh M`rdko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02?

Mg`ptbr 01 Gbnpdko Hìdndbs Mfkkbmt hrfi tgb Gb rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 024

Iflunb 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08<

G`klfut 01.0“Gbnpdko Hìdndbs Mfkkbmt hrfi \gbdr Gb`rts . . . . . . . . . . 084

G`klfut 01.1“Ndstbkdko hrfi tgb Gb`rt…

\fw`rl ]pdrdtu`n Mfiiukdm`tdfk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0?3

G`klfut 01.=“Ndstbkdko hrfi tgb Gb`rt ]mbk`rdfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0?1

Mg`ptbr 0= ]pdrdtu`n @pprf`mgbs tf Mfpdko wdtg ]trbss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0?=

Iflunb 0= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0??

G`klfut 0=.0“]bttdko Ndidts tf Qblumb ]trbss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07=

G`klfut 0=.1“]funhun Xbrsus ]trbsshun Bxpbrdbkmbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07<

G`klfut 0=.=“@kobn M`rls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 072

Mg`ptbr 0< Gbnpdko Tfur Hìdny Ibiabr Hdkdsg _bnn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07?

Iflunb 0< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 042

G`klfut 0<.0“@ktdmdp tfry Ordbvdko `kl ]tòbs fh Ordbvdko . . . . . . . . . 044

G`klfut 0<.1“A`r rdbrs tf Nbttdko Of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

G`klfut 0<.=“Nfvdko-Jdklkbss Ibldt`tdfk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Mrbldts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13=

vd Mfktbkts




„D mfktbkl, gfwbvbr, tg`t `nn tgdkos abdko bqu`n,

wb wdnn wfrj g`rlbr `kl ifrb bhhbmtdvbny hfr pbfpnb

wb ndjb. @kl wb wdnn ndjb tgbi dk ldrbmt prfpfrtdfk

tf gfw tgby i`jb us hbbn.’Eìbs Jfuzbs & A`rry Sfskbr, hrfi Mrbldadndty

\gb M`rdko ]pdrdt tr`dkdko prforì w`s lbvbnfpbl `s ` rbsunt fh sbvbr`n mfkmbrks5

0. \gb nfw st`hh ifr nb `kl gdog turkfvbr prbv`nbkt dk nfko-tbri m rb sbttdkos

`kl gfw tgbsb h`mtfrs `hhbmt m`rb.

1. \gb n`mj fh tr dkdko prforìs v`dn anb tf gbnp hìdny m`rbodvbrs prfmbss tgbdr

hbbndkos àfut m`rbodvdko.

=. \gb n`mj fh tr dkdko `v`dnànb tf prfvdlb hìdndbs `kl prfhbssdfk`ns wdtg spdr-

dtu`n rbsfurmbs tf gbnp tgbi mfpb wdtg tgb dkbvdtànb strbssbs fh m`rbodvdko.

IBB\DKO M@QB ]\@HH KBBL]

_gbk llrbssdko tgb mfkmbrk fh nfw st`hh ifr`nb kl gdog turkfvbr dk nfko-tbri

m`rb sbttdkos, rbsb`rmg rbvb`ns ldsmrbp`kmy abtwbbk gfw st`hh ibiabrs abg`vbl

dk tgbdr efas `kl wg`t tgby rbpfrtbl `s tgbdr rb`sfks hfr mgffsdko tgb wfrj tgby

ldl. ]t`hh ibiabrs sbbibl ukg`ppy `kl ukiftdv`tbl dk tgbdr efas, `kl tgby

lbifkstr`tbl nfw ifr`nb. Tbt wgbk `sjbl dk tr`dkdko sbssdfks wgy tgby mgfsb

tgb wfrj tgby ldl, st`hh ibiabrs usu`nny rbspfklbl wdtg vbry pfsdtdvb mfi-

ibkts, sumg `s tgbsb mfnnbmtbl lurdko tgb i`ky yb`rs D g`vb prfvdlbl tr`dkdko tf

nfko-tbri m`rb prfhbssdfk`ns5

0

Dktrflumtdfk




1 Dktrflumtdfk

„D nfvb fnlbr pbfpnb.’

„Iy iì` `nw`ys tfnl ib D wfunl m`rb hfr pbfpnb wgf kbblbl iy gbnp.’

„Iy or`kliftgbr w`s sumg k dkspdr`tdfk tf ib: D w`kt tf odvb a`mj wg`t sgbtùogt ib.’

„Fnlbr pbfpnb g`vb wfklbrhun stfrdbs tf tbnn.’

„D ndjb abdko wdtg fnlbr pbfpnb abmùsb tgby pprbmd`tb wg`t yfu lf hfr tgbi.’

„D jkfw tgby m`k—t m`rb hfr tgbisbnvbs `kl D w`kt tf gbnp tgbi.’

„\gby i`jb ib nùog.’

„\gby hbbn ndjb hìdny tf ib.’

\gus, o`p ppb`rs tf bxdst abtwbbk efa s`tdsh`mtdfk kl pbfpnb—s frdodk`n purpfsb

hfr t`jdko tgb efa. \gds r`dsbs twf qubstdfks5

• _gy lf st hh ibiabrs nfsb spdrdt tfw`rl tgb bnlbrs `kl tgbdr wfrj6

• _gy ds tgbrb sumg ` wdlb o`p abtwbbk efa s`tdsh mtdfk kl pbrsfk—s frdodk`n

purpfsb hfr t`jdko tgb efa6

Rklbrst`kldko \r`dkdko @pprf`mgbs hfr ]t`hh

Dk `k bhhfrt tf `kswbr tgbsb qubstdfks, D rbsb`rmgbl sfib fh tgb kbwbr st`hh tr`dk-

dko prforìs tf sbb wgbtgbr ldhhbrbkt `pprf`mgbs tf tr`dkdko wbrb abdko bxpnfrbl,

`kl dh tgb tr`dkdko abdko mfklumtbl w`s sbksdtdvb tf tgb bnlbrm rb mg`nnbkobs tg`t

st`hh h`mb wgbk prfvdldko m`rb. ]bvbr`n tr`dkdko p`r`ldois“tgb Abst Hrdbkls

`pprf`mg, tgb _bnnsprdko iflbn, `kl tgb Abttbr Ndhb pgdnfsfpgy fh @ppnb Gb`ntg

M`rb“sbbibl tf ab ifrb dkkfv`tdvb dk tgbdr tgdkjdko àfut bnlbrm`rb `kl tr`dk-

dko. \gbsb prforìs hfmusbl fk tgb mrdtdm`n dssubs fh rbtbktdfk `kl turkfvbr, st`hh

ifr`nb, `kl pffr wfrj pbrhfri`kmb. \gby rbmfokdzbl tgb kbbl tf prfvdlb ` ldh-

hbrbkt `pprf`mg tf tr`dkdko. \gby `nsf `llrbssbl dipfrt`kt tr`dkdko dssubs tg`t

g`vb hfribrny abbk fvbrnffjbl. Hfr bxìpnb, tgby g`vb

• Qbbxìdkbl tgb mfktbkt fh tgb tr`dkdko prfvdlbl, i`jdko surb dt gbnps tgb st`hh

`mqudrb tgb sjdnns kbblbl tf prfvdlb tgb abst m`rb tf bnlbrs

• ]trbssbl tgb dipfrt`kmb fh g`vdko mfktbkt tg`t ds `pprfprd tb tf tgb blum`tdfk

nbvbn fh tgb st`hh

• Hfmusbl fk tgb kbbl tf prfvdlb ifrb dktbr`mtdvb tr`dkdko hfr tgb st`hh

• Gdogndogtbl tgb kbbl hfr mfiidtibkt hrfi tgb `lidkdstr tdfk tf tr`dk nn st hh

`kl bkmfuròb ` nb`rkdko mfiiukdty

• ]uoobstbl tg`t mfksdstbkt supbrvdsdfk `kl hfnnfw-up wdtg st hh ibiabrs ds

kbmbss`ry tf rbdkhfrmb wg`t ds abdko nb`rkbl `kl tf prfvdlb fppfrtukdtdbs hfr

st`hh ibiabrs tf hbbn `pprbmd`tbl hfr tgbdr bhhfrts




Dktrflumtdfk =

• @mjkfwnblobl tg t hfr st`hh ibiabrs tf `mmfipndsg tgbdr efas, tgby kbbl tf

g`vb tgb kbmbss`ry tffns, `kl tgbsb tffns kbbl tf ab b`sdny `mmbssdanb

• Srfiftbl mrb`tdko ` nb rkdko bkvdrfkibkt tg`t ds nbss ldstr`mtdko `kl ifrb

mfklumdvb tf nb`rkdko

Lbspdtb tgbsb pfsdtdvb mg`kobs fhhbrbl ay tgb kbw p`r`ldois, ` jby mfipfkbkt

stdnn w`s idssdko. \gb tr`dkdko prforìs ldl kft hfmus fk gfw st`hh ibiabrs hbnt

àfut tgbdr wfrj fr gfw tgby mfunl ab gbnpbl tf hbbn ifrb spdrdtbl dk tgbdr wfrj.

Fkb fh tgb ldstdkoudsgdko hb`turbs `kl jby mfipfkbkts fh \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt

tr`dkdko prforì ds tgb kftdfk tg`t st`hh ibiabrs kbbl tr`dkdko tg`t dkmnulbs

gbnpdko tgbi mfkkbmt tf tgbdr spdrdts `kl lbvbnfp ifrb m`rdko ttdtulbs tfw`rl tgbi-

sbnvbs `kl tgb bnlbrs hfr wgfi tgby m`rb.

\gb M`rdko ]pdrdt tr`dkdko prforì prfvdlbs ` hfukl`tdfk hfr frdbktdko st`hh tf

`k obkmy—s pgdnfsfpgy fh m`rb. Dt bipg`sdzbs k btgdm`n pprf`mg tf m`rb kl prf-

vdlbs hrìbwfrj hfr gbnpdko st`hh rbmfokdzb tgb v`nub fh tgbdr wfrj. Dk `lldtdfk,dt sbts tgb stòb hfr `nn ftgbr tr`dkdko fhhbrbl ay ` h`mdndty. Dh st`hh m`k i`dkt`dk `

m`rdko spdrdt `ttdtulb tfw`rl tgbdr wfrj `kl tgbdr pbbrs, `kl dh huturb st`hh tr`dkdko

m`k bipg`sdzb \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt pgdnfsfpgy, tgbk turkfvbr mfunl ab rblumbl `kl

efa s`tdsh`mtdfk bkg`kmbl.

IBB\DKO H@IDNT M@QBODXBQ KBBL]

@kftgbr rb`sfk abgdkl tgb mrb`tdfk fh \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt tr`dkdko prforì w`s tgb

n`mj fh tr`dkdko prforìs hfr hìdny m`rbodvbrs, bspbmd`nny `ky wdtg ` hfmus fk

gbnpdko tgbi abmfib ifrb hìdnd`r wdtg tgbdr hbbndkos afut m`rbodvdko kl nb`rk

gfw tf m`rb hfr tgbisbnvbs. @ pnbtgfr` fh rbsb`rmg dkldm`tbs tg`t m`rbodvdko ds

strbsshun `kl m`k mùsb lbprbssdfk `kl ftgbr dnnkbssbs. Hbw tr`dkdko prforìs,

gfwbvbr, `llrbss gfw tf gbnp hìdndbs hdkl pfsdtdvb `kl spdrdtu`n w`ys tf mfpb

wdtg strbss `kl t`jb abttbr m`rb fh tgbdr idkls, afldbs `kl spdrdts.

Hfnnfwdko `rb sfib fh tgb rbspfksbs hìdny ibiabrs prfvdlbl wgbk sjbl

dk v`rdfus tr`dkdko sbssdfks wgy tgby lf kft t`jb m`rb fh tgbisbnvbs5

• \gby wbrb kft wdnndko tf `sj hfr suppfrt `kl gbnp. \gby hbnt tg`t tgbrb wbrb

kft bkfuog `v`dnànb suppfrts `kl rbsfurmbs, fr tgby ldl kft jkfw gfw tf

`mmbss tgbi.

• \gby hbnt dt w s tgbdr efa tf ab tgb m`rbodvbr.

• \gby wbrb tff fvbrwgbnibl tf t`jb m`rb fh tgbisbnvbs fr hbnt tgby ldl kft

g`vb tdib.

• \gby wbrb dk lbkd n tg`t tgby wbrb strbssbl `kl tdrbl.

• \gby ldl kft jkfw gfw tf mfiiukdm`tb tgbdr kbbls.

• \gby ldl kft w`kt tf aftgbr `kyfkb kl hbnt dt w`s tgbdr rbspfksdadndty (spfus-

bs/p`rtkbrs p`rtdmun`rny hbnt tgds w`y).




< Dktrflumtdfk

• \gby hbnt pfwbrnbss fr p`r nyzbl `kl ldl kft bvbk jkfw wgbrb tf abodk.

Mnb`rny ` o`p bxdsts abtwbbk rbmfokdzdko tg`t hìdny m`rbodvbrs `rb strbssbl `kl

lbprbssbl `kl prfvdldko w`ys tf gbnp tgbi mfpb. Dt r`dsbs sbvbr`n qubstdfks5

• _g`t typb fh tr dkdko idogt abst llrbss tgb m`rbodvbrs— mfkmbrks6

• _g`t jdkls fh `pprf`mgbs idogt nb`l tf ifrb bhhbmtdvb mfpdko str`tbodbs hfr

tgbsb hìdny ibiabrs6

• _gy dsk—t spdrdtu`n pprf mg tf m rdko hfr fkbsbnh abdko prfiftbl wdtg hì-

dny m`rbodvbrs6

_GBQB LF SQFHB]]DFK@N]— @KLH@IDNT M@QBODXBQ]— KBBL] FXBQN@S6

Dk rbvdbwdko murrbkt rbsb`rmg rfukl tgb mfkmbpt fh m`rb, dt abmìb pp`rbkt tg`t

m`rb `kl spdrdtu`ndty wbrb rbn`tbl. Dt `nsf abmìb mnb`r tg`t aftg prfhbssdfk`n `kl

hìdny m`rbodvbrs mfunl abkbhdt hrfi tr`dkdko wdtg ` spdrdtu`n `pprf`mg. Dt wfunl

gbnp aftg typbs fh m`rbodvbrs hdkl `lldtdfk`n gb`ntgy sfnutdfks tf mfpdko wdtg tgb

lbi`kls fh m`rbodvdko. \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt tr`dkdko prforì, tgbrbhfrb, `ttbipts tf

rbvdt`ndzb tgb spdrdt fh m`rbodvbrs `kl gbnp tgbi obt dk tfumg wdtg tgbdr gb`rts `kl

sfuns. ]pdrdtu`n v`nubs `kl tgb btgdms surrfukldko m`rdko `rb p`rtdmun`rny bipg`-

sdzbl. D g`vb mfib tf abndbvb tg`t dh spdrdtu`n pprf`mg tf tr`dkdko ds utdndzbl, tgbk

tr`dkdko `kl m`rbodvdko g`vb tgb pftbktd`n tf obkbr`tb kbw ib`kdko `kl prflumb

ifrb bhhbmtdvb futmfibs.

MQB@\DKO @ MRN\RQB FH M@QDKO DK \Q@DKDKO

„ZM`rdkoY ds `k bxprbssdfk fh nfvdko.

Dt—s gfw nfvdko i`jbs dtsbnh jkfwk.’Efgk Ifrtfk, hrfi \gb Anbssdkos @nrb`ly @rb

@s `lv`kmbs dk ibldmdkb bkànb pbfpnb tf ndvb nfkobr, sfmdbty wdnn ab m`rdko hfr

ifrb bnlbrs tg`k bvbr abhfrb. @s tgb st`rt fh tgb 10st mbktury ukhfnls, `t nb`st 13

pbrmbkt fh tgb pfpun`tdfk wdnn ab 82 yb`rs fnl `kl fnlbr, `kl tgb h`stbst-orfwdko

sboibkt fh tgb pfpun`tdfk ds `nrb`ly tgb 72-`kl-fnlbr òb orfup. \gb mg`nnbkob,

tgbk, ds gfw tf m`rb hfr tgds bvbr-dkmrb`sdko pfpun tdfk sf tg`t bnlbrs `rb truny

m`rbl hfr `kl àfut `kl kft eust jbpt `ndvb.Dk tgbdr affj Qbtgdkjdko @nzgbdibr—s M`rb, ùtgfrs, H`zdf, ]bi`k, `kl ]t`ksbnn

`ttbiptbl tf lbhdkb wg`t m`rdko hfr bnlbrs truny ib`ks. \gby prbsbktbl sbvbr`n

kftbwfrtgy mfkmbpts, wgdmg `rb prbh`mbl wdtg tgb hfnnfwdko qubstdfks5

• _g`t lfbs dt ib`k tf m`rb hfr sfibfkb6

• _g`t lfbs m`rdko àfut fr hfr ftgbrs ib`k tf tgb pbrsfk prfvdldko tgb m`rb6

• Gfw m`k sfibfkb m`rb hfr sfibfkb bnsb dk ` w`y tg`t lfbs kft i`jb gdi fr

gbr hbbn ndjb `k faebmt6




Dktrflumtdfk 2

• Gfw lfbs m`rdko hfr sfibfkb gbnp gdi fr gbr6

• Gfw lfbs m`rdko ldhhbr hrfi prfvdldko m`rb6

• _g`t lfbs dt ib`k tf m`rb hfr sfibfkb—s fwk h idny fr hrdbkls, `kl hfr fkb-

sbnh6

\gb ùtgfrs abndbvb tg`t tgb mg`kobs fmmurrdko dk nfkobvdty r`tbs `kl dk gb`ntg

m`rb wdnn rbqudrb st`hh wgf wfrj wdtg bnlbrs tf g`vb ` mnb`rbr pgdnfsfpgy fh m`r-

dko tg`t wdnn suppfrt uklbrst`kldko gfw tf prbsbrvb ` m`rdko `pprf`mg. _gdnb

tgbsb ùtgfrs wbrb i`dkny `llrbssdko prfhbssdfk`n m`rbodvbrs, tgb sìb dssubs

kbbl tf ab `llrbssbl wdtg hìdny m`rbodvbrs `s wbnn.

Dk mfkmnusdfk, H`zdf, bt `n., suoobstbl oudlbndkbs hfr mfksdlbrdko m`rdko dk `

ldhhbrbkt w`y, st`tdko tg`t

• M`rdko gbnps suppfrt tgb sbnh-bstbbi fh tgb bnlbr

• M`rdko gbnps ldidkdsg `kxdbty `kl hb r

• M`rdko gbnps tgb bnlbr hbbn s hb, pgysdm`nny kl biftdfk`nny

• M`rdko nbts tgb pbrsfk jkfw gb fr sgb ds dipfrt`kt `kl v`nubl

• M`rdko dkmrb`sbs tgb ndjbndgffl fh summbsshun mfipnbtdfk fh t sjs tg`t `rb

kbblbl hfr tgb bnlbr

• M`rdko prfvdlbs tgb st`hh wdtg hbbndko fh s`tdsh`mtdfk kl or`tdhdm`tdfk

Hrfi tgbsb oudlbndkbs, dt m`k ab mfkmnulbl tg`t m`rdko ds fkb fh tgb w`ys dk wgdmg

pbfpnb i`kdhbst tgbdr spdrdtu`n sbnvbs dk tgb wfrnl. Qbhnbmtdko fk m`rdko dk tg`t

w`y, sbvbr`n `lldtdfk`n oudlbndkbs mfunl ab `llbl tf tgfsb ndstbl àfvb5

• M`rdko ds ` spdrdtu`n `mt. _gbk st hh ibiabrs, hìdndbs, `kl bnlbrs m`rb hfr

b`mg ftgbr, dt m`k gbnp tgbi hbbn ifrb lbbpny mfkkbmtbl tf tgbisbnvbs kl tf

fkb `kftgbr.

• M`rdko ds `k `mt fh nfvdko jdklkbss tg`t pn`mbs twf pbfpnb dk ` s mrbl sp`mb

tfobtgbr.

• M`rdko rbqudrbs mfksdlbrdko tgb spdrdt fh tgb pbrsfk s wbnn `s tgb idkl `kl

afly.

• M`rdko rbqudrbs ardkodko fur spdrdtu`n v`nubs tf tgb m`rbodvdko prfmbss.

Bxpbmtdko qu`ndty fh m`rb hfr fur bnlbrs rbqudrbs rbmfokdzdko tgb dipfrt`kmb fh

mrb`tdko ` munturb fh m`rdko hfr tgfsb wgf ndvb `kl wfrj dk nfko-tbri m`rb sbttdkos.

Mrb`tdko ` munturb fh m`rdko rbqudrbs twf mfipfkbkts5

0. I`kòbibkt iust bksurb tg t `nn wgf ndvb `kl wfrj dk nfko-tbri m rb bkvd-

rfkibkts `rb trb`tbl wdtg rbspbmt, mfip`ssdfk, `kl m`rdko.

1. ]t hh ibiabrs iust ab pprbmd`tbl `kl v`nubl.

_b m`kkft bxpbmt m`rbodvbrs tf prfvdlb qu`ndty m`rb tf bnlbrs dh wb lf kft v`nub

tgbdr wfrj `kl prfvdlb tgbi wdtg tgb tr`dkdko `kl tffns tgby kbbl tf mfklumt




8 Dktrflumtdfk

tgbdr efas wdtg dktbordty `kl m`rdko. Iy `pprf`mg tf mrb`tdko ` munturb fh m`rdko

bipg`sdzbs mfip`ssdfk`tb v`nubs, ` sfndl sbksb fh btgdms, `kl mfktdkubl rbmfokd-

tdfk fh tgb s`mrblkbss fh tgb bkl fh ndhb. \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt pgdnfsfpgy prfvdlbs tgb

spdrdtu`n orfuklwfrj kbblbl tf mrb`tb sumg ` munturb fh m`rdko dk nfko-tbri m`rbsbttdkos.

Pubstdfks tf Sfklbr _gbk \ jdko ` ]pdrdtu`n@pprf`mg tf \r`dkdko wdtg Srfhbssdfk`ns `kl Hìdndbs

\gb qubstdfks abnfw sbt tgb stòb hfr tgdkjdko àfut gfw ` spdrdtu`n `pprf`mg tf

tr`dkdko mg`kobs tgb mfktbxt fh tgb tr`dkdko hfr prfhbssdfk`ns `kl hìdndbs.

Pubstdfks hfr Srfhbssdfk`ns

0. Gfw lfbs tgds tr`dkdko prforì kurturb tgb spdrdts `kl sfuns fh tgb

st`hh sf tgby dk turk m`k kurturb tgb spdrdts `kl sfuns fh tgb bnlbrs6

• @rb st`hh ibiabrs prfvdlbl wdtg w`ys tf bxgdadt tgbdr strbkotgs6

• @rb tgbrb fppfrtukdtdbs hfr st hh ibiabrs tf sg`rb tgbdr spdrdtu`n sdlbs6

• @rb st`hh ibiabrs bipfwbrbl tf t`p dktf tgbdr spdrdtu`ndty tf gbnp tgbi

tgrfuog tgb ifrb ldhhdmunt sdtu`tdfks6

• @rb st`hh ibiabrs prfvdlbl wdtg tgb „mfip`ssdfk`tb tffns’ tgby kbbl tf

wfrj dk ` m`rdko w`y wdtg fur bnlbrs6

• @rb st hh ibiabrs sgfwk tg t tgbdr jkfwnblob kl bxpbrdbkmb ds v`nubl6

• _g`t fppfrtukdtdbs `rb prfvdlbl hfr st`hh ibiabrs tf jkfw fkb `kftgbr6

• @rb st`hh ibiabrs gfkfrbl `kl rbspbmtbl dk w`ys tgby m`k rbmdprfm tb

wdtg tgb bnlbrs6

• _g`t fppfrtukdtdbs rb prfvdlbl hfr tgb st hh tf g`vb ` ifrb spdrdtu`n

bkvdrfkibkt dk wgdmg tf wfrj6

• Gfw ds ` munturb fh m`rdko mrb`tbl `kl i`dkt`dkbl dk tgb wfrj bkvdrfk-

ibkt6

1. Gfw lf tr`dkdko prforìs bkmfuròb st`hh tf jkfw tgb bnlbrs hfr

wgfi tgby m`rb6

• @rb st`hh ibiabrs `sjbl dk tr`dkdko bxbrmdsbs tf sg`rb dkhfri`tdfk `klstfrdbs àfut tgb bnlbrs dk tgbdr m`rb6

• @rb st`hh ibiabrs prfvdlbl wdtg offl a`mjorfukl dkhfri`tdfk àfut

bvbry bnlbr hfr wgfi tgby `rb bxpbmtbl tf prfvdlb m`rb6

• @rb st`hh ibiabrs odvbk bkfuog tdib tf prfvdlb dkldvdlu`ndzbl m`rb tf

rbsdlbkts dk tgbdr m`rb6

• @rb st`hh ibiabrs odvbk dkhfri tdfk àfut tgb rbndodfus fr muntur`n a`mj-




Dktrflumtdfk ?

orfukls fh bnlbrs dk tgbdr m`rb6

Fkmb tgbsb qubstdfks `rb `llrbssbl, st`hh m`k abodk rbmbdvdko tgb abst pfssdanb

tr`dkdko dk tgb ifst spdrdtu`n w`y.

Pubstdfks hfr Hìdndbs

0. Gfw lfbs tgds tr`dkdko prforì kurturb tgb spdrdts `kl sfuns fh hì-

dny m`rbodvbrs sf tgby dk turk m`k kurturb tgb spdrdts kl sfuns fh tgbdr

nfvbl fkbs6

• @rb tgbrb fppfrtukdtdbs hfr hìdny m`rbodvbrs tf rbmfokdzb tgbdr spdrdtu n

sdlbs6

• @rb h idndbs bipfwbrbl tf nb`k fk tgbdr spdrdtu ndty tf gbnp tgbi

tgrfuog ldhhdmunt sdtu`tdfks6

• @rb h idny m`rbodvbrs bkmfur obl tf kurturb tgbisbnvbs6 @rb tgby prf-

vdlbl wdtg tgb sjdnns kbblbl tf lf sf6

• @rb tgby tùogt tf rbmfokdzb gfw strbss `kl lbprbssdfk m`k ab dkldm`tfrs

tg`t tgbdr spdrdts `rb kft abdko kurturbl6

• @rb hìdny m`rbodvbrs tùogt spdrdtu`n `pprf`mgbs tf mfpdko wdtg strbss dk

`lldtdfk tf ftgbr tr`ldtdfk`n `pprf`mgbs6

Fkmb tgbsb qubstdfks `rb `llrbssbl, dt ds ndjbny tg`t ifrb bhhbmtdvb mfpdko sjdnns

m`k ab `v`dnànb hfr hìdny m`rbodvbrs. Ay p`rtdmdp`tdko dk \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt prf-

orì, hìdny m`rbodvbrs wdnn g`vb tgb fppfrtukdty tf hdkl mfihfrt dk ` spdrdtu`n

`pprf`mg tf m`rdko hfr tgbisbnvbs wgdnb tgby `rb m`rdko hfr tgbdr nfvbl fkbs.

FXBQXDB_ FH \GB M@QDKO ]SDQD\

\Q@DKDKO SQFOQ@I HFQ SQFHB]]DFK@N ]\@HH

\gb faebmtdvbs fh \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt tr`dkdko prforì hfr prfhbssdfk`ns `rb

• \f prfiftb ` ifrb pfsdtdvb munturb wdtgdk ` h`mdndty—s m`rb mfiiukdty

• \f bkmfuròb ifrb mfip ssdfk`tb, spdrdtu`n pprf`mg tf m rdko hfr bnlbrs

• \f diprfvb st`hh ifr`nb

• \f prfiftb ifrb pfsdtdvb hbbndkos kl efa s`tdsh`mtdfk

\gb M`rdko ]pdrdt tr`dkdko prforì hfr prfhbssdfk`ns mfkt`dks tbk dktbr`mtdvb tr`dk-

dko iflunbs lbsdokbl tf ibbt tgbsb faebmtdvbs. \fobtgbr, tgb iflunbs nsf mmfi-

pndsg tgbsb `lldtdfk`n t`sjs5

• Bkmfur ob tbì audnldko.

• Gbnp audnl afkl fh trust ìfko p`rtdmdp`kts.

• Gbnp p`rtdmdp`kts abmfib ifrb w`rb fh tgbdr dkkbr sbnvbs.




7 Dktrflumtdfk

• Gbnp p`rtdmdp`kts rbmfokdzb tgbdr t`nbkts `kl sjdnns.

• Obkbr`tb ifrb pfsdtdvb mfiiukdm`tdfk ìfko p`rtdmdp`kts, wdtg tgb of`n fh

audnldko ` munturb fh m`rdko ìfko `nn st`hh ibiabrs `kl bnlbrs.

• Gbnp p rtdmdp`kts rbmfokdzb wgbk tgbdr fwk spdrdts `rb dk ebfp`rly sf tgby m`k

t`jb ` ifrb spdrdtu`n `pprf`mg tf prfvdldko abttbr m`rb hfr tgbisbnvbs.

B`mg iflunb ds `k gfur-`kl-`-g`nh dk nbkotg `kl w`s mrb`tbl tf ab ` st`kl-`nfkb

sbssdfk. B`mg iflunb audnls upfk tgb ftgbrs, gfwbvbr, `kl dt ds rbmfiibklbl

tg`t p`rtdmdp`kts mfiidt tf `ttbkldko `nn tbk sbssdfks.

Iflunb Fkb5 Rklbrst`kldko ]pdrdtu`ndty `kl Tfur ]pdrdtu`n ]bnh

\gb hfmus fh tgds tr`dkdko iflunb ds tf fpbk tgb p`tgw`ys hfr p`rtdmdp`kts tf

bxpnfrb wg`t spdrdtu`ndty ib`ks tf tgbi `kl tf ftgbrs. \gby wdnn bxpnfrb w`ys tf

t`p dktf tgbdr fwk spdrdtu`n sbnvbs. Dk `lldtdfk, tgby wdnn nb`rk gfw abdko spdrdtu-`n m`k nb`l tf ` ldhhbrbkt w`y fh m`rdko hfr tgbisbnvbs `kl hfr tgb bnlbrs wdtg

wgfi tgby wfrj.

Iflunb \wf5 Mrb`tdko ` ]pdrdtu`n _frj Bkvdrfkibkt

\gb hfmus gbrb ds fk gfw tf mrb`tb ifrb spdrdtu`n wfrj bkvdrfkibkt, bxpnfrdko

wg`t gfib ib`ks tf p`rtdmdp`kts `kl tf tgb bnlbrs dk tgbdr m`rb. S`rtdmdp`kts `nsf

lbvbnfp ` lbhdkdtdfk fh tgb mfkmbpt fh ` munturb fh m`rdko, bxpnfrdko tgb dipfrt`kmb

fh g`vdko ` m`rdko munturb dk wgdmg tf ndvb `kl wfrj.

Iflunb \grbb5 _gy _frjdko dk Bnlbrm`rb Ds ` Anbssdko_frjdko tgrfuog tgds iflunb gbnps p`rtdmdp`kts `pprbmd`tb tgb wfrj tgby lf `kl

o`dk ` abttbr uklbrst`kldko fh wgy tgby lf tgds jdkl fh wfrj. \gby bxpnfrb wgy

wfrjdko wdtg bnlbrs ds ` anbssdko. S`rtdmdp`kts `nsf bxìdkb tgb i`ky w`ys dk

wgdmg tgby `rb anbssbl tf wfrj wdtg b`mg ftgbr `kl gfw dt ds ` prdvdnbob tf gbnp

bnlbrs hdkdsg wbnn . @s p`rtdmdp`kts abmfib ifrb `w`rb fh tgb i`ky anbssdkos dk

tgbdr ndvbs, tgby `rb ifrb `pt tf hbbn tgb àukl`kmb tgby o`dk hrfi tgbdr efas.

Iflunb Hfur5 Gfw Dkspdr`tdfk @hhbmts]t`hh Ibiabrs kl \gfsb hfr _gfi \gby M`rb

Dkspdr`tdfk gbnps iftdv`tb st`hh ibiabrs `kl rbdkhfrmbs tgb v`nub fh tgbdr wfrj.\gds tr`dkdko iflunb gbnps tgbi dlbktdhy wgf g`s dkspdrbl tgbi dk tgbdr ndvbs kl

wg`t dkspdr`tdfk ib`ks tf tgbi. Dt gbnps tgbi `kswbr tgb qubstdfks, „_g`t

dkspdrbs ib tf wfrj wdtg bnlbrs6’ `kl „Gfw m`k wb dkspdrb b`mg ftgbr6’

Iflunb Hdvb5 ]pdrdtu`n @pprf`mgbs tf M`rdko hfr Bnlbrs

M`rdko hfr bnlbrs `t tgb bkl fh tgbdr ndvbs ds mg`nnbkodko aut m`k `nsf ab sbbk `s

s`mrbl . Rklbrst`kldko gfw tf `pprf`mg bnlbrs dk ` ifrb spdrdtu`n w`y m`k tr`ks-




Dktrflumtdfk 4

hfri tgb m`rbodvdko bxpbrdbkmb. \gb hfnnfwdko dssubs rb bxpnfrbl dk tgds iflunb5

• Gfw prfhbssdfk ns m`k ab ifrb spdrdtu`n dk tgbdr `pprf mg tf m`rb

• Gfw ` spdrdtu`n `pprf`mg tf m rb ldhhbrs hrfi ifrb tr`ldtdfk`n `pprf`mg

• Gfw t jdko ifrb spdrdtu n `pprf`mg tf m`rdko hhbmts tgb w`y m`rbodvbrs hbbn

àfut tgbisbnvbs `kl tgb bnlbrs hfr wgfi tgby m`rb

Iflunb ]dx5 Gfw ]t hh Ibiabrs M`kHdkl ]uppfrt wdtgdk tgb _frj \gby Lf

\gds tr`dkdko iflunb t`jbs p`rtdmdp`kts fk ` efurkby tf hdkl tgbdr dkkbr strbkotgs

`kl `lldtdfk`n w`ys tf gbnp tgbi m`rb hfr bnlbrs. S`rtdmdp`kts wdnn `nsf bxpnfrb

bxtbrk`n sfurmbs fh strbkotg. \gby wdnn mfksdlbr gfw tgb wfrj tgby lf ds `kobn-

ndjb.

Iflunb ]bvbk5 ]pdrdtu`n _ ys tf Mfpb wdtg ]trbss

\grfuog tgds tr`dkdko iflunb p`rtdmdp`kts `mjkfwnblob gfw strbsshun tgbdr efas

m`k ab. \gby nb`rk sfib nbss tr`ldtdfk`n w`ys tf mfpb wdtg strbss, dkmnuldko spdr-

dtu`n mfpdko tffns dktrflumbl tgrfuog v`rdfus bxbrmdsbs tg`t `nnfw p`rtdmdp`kts tf

pr`mtdmb tgbsb ldhhbrbkt w`ys tf mfpb wdtg strbss. S`rtdmdp`kts m`k mfib tf sbb

strbss `s `k fppfrtukdty hfr orfwtg `kl mg`kob.

Iflunb Bdogt5 Mfiiukdm`tdko hrfi tgb Gb`rt

Dk tgds tr`dkdko iflunb, p`rtdmdp`kts hdkl tgb p`tg tf tgbdr gb`rts. \gby nb rk tgbmfkmbpt fh spdrdtu`n ndstbkdko `kl rbmfokdzb gfw dt m`k gbnp tgbi mfiiukdm`tb

ifrb summbsshunny wdtg tgb bnlbrs hfr wgfi tgby m`rb. S`rtdmdp`kts wdnn nb`rk

àfut a`rrdbrs tg`t dktbrhbrb wdtg mfiiukdm`tdko hrfi tgb gb`rt, `s wbnn `s sfib

`ntbrk`tdvb w`ys tf mfiiukdm`tb dk tgbdr pbrsfk`n `kl wfrj ndvbs.

Iflunb Kdkb5 ]t`ydko Mfkkbmtbl \grfuog Qdtu`ns

Mfkkbmtdko tf tgb p`st `kl tf tgb prbsbkt m`k fhtbk ab `mmfipndsgbl ay bxpnfr-

dko rdtu`ns. \gds tr`dkdko iflunb nffjs `t tgb rfnb p`rtdmdp`kts— fwk hìdny rdtu`ns

pn`y dk tgbdr rbn`tdfksgdps `t wfrj `kl dk tgbdr l`y-tf-l`y `mtdvdtdbs. S`rtdmdp`kts

wdnn g`vb ` abttbr uklbrst`kldko fh wgy dt ds dipfrt`kt tf prbsbrvb tgb rdtu`ns fh

tgb bnlbrs dk tgbdr m`rb.

Iflunb \bk5 \ jdko M`rb fh Fur Fwk ]pdrdts

\gds iflunb `nnfws p`rtdmdp`kts tf bxpnfrb wgy tgby tbkl kft tf t`jb `lbqu`tb

m`rb fh tgbisbnvbs `kl gfw tgds dip`mts tgbdr wfrj ndvbs. \gby nb`rk tgb mfkmbpt

fh abdko sbnh-hunn `nfko wdtg tgb syiptfis fh aurkfut. Hdk`nny, p`rtdmdp`kts nb`rk

w`ys tf t`jb m`rb fh tgbisbnvbs dk ` ifrb m`rdko spdrdt w`y.




03 Dktrflumtdfk

FXBQXDB_ FH \GB M@QDKO ]SDQD\

\Q@DKDKO SQFOQ@I HFQ H@IDNT M@QBODXBQ]

\gb faebmtdvbs fh \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt tr`dkdko prforì hfr hìdny m`rbodvbrs `rb5• \f prfiftb ` ifrb mfip`ssdfk`tb uklbrst`kldko fh tgb rfnb fh tgb hìdny

m`rbodvbr

• \f bkmfuròb h idny m`rbodvbrs tf t`jb abttbr m`rb fh tgbdr fwk spdrdts ay usdko

spdrdtu`n mfpdko tffns

• \f gbnp h idny ibiabrs uklbrst`kl aftg tgb ordbvdko prfmbss `kl tgb rfnb

mg`kobs tg`t fmmur wgbk m`rdko hfr ` nfvbl fkb

\gb M`rdko ]pdrdt tr`dkdko prforì hfr hìdny m`rbodvbrs ibbts tgbsb faebmtdvbs dk

hfur dktbr`mtdvb tr`dkdko iflunbs. \gb spbmdhdm purpfsb fh b`mg iflunb v`rdbs, aut

`nn `rb lbsdokbl tf `mmfipndsg tgb hfnnfwdko t`sjs5

• Bkmfuròb p`rtdmdp`kts tf sg`rb tgbdr hbbndkos `kl mfkmbrks.

• Gbnp audnl afkl fh trust ifko p`rtdmdp`kts.

• Gbnp p`rtdmdp`kts rbmfokdzb tgbdr sg`rbl mfkmbrks kl mg`nnbkobs.

• Gbnp p`rtdmdp`kts rbmfokdzb wgbk tgbdr fwk spdrdts `rb dk ebfp`rly sf tgby m`k

t`jb ` ifrb spdrdtu`n `pprf`mg tf prfvdldko abttbr m`rb hfr tgbisbnvbs.

B`mg iflunb ds `k gfur-`kl-`-g`nh dk nbkotg `kl w`s mrb`tbl tf ab ` st`kl-`nfkb

sbssdfk. B`mg iflunb audnls upfk tgb ftgbrs, gfwbvbr, `kl dt ds rbmfiibklbl

tg`t p`rtdmdp`kts mfiidt tf p`rtdmdp`tdko dk `nn hfur sbssdfks.

Iflunb Bnbvbk5 _gy ` ]pdrdtu`n @pprf`mg tf M`rdko I`ttbrs

\gb hfmus fh tgds tr`dkdko iflunb ds tf gbnp hìdndbs nb`rk `lldtdfk`n w`ys tf mfpb

wdtg tgb m`rbodvdko bxpbrdbkmb. \gby wdnn g`vb tgb fppfrtukdty tf bxpnfrb wg`t

tgbdr spdrdtu`ndty ib`ks tf tgbi `kl tf tgbdr nfvbl fkbs. \gby wdnn nb`rk gfw tf

t`p dktf tgbdr fwk spdrdtu`n sdlbs `kl o`dk ` mnb`rbr uklbrst`kldko fh gfw abdko

spdrdtu`n m`k nb`l tf ` ldhhbrbkt w`y fh m`rdko hfr tgbisbnvbs `kl tgbdr nfvbl fkbs.

Iflunb \wbnvb5 Gbnpdko Hìdndbs Mfkkbmt hrfi tgb Gb`rt

\gds tr`dkdko iflunb gbnps p`rtdmdp`kts hdkl tgb p`tg tf tgbdr gb`rts. \gby wdnn

bxpnfrb gfw mfiiukdm`tdko hrfi tgbdr gb`rts m`k gbnp tgbi mfiiukdm`tb wdtgtgbdr nfvbl fkbs dk lbbpbr w`y, `kl gfw mfiiukdm`tdko sfnbny hrfi tgb „gb`l’

anfmjs tgbi hrfi tgbdr gb`rt kl hrfi tgb w`ys fh tgb gb`rt. S`rtdmdp`kts wdnn lds-

muss a`rrdbrs tf mfiiukdm`tdko hrfi tgb gb`rt `kl nb`rk ifrb mfip`ssdfk`tb,

obktnbr w`ys tf mfiiukdm`tb wdtg tgbdr nfvbl fkbs `kl ftgbr hìdny ibiabrs.

Iflunb \gdrtbbk5 ]pdrdtu`n @pprf`mgbs tf Mfpdko wdtg ]trbss




Dktrflumtdfk 00

Dk tgds tr`dkdko iflunb, p`rtdmdp`kts bxpnfrb gfw strbss ds k dkbvdtànb p`rt fh tgb

m`rbodvdko bxpbrdbkmb `kl gfw abst tf mfpb wdtg tgds strbss usdko spdrdtu`n

rbsfurmbs. \grfuog stfrdbs `kl bxbrmdsbs tgby wdnn g`vb tgb fppfrtukdty tf pr`m-

tdmb sfib spdrdtu`n w`ys fh mfpdko wdtg tgb strbss fh m`rbodvdko.

Iflunb Hfurtbbk5 Gbnpdko Tfur Hìdny Ibiabr Hdkdsg _bnn

\gds tr`dkdko iflunb gbnps hìdny m`rbodvbrs nb`rk tgb dipfrt`kmb fh hdkldko w`ys

tf mfpb wdtg tgb dipbkldko nfss fh ` nfvbl fkb `kl fh prbp`rdko tf s`y offlayb.

Dt bxpnfrbs tgbsb dssubs5

• Qbmfokdzdko tgb sdoks fh wgbk dt idogt ab tdib tf nbt of fh ` nfvbl fkb

• Rklbrst`kldko tgb stòbs fh ordbvdko

• Nb`rkdko gfw tf ab wdtg ` nfvbl fkb `t tgb bkl fh ndhb

• Nb`rkdko gfw tf s`y offlayb

• Rklbrst`kldko gfspdmb m`rb `kl gfw dt m`k ab gbnphun

Dlbktdhydko tgb spdrdtu`n sdlbs tf m`rbodvdko m`k gbnp hìdny ibiabrs hdkl kbw

w`ys tf mfkkbmt tf tgbdr nfvbl fkbs. \gb m`rbodvdko bxpbrdbkmb m`k ab mg`nnbko-

dko t tdibs, kl spdrdtu`n pprf`mgbs tf m`rdko m`k prfvdlb hìdny m`rbodvbrs wdtg

`lldtdfk`n suppfrt tf gbnp tgbi mfpb `kl mfkkbmt dk pfstdtdvb w`ys.

QBHBQBKMB]

@ppnb Gb`ntg M`rb, Dkm. \gb Abttbr Ndhb Sgdnfsfpgy fh M`rb. ]bb wbasdtb5 gttp5//www.`ppnbgb`ntgm`rb.mfi/kbw/ndhb.sgtin.

Abnn, X., & \rfxbn, L. (1330). \gb abst hrdbkls st`hh5 Audnldko ` munturb fh m`rb dk @nzgbdibr—s prforìs.

A`ntdifrb5 Gb`ntg Srfhbssdfks Srbss.

H`zdf, ]., ]bi`k, L., & ]t`ksbnn, E. (0444). Qbtgdkjdko @nzgbdibr—s m`rb. A`ntdifrb5 Gb`ntg Srfhbssdfks

Srbss.

_bnnsprdko Dkkfv`tdvb ]fnutdfks, Dkm. ]bb wbasdtb5 gttp5//www.wbnnsprdkods.fro.




_g`t Ds \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt℡ @pprf`mg6

01 \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt @pprf`mg tf Bnlbrm`rb5 @ \r`dkdko Oudlb hfr Srfhbssdfk`ns kl Hìdndbs

ay K`kmy N. Jrdsbi`k © 1332 Gb`ntg Srfhbssdfks Srbss, Dkm. @nn rdogts rbsbrvbl.

\gb M`rdko ]pdrdt ℡ ds tùogt dk ` tr`dkdko prforì lbsdokbl tf dktrflumb tgfsb wgf

wfrj dk tgb hdbnl fh bnlbrm`rb `kl tgfsb wgf `rb hìdny m`rbodvbrs tf ` ukdqub pbr-

spbmtdvb fk mg`kodko tgb munturb fh m`rdko dk nfko-tbri m`rb. \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt mg`n-

nbkobs prfhbssdfk`ns tf rbtgdkj kft fkny tgb vbry lbhdkdtdfk fh m`rdko aut gfw m`rdko ds

`pprf`mgbl `kl wg`t ds dkvfnvbl dk prfvdldko ` m`rdko bkvdrfkibkt dk wgdmg prfhbs-

sdfk`ns `kl bnlbrs m`k wfrj `kl ndvb. \gds prforì `nsf fhhbrs hìdny m`rbodvbrs kbw

w`ys tf `pprf`mg m`rdko hfr tgbdr nfvbl fkbs wgdnb `nsf gbnpdko tgbi rbmfokdzb tgb

dipfrt`kmb fh t`jdko m`rb fh tgbisbnvbs.

\gb M`rdko ]pdrdt prforì hdnns `k dipfrt`kt o`p dk bxdstdko tr`dkdko5 Dt `llrbssbs tgb

spdrdtu`n sdlb fh m`rdko. Ay dkhusdko spdrdtu`n btgdms `kl v`nubs dktf tgbdr m`rbodvdko

bhhfrts, prfhbssdfk`ns o`dk `k fppfrtukdty tf bxpbrdbkmb tgbisbnvbs `kl tgbdr wfrj dk

pfsdtdvb w`ys. M`rb st`hh m`k abodk tf rbmfokdzb tgb mfkkbmtdfk abtwbbk spdrdtu`ndty

`kl m`rdko. Hìdndbs, tff, nb`rk tf rbmfokdzb tgb dipfrt`kmb fh biar`mdko spdrdtu`n

mfkmbpts wgbk m`rdko hfr tgbdr nfvbl fkbs `kl tgbisbnvbs. Oudldko prfhbssdfk`ns `kl

hìdndbs tf hfmus fk tgbdr fwk spdrdts `kl tgb spdrdts fh tgb bnlbrs gbnps tf lbhdkb tgbdr

wfrj `kl m`rdko ldhhbrbktny.

\gb M`rdko ]pdrdt …

• Bkmfuròbs ` mfip`ssdfk`tb `tifspgbrb tg`t suppfrts tgb iutu`ndty fh m`rdko.

• ]uppfrts ldvbrsdty ìfko prfhbssdfk`ns `kl tgb muntur`n v`nubs fh bnlbrs.

• Bkmfuròbs rbspbmt hfr fkb `kftgbr dk tgb m`rdko prfmbss.

• Qbmfokdzbs tg`t fkny mffpbr`tdfk `kl mfnnàfr`tdfk m`k nb`l tf mg`kob.

• Gbnps hìdndbs rbmfokdzb gfw tgb spdrdt ds dkvfnvbl dk m`rdko.

• Gbnps ldrbmt-m`rb wfrjbrs `pprbmd`tb tgb dipfrt`kmb fh `k btgdm`n `pprf`mg tf

m`rb tg`t t`jbs dktf mfksdlbr`tdfk aftg tgbdr fwk spdrdts `kl tgb spdrdts fh tgb

bnlbrs dk tgbdr m`rb.

• Srfvdlbs `lidkdstr`tfrs, supbrvdsfrs, `kl hìdny ibiabrs wdtg dksdogt dktf gfw

tf gbnp st`hh ibiabrs wgf `rb m`rdko hfr bnlbrs hbbn v`nubl `kl `pprbmd`tbl hfr

tgb ldhhdmunt, `kl bvbk l`kobrfus, wfrj tgby lf.

\gb M`rdko ]pdrdt `pprf`mg fhhbrs sfnutdfks `kl ` iflbn fh m`rdko tg`t p`vbs tgb w`y

tf `pprf`mgdko m`rb wdtg ` kbw uklbrst`kldko `kl pbrspbmtdvb. \gb M`rdko ]pdrdt

tr`dkdko prforì prbsbkts bssbktd`n tffns hfr mg`kodko gfw m`rb ds prfvdlbl tf bnlbrs

dk tgds mfuktry.

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